| 1. |
- Lindroos, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The European Spallation Source
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 269:24, s. 3258-3260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2003 the joint European effort to design a European Spallation Source (ESS) resulted in a set of reports, and in May 2009 Lund was agreed to be the ESS site. The ESS Scandinavia office has since then worked on setting all the necessary legal and organizational matters in place so that the Design Update and construction can be started in January 2011, in collaboration with European partners. The Design Update phase is expected to end in 2012, to be followed by a construction phase, with first neutrons expected in 2018-2019. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 3. |
- Andreassen, Björn, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an efficient scanning and purging magnet system for IMRT with narrow high energy photon beams
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 612:1, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the clinical advantages of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) high flexibility and accuracy in intensity modulated dose delivery is desirable to really maximize treatment outcome. Although it is possible to deliver IMRT by using broad beams in combination with dynamic multileaf collimation the process is rather time consuming and inefficient. By using narrow scanned high energy photon beams the treatment outcome can be improved, the treatment time reduced and accurate 3D in vivo dose delivery monitoring is possible by PET-CT based dose delivery imaging of photo nuclear reactions in human tissues. Narrow photon beams can be produced by directing a low emittance high energy electron beam on a thin target, and then cleaning the therapeutic photon beam from transmitted high energy electrons, and photon generated charged leptons, with a dedicated purging magnet placed directly downstream of the target. To have an effective scanning and purging magnet system the purging magnet should be placed immediately after the bremsstrahlung target to deflect the transmitted electrons to an efficient electron stopper. In the static electron stopper the electrons should be safely collected independent of the desired direction of the therapeutic scanned photon beam. The SID (Source to Isocentre Distance) should preferably be short while retaining the ability to scan over a large area on the patient and consequently there are severe requirements both on the strength and the geometry of the scanning and purging magnets. In the present study an efficient magnet configuration with a purging and scanning magnet assembly is developed for electron energies in the 50-75 MeV range and a SID of 75 cm. For a bremsstrahlung target of 3mm Be these electron energies produce a photon beam of 25-17 mm FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) at a SID of 75 cm. The magnet system was examined both in terms of the efficiency in scanning the narrow bremsstrahlung beam and the deflection of transmitted and photon generated electrons. The simulations show that its is possible to have a scan area on the patient of up to 43 x 40 cm2 for an incident electron energy of 50 MeV and 28 x 40 cm2 at 75 MeV, while at the same time adequately deflecting the transmitted electron beam.
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| 4. |
- Andreassen, Björn, 1975-
(författare)
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Development of improved radiation therapy techniques using narrow scanned photon beams
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is focused on the development and application of narrow scanned high energy photon beam for radiation therapy. The introduction of physically and biologically optimized intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) requires a flexible and accurate dose delivery method to maximize the treatment outcome. Narrow scanned photon beams is a fast option for IMRT since it is not dependent on mechanically moving heavy collimator leafs and largely independent of the complexity of the desired dose distribution. Scanned photon beams can be produced by scanning an electron beam of low emittance, incident on a thin bremsstrahlung target of low atomic number. The large fraction of high energy electrons that are transmitted through the target has to be removed by a strong purging magnet. In the thesis a strong purging magnet, coupled with a magnetic scanning magnet, is presented for an intrinsic electron energy of 50 - 75 MeV and a source to isocenter distance of 75 cm. The available scan area at isocenter can be as large as 43 x 40 cm2 for an incident electron energy of 50 MeV and 28 x 40 cm2 at 75 MeV. By modifying the existing treatment head of the racetrack microtron MM50, it was possible to experimentally produce relevant dose distributions with interesting properties from 50 MV scanned narrow photon beams while deflecting the transmitted electrons onto a simplified electron stopper. The deflection of the transmitted electrons was studied both experimentally and by the Monte Carlo method. With high energy photons, treatment verification is possible through PET-CT imaging of the positron annihilations induced by photonuclear reactions in the patient. Narrow scanned high energy photon beams is the ideal beam quality since the activation efficiency and the effective photon energy will be more uniform than the filtered photon beam from a full range bremsstrahlung target. The induced 11C activity 50 MV by scanned narrow photon beams was measured using PET-CT imaging and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The combination of fast flexible dose delivery with treatment verification using PET-CT imaging makes narrow high energy scanned photon beams a very interesting treatment modality for biologically optimized adaptive radiation therapy.
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| 5. |
- Baussan, E., et al.
(författare)
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A very intense neutrino super beam experiment for leptonic CP violation discovery based on the European spallation source linac
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0550-3213 .- 1873-1562. ; 885, s. 127-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed in order to enable the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. We propose to use the proton linac of the European Spoliation Source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, to deliver, in parallel with the spoliation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective and high performance neutrino beam. The baseline program for the European Spoliation Source linac is that it will be fully operational at 5 MW average power by 2022, producing 2 GeV 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. Our proposal is to upgrade the linac to 10 MW average power and 28 Hz, producing 14 pulses/s for neutron production and 14 pulses/s for neutrino production. Furthermore, because of the high current required in the pulsed neutrino horn, the length of the pulses used for neutrino production needs to be compressed to a few mu s with the aid of an accumulator ring. A long baseline experiment using this Super Beam and a megaton underground Water Cherenkov detector located in existing mines 300-600 km from Lund will make it possible to discover leptonic CP violation at 5 sigma significance level in up to 50% of the leptonic Dirac CP-violating phase range. This experiment could also determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a significance level of more than 3 sigma if this issue will not already have been settled by other experiments by then. The mass hierarchy performance could be increased by combining the neutrino beam results with those obtained from atmospheric neutrinos detected by the same large volume detector. This detector will also be used to measure the proton lifetime, detect cosmological neutrinos and neutrinos from supernova explosions. Results on the sensitivity to leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy are presented.
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| 6. |
- Bungau, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Induced activation in accelerator components
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams. - 1098-4402. ; 17:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The residual activity induced in particle accelerators is a serious issue from the point of view of radiation safety as the long-lived radionuclides produced by fast or moderated neutrons and impact protons cause problems of radiation exposure for staff involved in the maintenance work and when decommissioning the facility. This paper presents activation studies of the magnets and collimators in the High Energy Beam Transport line of the European Spallation Source due to the backscattered neutrons from the target and also due to the direct proton interactions and their secondaries. An estimate of the radionuclide inventory and induced activation are predicted using the GEANT4 code.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eshraqi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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ESS Linac Beam Physics Design Update
- 2016
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Ingår i: ; , s. 947-950
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to bombard the tungsten target with the high intensity protons beam for producing intense beams of neutrons. The nominal average beam power of the linac is 5~MW with a peak beam power at target of 125~MW. This paper focuses on the beam dynamics design of the ESS linac and the diagnostics elements used for the tuning of the lattice and matching between sections.
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