| 1. |
- Bergh, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel versus ticagrelor as part of dual antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. - 1533-4023. ; 79:5, s. 620-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy and safety of clopidogrel compared with ticagrelor as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome is reviewed. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and HTA databases were searched (Sep 2nd 2020) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). ACS patients subjected to clopidogrel or ticagrelor as part of DAPT were included. Pooled risk-differences were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses, and certainty of evidence was assessed according to GRADE. In ACS patients subjected to DAPT, the pooled risk difference for all-cause mortality was 0·6% (-0·03% to 1·3%; I2: 18%); cardiovascular mortality: 0·6% (0·01% to 1·1%; I2: 22%); MI: 0·9% (0·4% to 1·3%; I2: 5%); stent thrombosis: 0·7% (0·4 to 1·1%; I2: 0%); clinically significant bleeding: -1·9% (-3·7% to -0·2%; I2: 69%); major bleeding: -0·9% (-1·6% to -0·1%; I2: 32%); and dyspnea: -5·8% (-7·7% to -3·8%; I2: 63%). In the subgroup of older patients there were no differences between the comparison groups regarding all-cause mortality, CV mortality and MI, whereas the risk of clinically significant bleeding and major bleeding was lower in the clopidogrel group, -5·9% (-11 to -0·9%, 1 RCT) and -2·4% (-4·4% to -0·3%, I2: 0%), respectively. Compared with ticagrelor, clopidogrel may result in little or no difference regarding all-cause mortality. In older patients, clopidogrel may be slightly less efficient in reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality and MI. Clopidogrel results in a reduced risk of bleedings and dyspnea.
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| 2. |
- Chaplin, John, et al.
(författare)
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Initial validation of Swedish PROMIS (R)-25 in an orthopaedic population of children with acute severe knee injury
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 27:Suppl. 1, s. S122-S122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The quality control of pediatric orthopaedic treatment options requires patient reported outcome measures that offer comparison to referenced populations. This study aimed to contribute to the validation of the Swedish translation of the norm-referenced PROMIS profile-25.Methods: Three questionnaires were administered one year after an acute knee injury via the Swedish paediatric orthopaedic registry (SPOQ). The questionnaires were: (1) The PROMIS Pediatric Profile-25, including the short-forms Mobility, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Peer Relationships, Pain Interference and the single-item Pain Intensity, translated following the FACIT translation method, (2) the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scales for children (KOOS-Child, previously validated in Swedish) with the scales Pain, Symptoms, ADL, Sport/play and QoL (39 questions), and (3) a single VAS item, Overall Health Scale. Convergent validity was assessed by interscale correlations and a one-way ANOVA was used to identify differences between three injury categories.Results: Of 218 eligible patients, 104 (53 girls, 9-14 years, mean 13 years, 42 with patella luxation, 34 with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and 28 with other knee injuries), returned questionnaires. PROMIS and KOOS-Child had 1% incomplete answers. There was high positive correlation between all KOOS-Child scales, and KOOS-Child-Pain explained a large amount of variance in Symptoms (R2 = .610), ADL (R2 = .648), Sport/play (R2 = .462) and QoL (R2 = .423). An expected high correlation between KOOS-Child-pain and PROMIS-Pain-Interference was found (r = .581, p = \.001). The expected relationship between the PROMIS-Mobility scale and KOOS-Child-QoL (r = .815, p = \.001) was found, confirming that at this age QoL is associated with physical functioning. There were statistically significant differences between the three diagnosis categories for two PROMIS scales: PROMIS-mobility (F(2, 101) = 6.901, p = .002) and PROMIS-depression (F(2, 101) = 3.116, p = .049). The PROMIS subscales showed high Cronbach’s alpha (between 0.730 and 0.864).Conclusions: This study is the first in Sweden to investigate the psychometric properties of the PROMIS profile-25 and highlights its relationship to the criterion measure of KOOS-Child. PROMIS-25 uses self-report, ultra-brief measurement for screening, providing additional information that was not available using previous questionnaires. PROMIS-25 can contribute to quality control and lead to improved treatment decisions. Data collection is ongoing through the orthopaedic registry, which will provide further evidence of how PROMIS-25 performs in other paediatric orthopaedic conditions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dukic, Tania, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of button location on driver's visual behaviour and safety perception
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 48:4, s. 399-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although buttons are a frequently used type of control in car interiors, little research has been undertaken on how the usage of buttons affects the visual behaviour of the driver. In this study, the aim was to analyse the effect of push button location and auditory feedback on drivers' visual time off road and safety perception when driving in a real traffic situation. The effect of six button locations (five on the centre stack, one near the gear stick) was tested. Drivers' visual behaviour was studied in real traffic on a motorway. An eye tracking system recorded the visual behaviour of eight drivers who, in 96 repeated trials each, were instructed to press a specific button. Data analysis focused on the drivers' visual time off road and safety perception in relation to the location of the button to be pressed. Auditory feedback did not show a significant effect on visual time off road. The time off road increased significantly as the angle increased between the normal line of sight and button location for the five buttons placed on the centre stack. Results for the button located close to the gear stick, with the highest eccentricity, produced a short time off road. This unexpected finding is discussed in terms of three potential explanations: 1) the role of perceptual discrimination; 2) risk perception; and 3) motor control.
