| 1. |
- Carpatorea, Iulian, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
APPES Maps as Tools for Quantifying Performance of Truck Drivers
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Data Mining, DMIN'14. - USA : CSREA Press. - 9781601323132 ; , s. 10-16
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding and quantifying drivers’ influence on fuel consumption is an important and challenging problem. A number of commonly used approaches are based on collection of Accelerator Pedal Position - Engine Speed (APPES) maps. Up until now, however, most publicly available results are based on limited amounts of data collected in experiments performed under well-controlled conditions. Before APPES maps can be considered a reliable solution, there is a need to evaluate the usefulness of those models on a larger and more representative data.In this paper we present analysis of APPES maps that were collected, under actual operating conditions, on more than 1200 trips performed by a fleet of 5 Volvo trucks owned by a commercial transporter in Europe. We use Gaussian Mixture Models to identify areas of those maps that correspond to different types of driver behaviour, and investigate how the parameters of those models relate to variables of interest such as vehicle weight or fuel consumption.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carpatorea, Iulian, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Features extracted from APPES to enable the categorization of heavy-duty vehicle drivers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys). - : IEEE. - 9781509064359 - 9781509064366 ; , s. 476-481
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the performance of systems is a goal pursued in all areas and vehicles are no exception. In places like Europe, where the majority of goods are transported over land, it is imperative for fleet operators to have the best efficiency, which results in efforts to improve all aspects of truck operations. We focus on drivers and their performance with respect to fuel consumption. Some of relevant factors are not accounted for inavailable naturalistic data, since it is not feasible to measure them. An alternative is to set up experiments to investigate driver performance but these are expensive and the results are not always conclusive. For example, drivers are usually aware of the experiment’s parameters and adapt their behavior.This paper proposes a method that addresses some of the challenges related to categorizing driver performance with respect to fuel consumption in a naturalistic environment. We use expert knowledge to transform the data and explore the resulting structure in a new space. We also show that the regions found in APPES provide useful information related to fuel consumption. The connection between APPES patterns and fuel consumption can be used to, for example, cluster drivers in groups that correspond to high or low performance. © 2017 IEEE
|
|
| 3. |
- Carpatorea, Iulian, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning of Aggregate Features for Comparing Drivers Based on Naturalistic Data
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, CA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781509061662 ; , s. 1067-1072
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuel used by heavy duty trucks is a major cost for logistics companies, and therefore improvements in this area are highly desired. Many of the factors that influence fuel consumption, such as the road type, vehicle configuration or external environment, are difficult to influence. One of the most under-explored ways to lower the costs is training and incentivizing drivers. However, today it is difficult to measure driver performance in a comprehensive way outside of controlled, experimental setting.This paper proposes a machine learning methodology for quantifying and qualifying driver performance, with respect to fuel consumption, that is suitable for naturalistic driving situations. The approach is a knowledge-based feature extraction technique, constructing a normalizing fuel consumption value denoted Fuel under Predefined Conditions (FPC), which captures the effect of factors that are relevant but are not measured directly.The FPC, together with information available from truck sensors, is then compared against the actual fuel used on a given road segment, quantifying the effects associated with driver behavior or other variables of interest. We show that raw fuel consumption is a biased measure of driver performance, being heavily influenced by other factors such as high load or adversary weather conditions, and that using FPC leads to more accurate results. In this paper we also show evaluation the proposed method using large-scale, real-world, naturalistic database of heavy-duty vehicle operation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Carpatorea, Iulian, 1982-
(författare)
-
Methods to quantify and qualify truck driver performance
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fuel consumption is a major economical component of vehicles, particularly for heavy-duty vehicles. It is dependent on many factors, such as driver and environment, and control over some factors is present, e.g. route, and we can try to optimize others, e.g. driver. The driver is responsible for around 30% of the operational cost for the fleet operator and is therefore important to have efficient drivers as they also inuence fuel consumption which is another major cost, amounting to around 40% of vehicle operation. The difference between good and bad drivers can be substantial, depending on the environment, experience and other factors.In this thesis, two methods are proposed that aim at quantifying and qualifying driver performance of heavy duty vehicles with respect to fuel consumption. The first method, Fuel under Predefined Conditions (FPC), makes use of domain knowledge in order to incorporate effect of factors which are not measured. Due to the complexity of the vehicles, many factors cannot be quantified precisely or even measured, e.g. wind speed and direction, tire pressure. For FPC to be feasible, several assumptions need to be made regarding unmeasured variables. The effect of said unmeasured variables has to be quantified, which is done by defining specific conditions that enable their estimation. Having calculated the effect of unmeasured variables, the contribution of measured variables can be estimated. All the steps are required to be able to calculate the influence of the driver. The second method, Accelerator Pedal Position - Engine Speed (APPES) seeks to qualify driver performance irrespective of the external factors by analyzing driver intention. APPES is a 2D histogram build from the two mentioned signals. Driver performance is expressed, in this case, using features calculated from APPES.The focus of first method is to quantify fuel consumption, giving us the possibility to estimate driver performance. The second method is more skewed towards qualitative analysis allowing a better understanding of driver decisions and how they affect fuel consumption. Both methods have the ability to give transferable knowledge that can be used to improve driver's performance or automatic driving systems.Throughout the thesis and attached articles we show that both methods are able to operate within the specified conditions and achieve the set goal.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carpatorea, Iulian, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Data Driven Method for Quantifying Performance of Truck Drivers
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The SAIS Workshop 2014 Proceedings. - : Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society (SAIS). ; , s. 133-142
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding factors that influence fuel consumption is a very important task both for the OEMs in the automotive industry and for their customers. There is a lot of knowledge already available concerning this topic, but it is poorly organized and often more anecdotal than rigorously verified. Nowadays, however, rich datasets from actual vehicle usage are available and a data-mining approach can be used to not only validate earlier hypotheses, but also to discover unexpected influencing factors.In this paper we particularly focus on analyzing how behavior of drivers affects fuel consumption. To this end we introduce a concept of “Base Value”, a number that incorporates many constant, unmeasured factors. We show our initial results on how it allows us to categorize driver’s performance more accurately than previously used methods. We present a detailed analysis of 32 trips by Volvo trucks that we have selected from a larger database. Those trips have a large overlap in the route traveled, of over 100 km, and at the same time exhibit different driver and fuel consumption characteristics.
|
|
