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Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth offers a systematic examination of Precambrian cratons and supercontinents. Through detailed maps of drift histories and paleogeography of each continent, this book examines topics related to Earth’s tectonic evolution prior to Pangea, including plate kinematics, orogenic development, and paleoenvironments. Additionally, this book discusses the methodologies used, principally paleomagnetism and tectonostratigraphy, and addresses geophysical topics of mantle dynamics and geodynamo evolution over billions of years. Structured clearly with consistent coverage for Precambrian cratons, this book combines state-of-the-art paleomagnetic and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Earth in the context of major climatic events such as global glaciations. It is an ideal, up-to>date reference for geoscientists and geographers looking for answers to questions surrounding the tectonic evolution of Earth.
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| 3. |
- Berthelsen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Recording marine airgun shots at offsets between 300 and 700 km
- 1991
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 18:4, s. 645-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper demonstrates that - under favorable conditions - by using multichannel recording and subsequent stacking of adjacent records marine airgun shots have been detected at offset distances up to 700 km, the maximum offset at which the authors attempted to record data.^Besides a powerful airgun array, a low noise environment at the recording site and the elimination of static shifts are the prerequisites to obtain refracted and reflected arrivals from the crust and upper mantle at such large offsets.^Primary arrivals detected at offsets between 400 and 700 km image the upper mantle from 70 to about 120 km depth.^Stacking of neighboring shots and/or receivers successfully increases the signal-to-noise ratio, if the traces have been corrected for offset differences, which requires knowledge of the apparent phase velocities.^The data presented here were collected in autumn 1989 during the BABEL Project on the Baltic Shield.
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| 4. |
- Bispo-Santos, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Columbia revisited : paleomagnetic results from the 1790 Ma colider volcanics (SW Amazonian Craton, Brazil)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 164:1-2, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to improve our understanding of the Paleoproterozoic geodynamic evolution, a paleomagnetic study was performed on 10 sites of acid volcanic rocks of the Colider Suite, southwestern Amazonian Craton. These rocks have a well-dated zircon U-Pb mean age of 1789 +/- 7 Ma. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed northern (southern) directions with moderate to high upward (downward) inclinations. Rock magnetism experiments and magnetic mineralogy show that this characteristic magnetization is carried by Ti-poor magnetite or by hematite that replaces magnetite by late-magmatic cleuteric alteration. Both magnetite and hematite carry the same characteristic component. The mean direction (Dm = 183.0 degrees, Im = 53.5 degrees, N = 10, alpha(95) = 9.8 degrees, K = 25.2) yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 298.8 degrees E, 63.3 degrees S (alpha(95) = 10.2 degrees, K = 23.6), which is classified with a quality factor Q = 5. Paleogeographic reconstructions using this pole and other reliable Paleoproterozoic poles suggest that Laurentia, Baltica, North China Craton and Amazonian Craton were located in laterally contiguous positions forming a large continental mass at 1790 Ma ago. This is reinforced by geological evidence which support the existence of the supercontinent Columbia in Paleoproterozoic times.
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| 5. |
- Bispo-Santos, F., et al.
(författare)
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Paleomagnetism of paleoproterozoic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks of the Rio Negro-Juruena Province, Southwestern Amazonian Craton, Brazil
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several paleogeographic configurations for the Amazonian Craton have been suggested along its geological history. Paleomagnetic tests for suggested configurations are however restricted due to very sparce and low quality paleomagnetic data, especially for Paleoproterozoic. In an attempt to improve our understanding of the geodynamic evolution, a paleomagnetic study was performed on felsic volcanic rocks of the Colider Suite, and associated mafic rocks in the Rio Negro-Juruena Province, southwestern Amazonian Craton. These rocks have well dated zircon U-Pb ages between 1.80-1.78 Ga. Very stable northern (southern) directions with moderate to steep negative (positive) inclinations were isolated during AF and thermal demagnetization. Rock magnetism experiments show that the magnetization, which is probably of primary origin, in the felsic rocks is carried by hematite and in the mafic rocks by Ti-poor titanomagnetite. A preliminary mean direction (D=187.4°, I=50.9°, N=16, A95=11.3°, K=11.7) yield a paleomagnetic pole located at 289.4°E, 65.4°S (A95=12.9°), which is classified with quality factor of Q=5. Paleogeographic reconstructions using key Paleoproterozoic poles suggest that Laurentia, Baltica, North China, and Amazonian Craton were located in laterally contiguous positions forming a large continental mass at 1.83-1.77 Ga ago.
