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| 3. |
- Johansson, Linda
(författare)
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Foodwork and meals in everyday life among persons with dementia and their partners
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to explore and describe foodwork and meals for older persons with dementia and their partners in ordinary homes.Descriptive and explorative designs were used in the four papers this thesis is based on. Longitudinal data, including older home-living unlike-sex twins, were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. An ethnographic approach was used to describe everyday life for persons with dementia. Interviews with partners and staff were analysed using thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis, respectively.The results revealed that, among home-living older persons, there is an association between a person’s cognitive ability and nutritional status; i.e. low cognitive ability leads to increased risk of malnutrition. For home-living persons with dementia and their partners, foodwork and meals sometimes changed, meaning that shopping, preparing food and eating as well as social interaction become complicated, which seemed to lead to transitions in roles, routines and relations. There was foodwork that the persons with dementia could perform, and participants expressed a desire that abilities and independence be preserved. However, support was sometimes needed, and it was emphasized that this was based on the person’s needs, wishes and problems.In conclusion, there is an association between decreased cognitive ability and increased risk of malnutrition. Furthermore, foodwork and meals affected both persons with dementia and their partners. Therefore, early intervention whereby both partners in a couple get individually adjusted support is of importance. Consequently, a person-centred care approach can be useful in arranging the support.
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| 4. |
- Kjellander, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Winter activity of Ixodes ricinus in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : BMC. - 1756-3305. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn Europe, Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) is the most widespread and abundant tick species, acting as a vector for several microorganisms of medical and veterinary importance. In Northern and Central Europe, the tick has a bimodal activity pattern consisting of a peak in spring to the beginning of summer and a second peak at the end of summer. However, several findings of ticks on animals during winter have been reported, which raises the question of whether this is an overwintering strategy or whether ticks are active during winter in Scandinavia. The objectives of our study were to determine (i) whether ticks were active and finding hosts during winter, (ii) whether they parasitize their hosts, and (iii) what climatic factors-i.e., temperature, snow depth and precipitation-govern tick winter activity.MethodsThroughout three winter seasons, we examined wild-living and free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for ticks on 332 occasions. In total, 140 individual roe deer were captured in two climatically contrasting sites in south-central Sweden, Grimso and the Bogesund research area, respectively. We re-examined individual roe deer up to 10 times within the same winter or approximately once a week (mean 10 days, median 7 days between re-examinations) and recorded the absence or presence of ticks on the animals, and tested to what extent meteorological factors affected tick activity. To determine the attachment day, we used the coxal/scutal index of 18 nymphs and 47 female ticks.ResultsIn total, 243 I. ricinus were collected from 301 roe deer captures between 14 December and 28 February at the Bogesund study site during three subsequent years (2013/2014-2015/2016). We found attached ticks every third to every second examination (32%, 48% and 32% of the examinations, respectively). However, we collected only three I. ricinus females from 31 roe deer captures at the Grimso study site between 17 December 2015 and 26 February 2016. At the Bogesund study site, based on 192 captures of previously examined deer, we collected 121 ticks, and ticks were found at 33%, 48% and 26% of the examinations during the respective winters. The probability of finding an attached tick on a roe deer at a temperature of -5 & DEG;C was > 8% & PLUSMN; 5 (SE), and that probability increased to almost 20% & PLUSMN; 7 (SE) if the air temperature increased to 5 & DEG;C.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that winter-active nymphs and female ticks have been documented to attach and feed on roe deer during winter (December to February) in Scandinavia. The main weather conditions regulating winter activity for females were temperature and precipitation, and the lowest estimated air temperature for finding an active tick was well below 5 & DEG;C. The behaviour of winter-active and blood-feeding ticks was documented over several winters and in two contrasting areas, implying that it is a common phenomenon that should be investigated more thoroughly, since it may have important consequences for the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
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| 5. |
- Legrand, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and determinants of differences in cystatin C and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate in community-dwelling older adults : A cross-sectional study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2369. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Differences in cystatin C and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) can lead to clinical uncertainty. Existing EGFR equations perform poorly in a subset of individuals. This study aims to describe the prevalence of differences between cystatin C-based (EGFRcys) and creatinine-based (EGFRcreat) EGFR in older adults and to explore which subsets of individuals may be most affected by differing estimations. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants from a cohort of community-dwelling older adults were examined at a baseline visit in 2001-2004 as part of the larger "Good Aging in Skåne" study. Exposure variables were obtained from questionnaires, interviews, examinations, and medical records. Blood samples were taken during the baseline visit, cryopreserved, and analyzed at a later time for biomarkers. The CKD-EPI equations were used to estimate GFR. Initial descriptive analyses were performed on 2931 individuals. A total of 2532 participants were included in the final multiple linear regression. Results: Nearly two-Thirds of participants had EGFR differences exceeding 10%, with nearly 20 % of participants having EGFR differences exceeding 30%. Smoking, age, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucocorticoid use, and mean EGFR were correlated with differences between EGFRcreat and EGFRcys. Conclusions: Differences between EGFRcreat and EGFRcys are common and often of large magnitude in this community-dwelling population of older adults. The finding of multiple non-GFR determinants correlated to differences in GFR estimations can help direct future research to improve EGFR equations for subgroups prone to conflicting GFR estimations or to guide choice of biomarker for GFR estimation in these subgroups.
