| 1. |
- Almkvist, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Rättegångskostnader i förenklade tvistemål
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 0039-6591. ; , s. 150-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I de allra flesta tvistemål är det av central betydelse vad rättsprocessen kan komma att kosta och vilken part som slutligen ska bära de olika kostnaderna. Trots det har reglerna om rättegångskostnader fått förhållandevis liten uppmärksamhet i juridisk doktrin och debatt. I synnerhet gäller detta de förenklade tvistemålen, där möjligheten att få ersättning för ombudsarvode är kraftigt begränsad. I artikeln görs en grundlig genomgång av den inte helt lättillgängliga bestämmelsen i 18 kap. 8 a § rättegångsbalken, som reglerar frågan vad som ersätts som rättegångskostnad i dessa mål, vars tvisteföremål understiger ett halvt prisbasbelopp. Utifrån en analys av särregleringens huvudsyfte, att möjliggöra för den enskilde att tillvarata sin rätt till låga och förutsebara kostnader, ifrågasätts om inte nuvarande ordning i flera avseenden får olyckliga konsekvenser. En enklare bestämmelse som i stället bygger på ett kostnadstak förespråkas.
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| 2. |
- Caraballo, Rémi, et al.
(författare)
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Triazole linker-based trivalent sialic acid inhibitors of adenovirus type 37 infection of human corneal epithelial cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 13:35, s. 9194-9205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) is one of the principal agents responsible for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe ocular infection that remains without any available treatment. Recently, a trivalent sialic acid derivative (ME0322, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 6519) was shown to function as a highly potent inhibitor of Ad37, efficiently preventing the attachment of the virion to the host cells and subsequent infection. Here, new trivalent sialic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory properties against Ad37 infection of the human corneal epithelial cells were investigated. In comparison to ME0322, the best compound (17a) was found to be over three orders of magnitude more potent in a cell-attachment assay (IC50 = 1.4 nM) and about 140 times more potent in a cell-infection assay (IC50 = 2.9nM). X-ray crystallographic analysis demonstrated a trivalent binding mode of all compounds to the Ad37 fiber knob. For the most potent compound ophthalmic toxicity in rabbits was investigated and it was concluded that repeated eye administration did not cause any adverse effects.
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| 3. |
- Chandra, Naresh, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Sialic Acid-Containing Glycans as Cellular Receptors for Ocular Human Adenoviruses : Implications for Tropism and Treatment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are the most common cause of ocular infections. Species B human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-B3) causes pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), whereas HAdV-D8, -D37, and -D64 cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Recently, HAdV-D53, -D54, and -D56 emerged as new EKC-causing agents. HAdV-E4 is associated with both PCF and EKC. We have previously demonstrated that HAdV-D37 uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, and the virus interaction with SA is mediated by the knob domain of the viral fiber protein. Here, by means of cell-based assays and using neuraminidase (a SA-cleaving enzyme), we investigated whether ocular HAdVs other than HAdV-D37 also use SA-containing glycans as receptors on HCE cells. We found that HAdV-E4 and -D56 infect HCE cells independent of SAs, whereas HAdV-D53 and -D64 use SAs as cellular receptors. HAdV-D8 and -D54 fiber knobs also bound to cell-surface SAs. Surprisingly, HCE cells were found resistant to HAdV-B3 infection. We also demonstrated that the SA-based molecule i.e., ME0462, designed to bind to SA-binding sites on the HAdV-D37 fiber knob, efficiently prevents binding and infection of several EKC-causing HAdVs. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed a direct interaction between ME0462 and fiber knobs. Altogether, we demonstrate that SA-containing glycans serve as receptors for multiple EKC-causing HAdVs, and, that SA-based compound function as a broad-spectrum antiviral against known and emerging EKC-causing HAdVs.
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| 4. |
- Elofsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of climate information on milk demand : Evidence from a field experiment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9192 .- 1873-5657. ; 58, s. 14-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that carbon labelling of food, on voluntary or non-voluntary basis, could reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the influence of such labels on consumer purchases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether voluntary carbon labelling affects the demand for milk. A randomized field experiment was conducted in 17 retail stores in Sweden, where a sign provided consumers with qualitative information about the carbon impact of climate-certified milk. The results suggest that the sign increased the demand for the climate-certified milk by approximately 6-8%, and the result is robust to alternative model specifications. The effect is entirely driven by large stores, such as supermarkets. We find no statistically significant impact on total milk sales, and the dataset is too small to verify the consequences for other milk brands. The effect on the demand for the labelled milk is short-lived.
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| 5. |
- Hanski, Leena, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitory Activity of the Isoflavone Biochanin A on Intracellular Bacteria of Genus Chlamydia and Initial Development of a Buccal Formulation
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the established role of Chlamydia spp. as causative agents of both acute and chronic diseases, search for new antimicrobial agents against these intracellular bacteria is required to promote human health. Isoflavones are naturally occurring phytoestrogens, antioxidants and efflux pump inhibitors, but their therapeutic use is limited by poor water-solubility and intense first-pass metabolism. Here, we report on effects of isoflavones against C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis and describe buccal permeability and initial formulation development for biochanin A. Biochanin A was the most potent Chlamydia growth inhibitor among the studied isoflavones, ;with an IC50=12 mu M on C. pneumoniae inclusion counts and 6.5 mu M on infectious progeny production, both determined by immunofluorescent staining of infected epithelial cell cultures. Encouraged by the permeation of biochanin A across porcine buccal mucosa without detectable metabolism, oromucosal film formulations were designed and prepared by a solvent casting method. The film formulations showed improved dissolution rate of biochanin A compared to powder or a physical mixture, presumably due to the solubilizing effect of hydrophilic additives and presence of biochanin A in amorphous state. In summary, biochanin A is a potent inhibitor of Chlamydia spp., and the in vitro dissolution results support the use of a buccal formulation to potentially improve its bioavailability in antichlamydial or other pharmaceutical applications.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Emil, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring divalent conjugates of 5-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid as inhibitors of coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) transduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 12:4, s. 2319-2331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is responsible for several outbreaks and two pandemics of the highly contagious eye infection acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Currently, neither prevention (vaccines) nor treatments (antivirals) are available for combating this disease. CVA24v attaches to cells by binding Neu5Ac-containing glycans on the surface of cells which facilitates entry. Previously, we have demonstrated that pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates attenuate CVA24v infection of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. In this study, we report on the structure-based design of three classes of divalent Neu5Ac conjugates, with varying spacer lengths, and their effect on CVA24v transduction in HCE cells. In relative terms, the most efficient class of divalent Neu5Ac conjugates are more efficient than the pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates previously reported.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Emil, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the effect of structure-based scaffold hopping on the inhibition of coxsackievirus a24v transduction by pentavalent n-acetylneuraminic acid conjugates
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is the primary causative agent of the highly contagious eye infection designated acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). It is solely responsible for two pandemics and several recurring outbreaks of the disease over the last decades, thus affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. To date, no antiviral agents or vaccines are available for combating this disease, and treatment is mainly supportive. CVA24v utilizes Neu5Ac-containing glycans as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. We have previously reported that pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates based on a glucose-scaffold inhibit CVA24v infection of human corneal epithelial cells. In this study, we report on the design and synthesis of scaffold-replaced pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates and their effect on CVA24v cell transduction and the use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study the binding of these multivalent conjugates to CVA24v. The results presented here provide insights into the development of Neu5Ac-based inhibitors of CVA24v and, most significantly, the first application of cryo-EM to study the binding of a multivalent ligand to a lectin.
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