| 1. |
- Eriksson, T. Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits of prisoners as compared to general populations : signs of adjustment to the situation?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 107:1, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two recent studies have challenged the well-established belief that offending behaviors are inversely related to the personality trait of conscientiousness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore prisoners’ levels of traits according to the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality compared to control groups, with a focus on conscientiousness. Two separate samples of inmates in Swedish high-security prisons were investigated in three studies. Inmates and non-inmates completed a Swedish-language translation of Goldberg’s (1999) International Personality Item Pool questionnaire (IPIP-NEO, Bäckström, 2007). Male inmates (n = 46) in Studies 1 and 2 scored higher on conscientiousness than non-inmates (norm data based on approximately 800 males, and a students’ sample), which conflicts with previous results. Study 3 further explored the conscientiousness differences on the facet level. Male and female inmates (n = 131) scored higher on order and self-discipline (even after an adjustment for social desirability) than students (n = 136). In conjunction with previous findings, these differences are interpreted as being either temporal or enduring adjustments to the prison environment. It is suggested that researchers and clinical teams should cautiously interpret the FFM factor of conscientiousness (and its facets) when planning the further treatment of inmates.
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| 2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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"Managing with my Heart, Brain and Soul" : The Development of the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cooperative Education and Internships. - Cincinnati : Cooperative Education & Internship Association, Inc.. - 1933-2130 .- 0022-0132. ; 47:1, s. 61-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Swedish leadership theory of "leadership intelligence" (Ronthy, 2006; 2013) is characterized by a work integrated learning approach. This theory arose from analysis of the experiences of managers trained in performance appraisals, and describes the balance between being a leader and being a manager. A leader develops and uses, in an integrative good balance, leadership intelligence, which comprises emotional intelligence, rational intelligence and spiritual intelligence. The aim of this study was to further develop the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ) created by Ronthy (which has been developed to measure leadership intelligence), and to examine its reliability. Over 400 leaders, aged 21 to 69 years completed the 71-item LIQ. A shorter, 32-item version of the LIQ was developed by confirmatory factor analysis thorough excluding psychometrically "poor" items. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s alpha was high (> .80), and we conclude that leadership intelligence may be reliably measured with both versions of the questionnaire. Future studies should examine the internal and external validity of the LIQ before its introduction into education or into managerial practice.
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| 3. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R) in male juvenile delinquents
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract State-administered correctional institutions in Sweden take care of approximately 600 juvenile delinquents every year. The treatment for these institutionalized young people is based mainly on environmental programs and milieu therapy.Fifty-six conduct-disordered juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) from four institutions were studied with respect to their personality traits, and the prevalence of psychopathy (measured by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised, PCL-R). One objective was to study the reliability and validity of commonly used personality inventories. In particular, the validity of psychopathy-related personality traits, included in Schalling’s psychopathy model (1978), was examined by studying the relationships between personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R), the occurrence of previous treatment occasions, and relapse into crime. Four groups, the delinquent participants, a group of high sensation-seekers (air force pilot recruits), normal male adolescent participants, and another group of normal young males, completed a number of personality inventories, which enabled us to obtain measures of personality traits. The personality inventories used were the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales. In addition, the delinquent participants were rated on psychopathy according to the modified version of the PCL-R, designed to be used with young people (Fort, Hart, & Hare, 1990). Both variable-oriented (factor analysis, MANOVA) and person-oriented statistical methods (cluster analysis) were applied.As expected, most personality traits in the delinquent participants deviated from published norms and from our control groups. The delinquent participants showed a high level of pathology or vulnerability for developing mental disorders (such as substance abuse). About 60% of the delinquent participants had scores above 30 on the PCL-R, and were thus classified as psychopaths according to the manual. Further, 73% had scores between 27 and 40, indicating a high level of psychopathy. Delinquent participants showed a different pattern of sensation-seeking behavior than air force pilot recruits and normal adolescent participants, and differed also in other personality traits. They had a low level of socialization, indicating a lack of ability to take the role of the generalized other, and a tendency to impulsiveness, somatic anxiety and extraversion-sociability. The construct validity (convergent and divergent) of the KSP scales was found to be adequate. Some of the personality traits in delinquent participants, however, showed a different correlation pattern than that found in noncriminal people. Some of the basic scales from the KSP had high reliability, but many were not reliable when used on delinquent participants. Four factors were extracted using the maximum likelihood method. No significant correlations were found between the personality scale scores and the PCL-R scores. Finally, cluster analysis of the reliable and valid psychopathy-related personality scales from the KSP (Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance, Socialization, Verbal aggression, and Somatic anxiety) identified seven different clusters of delinquent participants.The uncertain validity of some personality traits (e.g., psychoticism or detachment), the poor reliability of many of the KSP scales (e.g., Guilt, Suspicion, and Inhibition of aggression) when used on this population, together with some minor limitations of the studies (e.g., sample size) are discussed.In conclusion, the high prevalence of psychopathy in the present sample of male delinquent participants may have important clinical treatment implications, particularly since some researchers have suggested that milieu therapy increases relapse rates into crime in adult psychopaths. Hopefully, appropriate assessment of personality traits and psychopathy (in addition to obvious routine assessments of mental disorders, such as substance abuse or disabilities such as dyslexia), supervision, and the implementation of effective correctional programs, may prevent young people with deviant personalities from aggravating their deviant style of living. Key words: Personality traits, psychopathy (PCL-R), juvenile delinquents, reliability, validity, assessment.