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| 6. |
- Lundin, Karin E, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility to infections, without concomitant hyper-IgE, reported in 1976, is caused by hypomorphic mutation in the phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) gene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 161:2, s. 366-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) is an enzyme converting N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetylglucosamine-l-phosphate, a precursor important for glycosylation. Mutations in the PGM3 gene have recently been identified as the cause of novel primary immunodeficiency with a hyper-IgE like syndrome. Here we report the occurrence of a homozygous mutation in the PGM3 gene in a family with immunodeficient children, described already in 1976. DNA from two of the immunodeficient siblings was sequenced and shown to encode the same homozygous missense mutation, causing a destabilized protein with reduced enzymatic capacity. Affected individuals were highly prone to infections, but lack the developmental defects in the nervous and skeletal systems, reported in other families. Moreover, normal IgE levels were found. Thus, belonging to the expanding group of congenital glycosylation defects, PGM3 deficiency is characterized by immunodeficiency, with or without increased IgE levels, and with variable forms of developmental defects affecting other organ systems.
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| 7. |
- Medin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Bottenfauna i Värmlands län 2011 Del 1
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Värmlands län har Medins Biologi AB under hösten 2011genomfört bottenfaunaundersökningar i ett stort antal sjöar och vattendrag. Undersökningarnautfördes inom ramen för kalkningsuppföljning i länet. Utifrån en sammanvägningav artsammansättning och flera index har resultatet av bottenfaunaundersökningenexpertbedömts med avseende på surhet, näringsämnesbelastning och hydromorfologiskpåverkan.Bottenfaunan statusklassades enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrundermed avseende på surhet, ekologisk status och eutrofiering. Materialet har även använtsför att utvärdera bottenfaunans naturvärde.Sammanlagt undersöktes 121 lokaler, varav 106 ingår i någon form av kalkningsprojektoch 15 var okalkade referenslokaler. Av de undersökta lokalerna hade 9 lokaler inteprovtagits tidigare. Bland de 121 undersökta lokalerna var 95 lokaliserade i vattendragoch 26 i sjöars litoraler (strandzon). Jämfört med de närmast föregående undersökningarnavisade årets undersökning på en relativt oförändrad försurningssituation men andelenlokaler som bedömdes som sura hade ökat något.Av de kalkade lokalerna indikerade bottenfaunan nära neutrala förhållanden vid 31 lokaleroch måttligt sura vid 49 (Tabell 1). Detta innebar att 75 % av de kalkade lokalernabedömdes tillhöra de två högsta klasserna. Resultatet var bra och visar att kalkningsverksamhetenfungerar väl. Vidare bedömdes förhållandena vara sura vid 26 och mycketsura vid 2 kalkade lokaler. Här bedömdes kalkningsverksamheten alltså ännu inte halyckats fullt ut med att återställa bottenfaunan.Vid 10 okalkade lokaler bedömdes förhållandena vara nära neutrala till måttligt sura ochvid fem av de okalkade lokalerna bedömdes förhållandena vara sura (1 lokal) ellermycket sura (4 lokaler) med avseende på bottenfaunan.Enligt vår bedömning var statusen med avseende på eutrofiering hög till god på nästanalla av de undersökta lokalerna. Detta kan sägas vara ett förväntat resultat eftersom urvaletav lokaler var riktat mot näringsfattiga vattendrag i försurningsdrabbade regioner.Endast en lokal bedömdes vara måttligt påverkade av näringsämnen. En närmare beskrivningav lokalerna samt en motivering till bedömningarna redovisas i Bilaga 1.Med avseende på bottenfaunan bedömdes fyra av de undersökta lokalerna hysa myckethöga naturvärden. Vid 15 lokaler bedömdes bottenfaunan hysa höga naturvärden.Det funna antalet arter bedömdes som högt vid fyra lokaler i sjöar (116 i Skårdalsvattnet,6 i Östen, och 100, 101 i Alstern) och vid fyra lokaler i rinnande vatten (lokal 124 iÄlgån, 33 i Billan och 117, 118 i Klarälven).Vid undersökningarna påträffades två rödlistade arter, flodkräftanAstacus astacus (hotstatusCR - akut hotad) och skinbaggenSigara hellensii (hotstatus VU – sårbar). Totaltpåträffades 26 arter som kan betecknas som ovanliga i södra och mellersta Sverige.