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| 7. |
- Bispo-Santos, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Tectonic implications of the 1419 Ma Nova Guarita mafic intrusives paleomagnetic pole (Amazonian Craton) on the longevity of Nuna
- 2012
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 196-197, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nuna supercontinent was probably assembled in the Paleoproterozoic, but its paleogeography and the timing for its demise are still a matter of debate. A paleomagnetic and geochronological study carried out on the Mesoproterozoic Nova Guarita dyke swarm (northern Mato Grosso State, SW Amazonian Craton) provides additional constraints on the duration of this supercontinent. Paleomagnetic AF and thermal treatment revealed south/southwest (northeast) magnetic directions with downward (upward) inclinations for nineteen analyzed sites. These directions are carried by PSD magnetite with high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic curves, hysteresis loops and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanence in selected samples. A positive contact test with the host granite in one of the studied dykes further attests to the primary origin of the characteristic magnetic component. A mean site direction was calculated at Dm = 220.5°, Im = 45.9° (α95 = 6.5°, K = 27.7), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 245.9°E, 47.9°S (A95 = 7.0°). 40Ar/39Ar dating carried out on biotites from four analyzed dykes yielded well-defined plateau ages with a mean of 1418.5 ± 3.5 Ma. The Nova Guarita pole precludes a long-lived Nuna configuration in which Laurentia, Baltica, North China, and Amazonia formed a long and continuous block as previously proposed for the Paleoproterozoic. It is nevertheless fully compatible with a SAMBA (Amazonia-Baltica) link at Mesoproterozoic times.
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| 8. |
- Buchan, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the drift of Laurentia and baltica in the Proterozoic : the importance of key palaeomagnetic poles
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 319:3, s. 167-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key palaeomagnetic poles are defined as those which pass basic reliability criteria and are precisely and accurately dated. They allow a more rigorous analysis of Precambrian continental drift and continental reconstructions than the traditional apparent polar wander path (APWP) approach using mostly non-key poles. Between ca. 2.45 and 2.00 Ga in the early Palaeoproterozoic, key poles define the drift of the Archaean Superior craton of Laurentia, yielding a result that is quite unlike the drift interpreted in earlier studies using the APWP method. There are no early Palaeoproterozoic key poles for the other Archaean cratons that amalgamated to form Laurentia and Baltica prior to 1.8 Ga, so that a rigorous test of early Palaeoproterozoic reconstruction models is not possible. Key poles from Laurentia between ca. 1.46 and 1.267 Ga and Baltica between 1.63 and 1.265 Ga help to define, in a preliminary fashion, the early Mesoproterozoic drift of the two shields. The key pole age match at ca. 1.265 Ga is consistent with Baltica located adjacent to eastern Greenland, and geological considerations suggest that the most reasonable fit aligns the Labradorian belt of Laurentia with the Gothian belt of Baltica. Although there is limited support from non-key poles and key poles that are not matched in age for such a fit as early as ca. 1.8 Ga, no rigorous assessment will be possible until a match in key pole ages is achieved. In the late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic, Laurentia's drift is reasonably well documented by seven key poles between 1.235 and 0.73 Ga. There are no key poles in this period from Baltica, however, so that a ≈90° clockwise rotation of Baltica relative to Laurentia between 1.265 and 1.0 Ga, widely used in the literature, cannot be confirmed.
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| 9. |
- Buchan, Kenneth L., et al.
(författare)
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Rodinia : the evidence from integrated palaeomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology
- 2001
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 110:1-4, s. 9-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of many hundreds of well-defined palaeomagnetic poles that have been reported from cratons around the world in the 1700-500 Ma period, only a few are precisely dated. However, such ‘key' palaeopoles are a prerequisite for establishing rigorous palaeomagnetic reconstructions in order to chart the assembly, drift and breakup of the postulated late Precambrian supercontinent of Rodinia. Most key palaeopoles are derived from mafic dykes and sills that have been dated by U-Pb techniques. Most are from Laurentia, the largest and best studied of the continental fragments that are thought to have comprised Rodinia. Thirteen key Laurentia palaeopoles form an incomplete reference set that can be used for comparison with key palaeopoles from other cratons as they become available. Currently, there are four key palaeopoles for Baltica between 1700 and 500 Ma, although only one allows a direct comparison with a similar aged pole from Laurentia. The 1265 Ma match between Baltica and Laurentia is consistent with reconstructions in which Baltica is adjacent to present-day east Greenland, with the ca. 1700-1500 Ma Gothian and Labradorian belts aligned. Few key palaeopoles are yet available from other cratons. However, recent U-Pb dating of dykes, sills, or volcanic rocks in the Siberian, Australian and Kalahari cratons and in Coats Land of Antarctica constrains the ages of individual palaeopoles from each of these areas. Most of these are not key palaeopoles because they have not been conclusively demonstrated to be primary, or local tectonic rotations have not been ruled out. Nevertheless, they are useful in testing Rodinia reconstructions. In this paper, a U-Pb baddeleyite age is reported from the late Gardar magmatic rocks of southwest Greenland. Along with the previously published palaeopole for this unit, this age helps constrain the Mesoproterozoic location of southwest Greenland relative to North America.
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