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| 4. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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"You have to use your brain, heart and soul" : A new model of Leadership Intelligence
- 2012
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Ingår i: ViLär Konferens 2012 ABSTRACT. ; , s. 18-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership intelligence is a new Swedish leadership model (Ronthy, 2006; in press). The aim of this presentation is to present and discuss some results from a project “Studies on a new Swedish leadership model.” The aim of this project was to empirically test and develop a practicable management model based on the theory of leadership intelligence. Leadership intelligence consists of a number of competencies, skills and attributes. Leadership intelligence is a combination of the leader’s logical and analytical skills, his/her ability to manage his own and others’ emotions, and finally his deeper desire and willingness to see the meaning of what he is doing. The latter intelligence belongs to the existential query field and answers the question WHY. Today, according to Ronthy, executives focus on WHAT, very little on HOW, and rarely on WHY. Leadership should include all these three dimensions. Over 400 leaders, aged 21 to 69 years, from different organizations and companies made self-reports by logging on to the Internet using a recently designed questionnaire for how managers perceive their leadership. Traditional statistical methods (factor analyses, SEM) as well as qualitative interviews with leaders, suggest a possible relationship between theory and empirical data. We have focused on developing of a relatively short, reliable and valid self-report measure of leadership intelligence that can be further developed and applied in different practical situations.
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| 5. |
- Ekegren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership Intelligence Before and After Participation in UGL Leadership Training
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Transpersonal Studies. - 1321-0122 .- 1942-3241. ; 34:1-2, s. 23-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether there was a difference in three types of leadership intelligence (spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and rational intelligence) before and after participation in a specific leadership training course. Leadership intelligence was assessed with the aid of the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ; Dåderman, Ronthy, Ekegren, & Mårdberg, 2013). The study included 125 participants (M = 38 years, SD = 8), 82 of whom were women. The participants achieved significantly higher mean scores in the three types of leadership intelligence after participation in leadership training, than their mean scores before the training. This professional development program may have contributed to the increase in leaders’ mean scores in leadership intelligence, hopefully leading to a higher quality of leadership.
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| 6. |
- Ekegren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership intelligence, self-esteem and personality traits before and after participation in UGL
- 2012
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Ingår i: ViLär Konferens 2012. ; , s. 17-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1981 the leadership training UGL (Understanding Group and Leader) has been used as a basic course for new officers, and it´s today a frequently applied concept even in the commercial sector and public administration. The objectives of the course is, in accordance with the invitation to improve the participants’ abilities working with reflections, understanding the influence of emotions, providing developing feedback, understanding how our values influence leadership as well as understanding the needs of different leadership styles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if there was a difference in the following variables: leadership intelligence (emotional, rational and spiritual intelligence), self-esteem (basic, earning and performance-based) and personality traits, before and after participating in UGL. The leadership intelligence is a new leadership model (Ronthy, 2006), and a questionnaire based on this theory is in progress. An additional aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of this instrument. The study included 125 participants (M = 38,5 years, SD = 7,8), whereof 82 women. Everyone participated in the leadership development program UGL in 2011. Three self-assessment forms were used in the study. Before and 2 immediately after the leadership training all variables were evaluated, after six months only leadership intelligence was evaluated. The results showed significant differences before and after participation in emotional intelligence, rational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, basic self-esteem, embitterment, psychic trait anxiety, stress susceptibility and social desirability. The self-estimated increases in leadership intelligence were still at similar levels after six months. Results from correlation tests indicated theoretical plausible correlations. In the present study the self-rated emotional, the logical, as well as the spiritual intelligence measured higher after participation in UGL. This professional development program may have contributed in a positive direction to increase employees’ leadership intelligence.
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| 7. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Be fearless : Positive affect as a mediator between venturesomeness and self-efficacy in future entrepreneurs and managers : Être intrépide : affect positif agissant comme médiateur entre l’audace et la connaissance de ses propres capacités chez les futurs entrepreneurs et managers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée / European Review of Applied Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 68:4-5, s. 171-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and objectives. – Self-efficacy, personality and different affect states in entrepreneurs and managers are important factors for effectiveness and well-being. The aim of the study was to examine in young adults during entrepreneurship-related education, the relationships between venturesomeness and self-efficacy, and the mediating effects of positive affect and positive emotions (joviality, self-assurance, attentiveness) on these relationships.Method. – One hundred and fifty-three participants (mean age 22 years) completed questionnaires that assessed venturesomeness, general self-efficacy, positive affect (measured as a state), and positive emotions. Bootstrapping analyses with simple and multiple mediators were conducted, controlled for gender, to estimate the indirect effects of positive affect and positive emotions on venturesomeness and general self-efficacy.Results. – Venturesomeness was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. Positive affect (model 1), joviality and self-assurance, but not attentiveness (model 2), were complete mediators in the relationship between venturesomeness and self-efficacy.Conclusion. – The present study provides new evidence that heightened venturesomeness is related to higher levels of positive affect, self-assurance and joviality. Venturesomeness, therefore, may strengthen self-efficacy in young people during entrepreneurship-related education, and positive emotions may lead to an aware use of resources, including self-efficacy. These results may stimulate young people to be braveand to try new experiences.
