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| 2. |
- Armstrong, Chelsey, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropological contributions to historical ecology : 50 questions, infinite prospects
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.
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- Badenhorst, Shaw, et al.
(författare)
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Faunal remains from Chibuene, an Iron Age coastal trading station in central Mozambique
- 2011
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Ingår i: Southern African Humanities. - Pietermaritzburg, South Africa : KwaZulu-Natal Museum. - 1681-5564. ; 23, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the small faunal assemblage from the Iron Age coastal trading station of Chibuene, situated on the coastal littoral of central Mozambique. The faunal assemblage was excavated in 1995 and contains bones from a variety of animals, including livestock, chickens, wild game animals, as well as aquatic species such as turtles and fish. Fish, turtle and shark remains dominate the assemblage. The fauna from the first and second millennium AD occupations share similarities with other contemporaneous sites to the north on the East African coast, rather than with sites located in South Africa.
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- Boles, Oliver J. C., et al.
(författare)
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Historical Ecologies of Pastoralist Overgrazing in Kenya : Long-Term Perspectives on Cause and Effect
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 47:3, s. 419-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectre of overgrazing' looms large in historical and political narratives of ecological degradation in savannah ecosystems. While pastoral exploitation is a conspicuous driver of landscape variability and modification, assumptions that such change is inevitable or necessarily negative deserve to be continuously evaluated and challenged. With reference to three case studies from Kenya - the Laikipia Plateau, the Lake Baringo basin, and the Amboseli ecosystem - we argue that the impacts of pastoralism are contingent on the diachronic interactions of locally specific environmental, political, and cultural conditions. The impacts of the compression of rangelands and restrictions on herd mobility driven by misguided conservation and economic policies are emphasised over outdated notions of pastoralist inefficiency. We review the application of overgrazing' in interpretations of the archaeological record and assess its relevance for how we interpret past socio-environmental dynamics. Any discussion of overgrazing, or any form of human-environment interaction, must acknowledge spatio-temporal context and account for historical variability in landscape ontogenies.
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| 7. |
- Chakrabarti, Shreya, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 pandemic effects and responses in the Maasai Mara Conservancy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tourism and Hospitality Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1467-3584 .- 1742-9692. ; 0:0
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local comparisons of effects, responses and mitigations to the Covid-19 pandemic are of vital importance inbuilding a sustainable tourism. This is particularly the case for conservancies in Africa which is largely dependent on international tourism. Qualitative interviews were carried out in the Kenya Maasai Mara WildlifeConservancies Association (MMWCA)with landowners, lodge managers and staff, tourism operators, community organisations and NGOs between January and May 2021. The MMWCA is an important case study asconservancies pay lease payments to more than 14,528 landowners through tourism revenues. The results showhow partner conservancies took different paths in securing payments of leases and salaries by rotating staff,attracting international funding and by targeting domestic tourism. Meanwhile, landowners experimented withalternative economic activities such as cattle herding and diary production. The study shows the strength ofMMWCA as a stakeholder partnership to proactively design measures including renegotiation of leasepayments, in soliciting external funding and in re-distributing funding. The positive role of domestic tourismis also stressed. The pandemic brought to the forefront discussions on equity and benefit sharing and on thesustainability of the model itself. Recommendations are given to strengthen possibilities for alternative incomessources and for a diversification of strategies of the MMWCA partners, including the need to stimulate domestictourism as a parallel source of income. These recommendations are also relevant to conservation areas acrossthe African continent
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| 8. |
- Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forestin Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmsteadto sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. Thispaper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland,western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area nearKårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impactare charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca.ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250,possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomeryiron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollenassemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at thebeginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sitesin Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The studyhighlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.
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- Ekblom, Anneli
(författare)
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A cattle Country
- 2015
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Ingår i: Seminar. ; September:673
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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A Historical Ecology of the Limpopo and Kruger National Parks and Lower Limpopo Valley
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History. - Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. - 2001-1199. ; 1:1, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper uses new palaeo-ecological data and a selective review of archaeological and written sources to show how social and natural history over the last 1200 years have interacted to form the present day landscape of Limpopo National Park and Northern Kruger National Park. The long-term mosaic of different communities in this landscape, hunter and gatherers, pastoralists, farmers and traders has, over time, contributed to shape and reshape a heterogeneous landscape. While some features in this landscape, such as water scarcity, have remained stable over time, there have also been major transformations in both the physical landscape and social life. The natural mosaics have been utilised and enhanced over time and the combination of natural and cultural mosaics are reflected in the landscape through archaeological sites, the pollen record and in the present day landscape.
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