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| 8. |
- Ny, Pernilla, 1969-
(författare)
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Swedish maternal health care in a multiethnic society - including the fathers
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Preventive work in maternal and child health care has a long history in Sweden. Today, Sweden has achieved the lowest maternal and child mortality rates globally based on a maternal health care system regulated by national recommendations; offered to every woman, free of chare, on a continuity basis, by registered midwives at municipal clinics within the community with the purpose of being assessable for all women. Despite the availability of antenatal care, immigrant women living in Sweden often have a different pattern of utilising care and in some cases immigrant women have been shown to be at risk for a negative delivery outcome. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate differences due to country of birth and utilisation of antenatal care and the experiences of antenatal care, from the perspectives of the both the parents to be. Epidemiological design and explorative qualitative research has been used for the purpose of finding patterns of the utilisation of maternal health care as well as experiences from foreign born men and women concerning maternal health care in general, and maternal health care in the city of Malmö Sweden in particular. Qualitative research has been used to add depth and thereby attain a greater understanding in a social context. In the study population, according to the definitions set in Studies I, IV, the main finding was that 28.3-48.7% of the women had unplanned visits to a midwife and/or to a physician at the delivery ward. Women born in Sweden and in Eastern and Southern Europe had a linear relationship with few planned visits to the midwife at the municipal clinic and more unplanned visits to a midwife at the delivery ward. The women in Study II were positive to the individualised and professional care given at the MHC by empathic and professional midwives. They were positive to the increased involvement of their partner in the area of reproduction and family life since migrating to Sweden. According to the women, this may lead to an increased understanding by the fathers of the woman’s situation during pregnancy, 10 birth and caring for the children as well as it could increase the fathers own emotional as well as practical involvement in their children. The foreign born men, in Study III, were positive towards antenatal care and to be able to take part as support to women at MHC, and during the delivery process. They experienced problems with their situation of being fathers, partners and, as men living in Sweden, due often to their being un-employed and the changed situation that their migration had brought about. The health care system manager need to be aware of the fact that there are groups of women, in a low risk population, who tend to make contact with the maternal care system in a more of less unplanned fashion. By not utilising the planned care offered these women miss an opportunity to meet a midwife who is specialised in preventive care during pregnancy with the focus of treating pregnancy a normal health life event, while at the same time, ensuring the detection of eventual risk factors. A conversation with a midwife in a calm environment is beneficial to the pregnant woman. The immigrant groups need our special attention aimed at making the maternal health care system easily accessible for them, as well as making the maternity staff aware of their own attitudes towards preventive work involving pregnancy in a multiethnic setting. The organisation of care must also, in itself; offer such possibilities for both the staff and the women.
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| 9. |
- PICULELL, MARIA, et al.
(författare)
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Partial nitrification in MBBRs for mainstream deammonification with thin biofilms and alternating feed supply
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 73:6, s. 1253-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new principle for mainstream nitrogen removal through nitritation followed by anammox was studied in a two-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration. The first stage was optimized for nitritation by using thin biofilms and a feed alternating between synthetic mainstream wastewater at 15°C and, for shorter periods, synthetic reject water at 30 °C. The exposure of the biofilm to reject water conditions aimed to improve the growth conditions for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, while inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The biofilm thickness was maintained below 200 μm to ensure high exposure of the total biomass to the bulk reactor conditions. Nitritation was successfully achieved in the configuration, with a nitrite accumulation ratio above 75% during the majority of the study, and ammonia removal rates between 0.25 and 0.50 g NH4-N/L,d. The anoxic second stage, optimized for anammox, was fed with the effluent from the nitritation reactor, reaching nitrogen removal rates above 0.20 g TN/L,d.
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| 10. |
- Piculell, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The inhibitory effects of reject water on nitrifying populations grown at different biofilm thickness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 104:1 Nov, s. 292-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is of vital importance to achieve successful, energy efficient, mainstream anammox processes for wastewater treatment. In this study, biofilm carriers from a fully nitrifying MBBR system, fed with mainstream wastewater, were temporarily exposed to reject water from sludge dewatering, to evaluate this as a possible strategy to inhibit NOB and achieve nitrite production under realistic conditions. Two different carrier types were compared, in which biofilm thickness was maintained at approximately 400 and 50 mm, respectively, and reject treatment was tested at different exposure time and loading rates. Reject exposure almost always resulted in an increased nitrite production in the thinner biofilm, and overall, nitrifiers growing in the thin biofilm were more sensitive than those grown in the thicker biofilm. The effect from reject exposure remained in the systems for four days after returning to mainstream operation, with nitrite production gradually increasing for three days. Increased concentrations of free ammonia correlated with reject exposure and may be the cause of inhibition, although other factors cannot be excluded.
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