| 1. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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| 2. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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BALANCE 4P: Balancing decisions for urban brownfield redevelopment – case studies. Case study report of the BALANCE 4P project of the SNOWMAN Network coordinated call IV.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents three case studies from the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders) and Sweden, i.e. Merwevierhavens, Alvat and Fixfabriken respectively. The case studies were carried out to explore the possibilities for inclusion of subsurface and sustainability assessments in early planning phases of the brownfield redevelopment process. Stakeholder analysis and the System Exploration Environment and Subsurface (SEES) method were used (i) to identify relevant stakeholders, including subsurface experts, and (ii) to generate redevelopment alternatives with their help in workshop settings and individual consultations. Further, sustainability assessments of the redevelopment alternatives were performed using a number of instruments covering a wide range of sustainability aspects. In particular, Multi-Criteria Analyses, Cost-Benefit Analyses and methods for assessment of ecosystem services were used in the Alvat and the Fixfabriken case studies. In addition, a Social Impact Analysis was performed for the Swedish case. In all three countries, available subsurface information is not systematically treated in the planning process due to established planning culture and insufficient support in policy, law and regulation. The SEES methodology provided important insights to planners on potential benefits of including subsurface knowledge in the early planning phases. Examples of lessons learned from the cases are that direct communication and stakeholder interaction is more efficient than documents, and that it is important to take time and to prepare subsurface information in an approachable form. Further, qualitative and semi-quantitative sustainability assessments seems more useful than quantitative ones, because of data availability constraints in early phases of the redevelopment process and thus high uncertainties in the assessment results, but also due to communication aspects. The lessons learned from the cases is an important input for recommendations on a more structured holistic approach for knowledge exchange between subsurface and surface sectors, and for inclusion of subsurface and sustainability assessments in the planning process.
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| 3. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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BALANCE 4P: Balancing decisions for urban brownfield redevelopment. Technical report of the BALANCE 4P project of the SNOWMAN Network coordinated call IV.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Land take as a result of urbanization is one of the major soil threats in Europe. One of the key measures to prevent further urban sprawl and additional land take, is redevelopment of urban brownfields: underused urban areas with, in many cases, soil and groundwater pollution. The latter issue can be a bottleneck for redevelopment of brownfields instead of green fields. A difficulty for brownfield redevelopments is that in urban projects the responsibilities, tools and knowledge of subsurface engineering and urban planning and design are not integrated; they depend heavily on each other but work in sectors. The urban designer usually deals with opportunities for socio-economic benefits while the subsoil engineer deals with the technical challenges of the site. Balance 4P suggests a holistic approach to brownfield redevelopment that (i) recognizes all phases of the urban redevelopment process which are influenced by the planning conditions set by laws, regulations, policy and institutions; (ii) acknowledges multiple subsurface qualities in the brownfield redevelopment project; (iii) promotes knowledge exchange between the surface and the subsurface sectors, across disciplines within each sector, and over time, about the subsurface qualities of the specific project; (iv) focus on the urban redevelopment project by identifying strategies for redevelopment that can fulfil a good quality of the built environment; (v) assesses the three P’s (People, Planet, Profit/Prosperity) in each urban redevelopment phase; and (vi) puts the Process in focus rather than specific instruments by focusing on identification of WHO should be involved in the knowledge exchange process and HOW it can be mediated. The developed decision support framework is aimed to guide project teams willing to implement a more holistic approach in practice. The framework includes four steps carried out in iterative manner: (1) stakeholder analysis, (2) generation of redevelopment alternatives, (3) sustainability assessment of the alternatives, and (4) synthesis of the assessment results, including uncertainty analysis. The guidance describing the steps in the decision support framework and activities within each step can help to structure the decision process and provide support to project teams. The anticipated advantages of the holistic approach are redevelopment plans that allow for smart, cost-effective and sustainable solutions in the implementation process by making explicit use of subsurface information and knowledge in the planning process, and possibilities for more long-term sustainable planning with regard to the subsurface by increased awareness of the subsurface as a resource and the associated risks and possibilities.