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| 8. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Burnout among a group of policemen : the role of fatigue and emotions in the work context
- 2012
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Ingår i: Book of Proceedings. - Nottingham : I-WHO, International House, Jubilee Campus. - 9780955436598 ; , s. 125-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Policework is a profession with a high risk of operational and organizational stress at work. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of job-related affectivity and fatigue on burnout; specifically we aimed to study the relation between acute fatigue and burnout and the indirect role of emotion during work.We adopted the concept of burnout with two components: exhaustion and disengagement (Halbesleben & Demerouti, 2005). In this concept, exhaustion is related to the energetic aspect, and disengagement is connected to the motivational aspect. We hypothesized that acute fatigue is a precursor to burnout. According to Van Katwyk et al. (2000), psychological well-being is synonymous with work-related affectivity, and emotions are classified into four categories: high and low-arousal of pleasant emotions and high and low-arousal of unpleasant emotions. According to the theory of stress by Selye (1978), eustress and distress are assumed to be a high arousal of emotion.Methods: Acute fatigue was measured by the index in accordance with the Japan Society for Occupational Health. In order to investigate exhaustion and disengagement the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used (Halbesleben & Demerouti, 2005). Job-related affective well-being was used to assess emotions within the work context (Van Katwyk et al., 2000). Hierarchical regressions analyses were performed.Group: 187 policemen (28 women) filled in the questionnaires. Half of them worked in the prevention department and one-third were on duty in the criminal division. Their average work experience was 14.7 years (range 5 - 28).Results: Fatigue had a direct impact on exhaustion and disengagement. This first effect was 3 times stronger than the second. In the next step the emotions were entered into these separate models. We observed that a low arousal of unpleasant emotions had an indirect relation with fatigue and exhaustion. Additionally, a high arousal of positive and negative emotions (eustress and distress) mediated between fatigue and disengagement. These effects of partial mediation were large (f2 = .34 and f2 = .32 respectively).Conclusion: Our results indicate that a high arousal of emotions can lead to a deterioration of motivation of work, but a low arousal of negative emotions reduce energetic ability to work among policemen.
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| 9. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue and burnout in police officers : the mediating role of emotions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Policing. - 1363-951X .- 1758-695X. ; 37:3, s. 665-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of the intensity of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of job-related emotions in the relationship between fatigue and burnout in police officers.Design/methodology/approach – In all, 169 police officers (26 women) completed a test battery that assessed acute fatigue, burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: exhaustion and disengagement), and emotions (Job-related Affective Well-being Scale).Findings – Acute fatigue was associated more strongly with exhaustion than with disengagement. Low-arousal negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between fatigue and exhaustion. High-arousal positive and negative emotions were partial mediators between fatigue and disengagement experienced by police officers.Research limitations/implications – The results show that high-arousal emotions were associated with changes in work motivation, while low-arousal negative emotions reduced energetic ability to work.Originality/value – This paper enhances understanding of burnout among police officers and the mediating role of emotions. The patterns of the relationships between fatigue, burnout and emotions are discussed in the context of the conservation of resources theory and the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.
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| 10. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue, vigor and dedication : the role of job-related emotions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Imagine the future world: How do we want to work tomorrow?. ; , s. 11-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the role of job-related positive and negative emotions between acute fatigue at work and engagement. We tested two components of engagement: vigor (energetic aspect) and dedication (motivational aspect). We hypothesized that negative emotions mediate in energy depletion process and positive emotions mediate in broadening of energetic and motivational resources.Design/Methodology. Fatigue was measured by an index in accordance with the Japan Society for Occupational Health. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – short version (UWES) was used to evaluate vigor and dedication (Schaufeli, Bakker, & Salanova, 2006). Job-related affective well-being (JAWS) was used to assess positive and negative emotions (Van Katwyk et al., 2000). The study group consisted of 174 police officers (the average tenure of 10 years, range 1–23).Results. Baron and Kenny approach and the Sobel test supported our hypotheses. Fatigue was more negative related to vigor than dedication. We observed that positive and negative emotions fully mediated between fatigue and vigor (large effect size f2 = .36). Additionally, positive emotions fully mediated between fatigue and dedication (medium effect size f2 = .16). We confirmed these results by the Sobel test.Limitations. The correlational design was applied.Research/Practical Implications. Our results indicate that in police officers positive emotions may lead to broadening of energetic and motivational resources.
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