| 1. |
- Botteldooren, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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An LAeq is not an LAeq.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966. ; 117:4, s. 2616-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Classical dose response relationships for environmental noise annoyance have been based on Ldn or Lden. These exposure measures are essentially based on an energy averaging measure, LAeq. Differences between groups of sources (e.g., continuous or event based) are accounted for by using separate dose-effect relationships. In society today, one often sees that event loudness is traded for number of events which is perfectly acceptable within the LAeq based annoyance concept. Clearly a more unified theory for noise annoyance is needed to fully account for the effect of such trade-offs. In this paper a model implementing such a theory is presented. The perceptual model starts from the premises that a sound event has to be noticed for it to contribute to overall annoyance. The model accounts for the fact that noticing a noise event not only depends on the level of the event itself but also on background noise, sound insulation and acoustic characteristics of the dwelling, level of attention, etc. The severity of the effect of a noticed sound on overall annoyance is assumed to primarily depend on the signal to noise ratio. The model allows to account for modifiers such as previous exposure, noise sensitivity, and coping. The model results are compared to the findings of a recent field experiment. Conclusions based on calculated and experimental trends are presented.
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| 2. |
- De Coensel, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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A model for the perception of environmental sound based on notice-events
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 126:2, s. 656-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anapproach is proposed to shed light on the mechanisms underlyinghuman perception of environmental sound that intrudes in everyday living.Most research on exposure-effect relationships aims at relating overall effectsto overall exposure indicators in an epidemiological fashion, without includingavailable knowledge on the possible underlying mechanisms. Here, it isproposed to start from available knowledge on audition and perceptionto construct a computational framework for the effect of environmentalsound on individuals. Obviously, at the individual level additional mechanisms(inter-sensory, attentional, cognitive, emotional) play a role in the perceptionof environmental sound. As a first step, current knowledge ismade explicit by building a model mimicking some aspects ofhuman auditory perception. This model is grounded in the hypothesisthat long-term perception of environmental sound is determined primarily byshort notice-events. The applicability of the notice-event model is illustratedby simulating a synthetic population exposed to typical Flemish environmentalnoise. From these simulation results, it is demonstrated that thenotice-event model is able to mimic the differences between theannoyance caused by road traffic noise exposure and railway trafficnoise exposure that are also observed empirically in other studiesand thus could provide an explanation for these differences.
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| 3. |
- De Coensel, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual constancy in auditory perception of distance to railway tracks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 134:1, s. 474-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distance to a sound source can be accurately estimated solely from auditory information. With a sound source such as a train that is passing by at a relatively large distance, the most important auditory information for the listener for estimating its distance consists of the intensity of the sound, spectral changes in the sound caused by air absorption, and the motion-induced rate of change of intensity. However, these cues are relative because prior information/experience of the sound source-its source power, its spectrum and the typical speed at which it moves-is required for such distance estimates. This paper describes two listening experiments that allow investigation of further prior contextual information taken into account by listeners-viz., whether they are indoors or outdoors. Asked to estimate the distance to the track of a railway, it is shown that listeners assessing sounds heard inside the dwelling based their distance estimates on the expected train passby sound level outdoors rather than on the passby sound level actually experienced indoors. This form of perceptual constancy may have consequences for the assessment of annoyance caused by railway noise.
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| 4. |
- De coensel, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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Soundscape classifying ants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proc. Inter-Noise 2007. ; , s. Paper IN07–431-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Toolbox from the EC FP7 HOSANNA project for the reduction of road and rail traffic noise in the outdoor environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena 2014, Paris, France. ; , s. 10-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper offers a brief overview of innovative methods for road and rail traffic noise reduction between sourceand receiver. These include using new barrier designs, planting of trees, treatments of ground and road surfacesand greening of building façades and roofs using natural materials, like vegetation, soil and other substrates incombination with recycled materials and artificial elements. The abatements are assessed in terms of numericallypredicted sound level reductions, perceptual effects and cost–benefit analysis. Useful reductions of noise fromurban roads and tramways are predicted for 1-m-high urban noise barriers and these are increased by addinginter-lane barriers. A 3 m wide 0.3 m high lattice ground treatment, a carefully planted 15-m-wide tree belt andreplacing 50 m of paved areas by grassland are predicted to give similar reductions. Tree belts are shown to bevery cost-effective and combining tall barriers with a row of trees reduces the negative impact of wind. Greenroofs may significantly reduce the noise at the quiet side of buildings.