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| 5. |
- Dukic, Tania, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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To use virtual tools for further development of Volvo Car´s production system - A case study of the development of the production system for P28/XC90.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Chalmers, Produkt- och Produktionsutveckling. Rapport nr. 16. - 1651-0984. ; , s. 112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SummaryA work procedure for virtual product and manufacturing engineering has been developed at the Volvo Car Corporation. For the first time this was fully adhered to during the development of the P28/XC90 car model. The working methods comprise both virtual and physical analysis of different aspects of the product and production process, such as packing, assembly ability and ergonomics. A decision was taken in January 2001 to make an evaluation of the virtual working methods, for which a research team from the National Institute for Working Life and Chalmers University of Technology was engaged.The purpose was to evaluate how well the virtual working methods functioned with regard to ergonomics aspects of assembly work - and to what degree they could be applied for early identification of ergonomics problems. About 30 interviews with members of different development teams (module teams) were carried out for the evaluation. Evaluations of the assembly work for a selected number of PIIs1 for P28 were also made, starting with virtual series2 5 (VS5) in February 2001 ending with the pre-series PTO1 (Pre try-out 13) in November 2001. The overall results showed that the virtual participative working methods worked well in general and the members of the module teams (project teams) were very positive to the usage of virtual tools. A large number of ergonomic problems were identified and corrected but the number of ergonomic simulations was lower than expected. The reason for this was said to be a lack of ergonomics competence. Nevertheless the module teams believed that there was a greater potential for identifying and solving several ergonomic problems in early project phases than was the case in this study. An overall important outcome was the recommendations to the company for how to improve virtual working procedures, follow-ups of simulation results and virtual tools for the future.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Steingrimsson, Steinn, et al.
(författare)
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Electroencephalography-based neurofeedback as treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1778-3585. ; 63:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND.: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is debilitating for patients and society. There are a number of treatment methods albeit not all patients respond to these and an interesting method using electroencephalography-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) has become more prominent in recent years. This systematic review aimed to assess whether EEG-NF, compared with sham NF, other treatment, or no treatment, is effective for PTSD. Primary outcomes were self-harm, PTSD symptoms, level of functioning and health-related quality of life. METHODS.: Systematic literature searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted in six databases. Random effects meta-analysis was performed. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS.: Four RCTs were included (123 participants). Suicidal thoughts were significantly reduced after EEG-NF compared with a waiting list in a small study. PTSD symptoms were assessed in all studies with different instruments. Results were consistently in favor of EEG-NF with large effect sizes (standardized mean difference -2.30 (95% confidence interval: -4.37 to -0.24). One study reported significantly improved level of executive functioning and one study a reduction in use of psychotropic medication. Complications were scarcely reported. Certainty of evidence was assessed as very low for the four assessed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS.: Based on four RCTs, with several study limitations and imprecision, it is uncertain whether EEG-NF reduces suicidal thoughts, PTSD symptoms, medication use, or improves function. Although all studies showed promising results, further studies are needed to increase the certainty of evidence.
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| 8. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Prerequisites for extensive computer manikin analysis - An example with hierarchical task analysis, file exchange protocol and a relational database
- 2001
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Ingår i: SAE Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering International Conference and Exposition.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this case study, a human factors engineering (HFE) analysis was carried out in the preliminary design phase of the Cupola. Cupola is a European Space Agency (ESA) module for manned space flights for the International Space Station (ISS) as part of a Barter Arrangement between ESA and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Manikin software was used early in the design process before the production of any flight hardware. The manikin analysis was supported by the use of hierarchical task analysis, a file exchange protocol and a relational database. This paper describes methodological aspects of the use of the supporting methods. Results show that hierarchical task analysis, a file exchange protocol and a relational database are prerequisites for successful extensive manikin analysis.