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| 4. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulär hantering av förorenade massor. Utveckling av metod för ökad återvinning
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Land development, land remediation and infrastructure projects deal with large quantities of contaminated soil masses. Only a small part of the masses is recycled after treatment and a large part is deposited. At the same time, large quantities of new soil and rock materials must be quarried for construction work. An increased recycling of contaminated masses that is environmentally sound and safe from a human health perspective would make an important contribution to the improved resource management that characterizes a circular economy. This would lead to reduced transports, reduced volumes of deposited waste and a more sustainable management of contaminated masses. The project has analyzed various instruments in society with a view to examining the obstacles and opportunities for increased recycling of contaminated soil masses. The socio-economic benefits to society with an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses have been described in general terms. A method has been developed to provide different actors with a tool for classifying the suitability of soil masses for environmentally- and health-safe reuse. Such a method provides greater competitiveness of entrepreneurs with the ability and knowledge to carry out such recycling. The overall conclusion of this work is that there are significant potential socio-economic benefits from an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses. Several possible measures have been identified that could be useful to lead to an increase in the recovery of contaminated soil slabs in society: • Better adaptation of the environmental quality requirements of soil masses to the actual land use of the area where recycled masses can be potentially used • Reduced administration for using recycled masses • Increase the allowed storage time before disposal • Increase the requirements for treatment of masses before disposal • Introduce taxes on masses that are possible to pre-treat before disposal • Introduce landfill tax and increase landfill fees for inert soil masses • Increased on-site treatment (in situ and ex situ) • Introduce more innovative procurement and choice between execution or turnkey contracting • Calculate key figures for the recycling of contaminated soil masses • Develop and apply a standardized and well-founded classification of different the environmental and technological potential of masses for recycling. A proposed method has been developed and described in this study. Recycling of soil masses thus requires consideration of a variety of factors. The focus of the classification methodology developed here is on the environmental and technical characteristics of the soil mass. However, as described above, for the soil mass to be recycled also conditions other than the environmental and technical characteristics of the masses need to be fulfilled. We therefore propose that the classification of soil masses be seen as part of a step-by-step process in which different actors in society must act in order for increased recycling to be possible. We propose that the step-by-step process of circular management of contaminated masses, as well as for other types of waste, should, as far as possible, be based on the so-called “waste hierarchy”. In order to promote an increased degree of recycling, some efforts have been proposed that different actors can implement within the different levels of the waste hierarchy. It has not been possible to carry out a full analysis of opportunities for the various actors, but the proposals should be seen as a basis for a further development.
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| 5. |
- Stuiver, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Governance of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea for Energy Production and Aquaculture: Challenges for Policy Makers in European Seas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying policy, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors to explore governance arrangements in four case study sites in different sea basins around Europe ( the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea). The article concludes with policy recommendations on a governance regime for facilitating the development of MUPS in the future.
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| 6. |
- van den Burg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Participatory Design of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:2, s. Art. no. 127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European oceans are subject to rapid development. New activities such as aquaculture and ocean energy have gained importance. This triggers interest in “multi-use platforms at sea” (MUPS), i.e., areas at sea in which different activities are combined. MUPS are complex features with regards to technology, governance, and financial, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. To identify realistic and sustainable solutions and designs for MUPS, the MERMAID project applied a participatory design process (PDP) involving a range of stakeholders representing companies, authorities, researchers, and NGOs. This paper evaluates if and how the participatory design process contributed to the design of multi-use platforms. It is based on interviews with the managers of the case study sites and a questionnaire administered to all stakeholders participating in the PDP workshops. Analyzing the four case studies, we conclude that the participatory design process has had a valuable contribution to the development of the four different designs of MUPS, even though the preconditions for carrying out a participatory design process differed between sites. In all four cases, the process has been beneficial in generating new and shared knowledge. It brought new design issues to the table and increased knowledge and understanding among the different stakeholders.
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