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| 6. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder i utomhusmiljön för att minska buller från väg- och tågtrafik – resultat från EU-projektet HOSANNA
- 2013
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Ingår i: LjudBladet, Svenska akustiska sällskapet. - 1403-2317. ; 3, s. 16-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel ger en kort översikt av bulleråtgärder, resulterande från EU-projektet HOSANNA, för minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik under ljudets utbredning. Dessa verktyg inkluderar användning av ny skärmdesign, plantering av träd, förbättringar av mark- och vägytor samt vegetation på byggnadsfasader och tak, med hjälp av naturmaterial, såsom vegetation, jord och andra substrat i kombination med återvunnet material och artificiella element. De akustiska insättningsdämpningarna bedöms genom numeriska beräkningar, perceptuella effekter och kostnadsnyttoanalys. En betydande minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik förutsägs för ett 1-m-högt urbant bullerskydd. Detta kan förbättras, upp till ca 10 dB insättningsdämpning, genom att placera ytterligare skydd mellan körfälten. Ett 3 m brett och 0,3 m högt rutnät, ett omsorgsfullt planterat 15 m brett trädbälte samt att ersätta 50 meter asfalterad mark med gräsmark förutspås ge bullerminskningar om 5–8 dB, medan användning av fasadvegetation och gröna tak kan minska nivån på innergårdar med upp till ca 4 respektive 7 dB. Trädbälten visar sig vara mycket kostnadseffektiva och kombinationer av höga skärmar med en rad av träd minskar de negativa effekterna av vind på bullerskärmars insättningsdämpning. Gröna tak kan minska bullret på den tysta sidan av byggnader.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual effects of noise mitigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction. - : CRC Press. - 9780415675239 ; , s. 195-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise mitigation reduces the audibility of a noise source at the location of the receiver, making the source less annoying and less likely to interfere with activities, such as sleep, rest, and speech. Many mitigation methods change temporal and spectral properties of noise, which may influence perceived annoyance, over and above the effect related to the overall reduction in A-weighted sound pressure level. Noise reduction also may increase the noticeability of other sources, which may influence the perception of the overall acoustic environment. Finally, well-designed noise mitigation solutions may improve the visual environment, e.g., a vegetated noise barrier or earth berm can visually shield the traffic and increase the amount of visible greenery. This chapter provides examples of such perceptual effects of noise mitigation, from effects on perception of the noise itself, via effects on the soundscape, to potential effects on the overall audio-visual environment.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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NOVEL SOLUTIONS FOR QUIETER AND GREENER CITIES
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This brochure summarizes the main findings of the research project “HOlistic and Sustainable Abatement of Noise by optimized combinations of Natural and Artificial means” (HOSANNA). The project aimed to develop a toolbox for reducing road and rail traffic noise in outdoor environments by the optimal use of vegetation, soil, other natural materials and recycled materials in combination with artificial elements.
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| 10. |
- Torija, Antonia J., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between road and railway noise annoyance and overall indoor sound exposure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 16:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from a realistic experiment conducted using recorded traffic sounds, the relationship between indicators of magnitude, spectrum, and temporal evolution of the sonic environment and the reported annoyance are analyzed. The exposure is characterized by the binaurally recorded overall indoor sound. It is found that a series of parameters derived from multiple linear models related to the temporal and spectral structure of the sound pressure level produces better models than the overall indoor A-weighted equivalent noise level. The descriptors thus complement this indicator, at least when exposure is based on overall indoor sound. Principle components amongst the exposure indicators studied relate to the detectability of the sound indoors and to the typical temporal difference between road and rail traffic. Linear models based on these indicators also outperform models based on source related façade.
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