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| 9. |
- Wartenberg, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of assembly tolerance on performance of a tape application task: A pilot study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 33:4, s. 369-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Task characteristics such as visual and manual demands influence the postures employed and the muscular load during task execution. According to ergonomic experts at a car assembly plant, these demands are difficult to predict during product and production development and can easily be underestimated. One such task with combined visual and manual demands is the application of deco-tape to the door frame of cars. This precision task requires the exact manual positioning of the tape and a careful visual control in order to continuously adjust alignment and to check for any air bubbles fastened under the tape. This task has to be carried out within limited time determined by the pace of the assembly line, thus requiring both high precision and a certain speed. The present study aimed at the question: how do different degrees of assembly tolerance affect the execution of a precision assembly task? Deco-tape fixation was transformed into an experimental task in order to study the effect of different degrees of precision demands. Ten subjects without previous assembly experience completed 60 experimental trials each. In each trial a tape was affixed in an area indicated on a frame. Thirty trials required high precision with minimal assembly tolerance-that is the tape was affixed in an area that had the same width as the tape. The remaining 30 trials were carried out with lower precision demands-the indicated area provided an assembly tolerance of 3 mm at a tape width of 19 mm. Task completion time, the movement path of the right hand and head, and the occurrence of quality deficiencies were registered. The study showed strong effects of the change in assembly tolerance on the speed, postural behaviour and movement paths during task execution: Tasks with high precision demands required significantly longer completion times. Higher precision demands lead to a working posture with less variation in the distance between the right hand and head. During tasks with high precision, the movement path of the right hand was less economic-with smaller movement cycles of shorter duration-all owing for a more frequent control of results. It was concluded that precision demands play an important role for the speed, working posture and movement path during an assembly task. Considering these effects and their potential implication for the muscular load during task execution, it seems important to consider task characteristics such as precision demands in detail when designing products for assembly. A careful consideration of these task characteristics is essential when using simulation tools such as mannequins in extended phases of future product development processes. Relevance to industry Current ergonomic guidelines often focus on the physical layout of a workplace, while task characteristics such as visual and manual demands are considered to a lesser extent. However, these task characteristics may play an important role for assembly workers' postural behaviour and the muscular load during work. Increasing use of simulation tools instead of physical prototypes in the product and production development process makes it even more difficult to evaluate task characteristics such as precision demands. On this background, more knowledge about the effect of task characteristics on working posture and assembly paths is needed. The present pilot study provides a detailed analysis of the effect of different precision demands on the work posture and execution of an assembly task-deco-tape fixation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Wartenberg, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of assembly tolerance on performance of a tape application task. A pilot study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. ; 33, s. 369 - 379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Task characteristics such as visual and manual demands influence the postures employed and the muscular load during task execution. According to ergonomic experts at a car assembly plant, these demands are difficult to predict during product and process development and can easily be underestimated. One such task with combined visual and manual demands is the application of deco-tape to the door frame of cars. This precision task requires the exact manual positioning of the tape and a careful visual control in order to continuously adjust alignment and to check for any air bubbles fastened under the tape. This task has to be carried out within limited time determined by the pace of the assembly line, thus requiring both high precision and a certain speed.The present study aimed at the question: How do different degrees of assembly tolerance affect the execution of a precision assembly task?Deco-tape fixation was transformed into an experimental task in order to study the effect of different degrees of precision demands.Ten subjects without previous assembly experience completed 60 experimental trials each. In each trial a tape was affixed in an area indicated on a frame. Thirty trials required high precision with minimal assembly tolerance - that is the tape was affixed in an area that had the same widh as the tape. The remaining 30 trials were carried out with lower precision demands. - the indicated area provided an assembly tolerance of 3 mm at a tape width of 19 mm.Task completion time, the movement path of the right hand and head, and the occurrence of quality defiences were registered.The study showed strong effects of the change in assembly tolerance on the speed, postural behaviour and movementpaths during the task execution:Tasks with high precision demands required significantly longer completion times. Higher precision demands lead to a working posture with less variation in the distance between the right hand and the head. During tasks with high precision, the movement path of the right hand was less economic - with smaller movement cycles of shorter duration - allowing for a more frequent control of results. It was concluded that precision demands play an important role for the speed, working posture and movement path during an assembly task. Considering these effects and their potential implication for the muscular load during task execution, it seems important to consider task characteristics such as precision demands in detail when designing products for assembly. A careful consideration of these task characteristics is essential when using simulation tools such as mannequins in extended phases of future product development process.Relevance to industryCurrent ergonomic guidelines often focus on the physical layout of a work place, while task characteristics such as visual and manual demands are considered to a lesser extent. However, these task characteristics may play an important role for assembly workers postural behaviour and the muscular load during work. Increasing use of simulation tools instead of physical prototypes in the product and production development process makes it even more difficult to evaluate task characteristics such as precision demands. On this background, more knowledge about the effect of task characteristics such as precision demands is needed. The present pilot study provides a detailed analysis of the effect of different precision demands on the work posture and execution of an assembly task - deco-tape fixation.
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