| 1. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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An Empirical Model for Forest Landscape Planning and its Financial Consequences for Landowners
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 36:7-8, s. 626-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite well-formulated goals for environmental protection in the forestry sector, the biodiversitycrisis remains. Protected habitats are often small, isolated and lack continuity. We studied forestplanning at a landscape scale as a method to increase habitat connectivity, and improveconservation values whilst maintaining high levels of forest production. We assessed the financialimpacts of landscape planning for the landowners, and present a fee-fund system to solveunequal burdens among them. As case studies, we used three landscapes along a latitudinalgradient in Sweden. The results demonstrate some variation between the landscapes in terms ofthe total cost for set asides and large differences in terms of the financial impact per landowner.Our conclusion is that forest landscape planning may be a way forward to improve conservationefforts, but given the variation in financial impacts, we propose to combine landscape planningwith economic tools for compensation.
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| 2. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Planning on a wider scale : Swedish forest owners' preferences for landscape policy attributes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 104, s. 170-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tax-fund system has been proposed to advance Swedish forest conservation. We present a choice experiment with Swedish private forest owners on preferences for attributes of a tax-fund system. Focusing on three aspects: (i) freedom to choose set-asides, (ii) equity issues, and (iii) frequency of nature inventories, we find two groups of forest owners. The first is opposed to interventions that could curtail liberty and oppose frequent nature inventories, while a smaller group would derive positive utility from jointly deciding on the location of set-asides with society. Both groups have a preference for changing the current tax-base to soil productivity or timber volume. The tax-base chosen together with the modalities of re-distributing the funds will determine the program's efficiency. The paper concludes that a tax-fund system could indeed be a way forward but would need to be designed in a participatory manner to reconcile forest owners, forest industry representatives, and conservationists.
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| 3. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Planning on a Wider Scale – Swedish Forest Owners’ Preferences for Landscape Policy Attributes
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A tax-fund system has been proposed to advance Swedish forest conservation. We present a choice experiment with Swedish private forest owners on preferences for attributes of a taxfund system. Focusing on three aspects: (i) freedom to choose set-asides, (ii) equity issues, and (iii) frequency of nature inventories, we find two groups of forest owners. The first is opposed to interventions that could curtail liberty and oppose frequent nature inventories, while a smaller group would derive positive utility from joint decision-making. A tax-fund system would need to be designed in a participatory manner to reconcile forest owners, forest industry, and conservationists.
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| 6. |
- Ekvall, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Ash recycling : a method to improve forest production or to restore acidified surface waters?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 45, s. 42-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cost-benefit analysis compared different strategies for ash recycling in southern Swedish forests, with a special emphasis on the potential to use ash recycling as a measure to ameliorate acidification of soils and surface waters caused by acid deposition. Benefit transfer was used to estimate use values for sport fishing and non-use values in terms of existence values. The results show that the optimal share of acidified forest land that should be treated with ash depends on how optimistic one is about the effect of using ash to restore lakes and streams from acidification. More optimistic assumptions imply that the ash to larger extent should be used to ameliorate acidification. Using the most realistic assumption, given the experiences of forest liming, shows that acidified forest land should not be treated with ash with the aim of restoring lakes and streams from acidification. From a socioeconomic point of view, ash simply does more good as fertilizer on forested organic soils.(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Ekvall, Hans
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of measures to improve biodiversity in Swedish forests
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the cost-effectiveness of measures, which improve biodiversity among life forms dependent on coarse woody debris (CWD). The amount of CWD in forest land has decreased due to modern forest management. The wood of the trees is an important source of income for the forest owner and there is an undeniable conflict between increasing the amount of CWD and the economics of silviculture. To gain acceptance among forest owners of an increased retention of trees as potential CWD substrate, it is important that CWD-increasing measures are performed in a cost-effective manner, which means that the cost to attain a specific level of CWD is as low as possible. Calculations were performed of CWD formed and opportunity costs of forest stands from three regions in Sweden. Norway spruce was the prime study object but analysis of mixed stands of Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch or aspen were carried out as well. The cost-efficiency of seven conservation measures, which aim to increase CWD in managed forests, was analysed. In all regions the same pattern was obtained regarding ranking order of five measures; retention of snags was the most cost-effective measure, followed by creating high stumps, manual scarification and retention of living trees, and finally prolongation of rotation as the least cost-effective measure. Setting aside a stand as a reserve, and retention of wind-thrown trees showed an increasing cost with increasing land productivity. Estimating the cost-efficiency factor for different CWD-increasing measures in mixed stands revealed that birch and aspen were more cost-effective than Norway spruce and Scots pine. In a multiple stand context the least-cost allocation of conservation measures depends on the desired increase in CWD. Analysing the choice of cost-effective CWD-increasing measures on a Norway spruce dominated estate in central Sweden showed that huge improvements in the cost-effectiveness of biodiversity-oriented forestry are possible.
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| 8. |
- Ekvall, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Least-Cost Allocation of Measures to Increase the Amount of Coarse Woody Debris in Forest Estates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Forest Economics. - : Now Publishers. - 1104-6899 .- 1618-1530. ; 19:3, s. 267-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coarse woody debris (CWD) is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in forests but conservation measures to increase CWD must be performed cost efficiently. We estimate least-cost combinations of CWD-increasing measures in a spruce-dominated Swedish forest estate. Specifically, we investigate how using combinations of the measures tree retention, creating high stumps, manual scarification, prolonged rotations, and retention of dying trees impacts the amount of CWD and net present value at the estate level. We found that by combining CWD-increasing measures in an optimal way the amount of CWD on the estate could be increased 322% with a decrease in present value of only 10%. The optimal combination of conservation measures depends on the desired increase in CWD. The analysis thus shows that huge improvements in cost-efficiency of biodiversity-oriented forestry are possible.
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