| 1. |
- Endisch, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Evaluated by Brain Autopsy and Neuroprognostication after Cardiac Arrest
- 2020
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In: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149. ; 77:11, s. 1430-1439
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Importance: Neuroprognostication studies are potentially susceptible to a self-fulfilling prophecy as investigated prognostic parameters may affect withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. Objective: To compare the results of prognostic parameters after cardiac arrest (CA) with the histopathologically determined severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) obtained from autopsy results. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a retrospective, 3-center cohort study of all patients who died following cardiac arrest during their intensive care unit stay and underwent autopsy between 2003 and 2015, postmortem brain histopathologic findings were compared with post-CA brain computed tomographic imaging, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, somatosensory-evoked potentials, and serum neuron-specific enolase levels obtained during the intensive care unit stay. Data analysis was conducted from 2015 to 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: The severity of HIE was evaluated according to the selective eosinophilic neuronal death (SEND) classification and patients were dichotomized into categories of histopathologically severe and no/mild HIE. Results: Of 187 included patients, 117 were men (63%) and median age was 65 (interquartile range, 58-74) years. Severe HIE was found in 114 patients (61%) and no/mild HIE was identified in 73 patients (39%). Severe HIE was found in all 21 patients with bilaterally absent somatosensory-evoked potentials, all 15 patients with gray-white matter ratio less than 1.10 on brain computed tomographic imaging, all 9 patients with suppressed EEG, 15 of 16 patients with burst-suppression EEG, and all 29 patients with neuron-specific enolase levels greater than 67 μg/L more than 48 hours after CA without confounders. Three of 7 patients with generalized periodic discharges on suppressed background and 1 patient with burst-suppression EEG had a SEND 1 score (<30% dead neurons) in the cerebral cortex, but higher SEND scores (>30% dead neurons) in other oxygen-sensitive brain regions. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, histopathologic findings suggested severe HIE after cardiac arrest in patients with bilaterally absent cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials, gray-white matter ratio less than 1.10, highly malignant EEG, and serum neuron-specific enolase concentration greater than 67 μg/L.
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| 2. |
- Mayer, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Adaptive Production Control with Negotiating Agents in Modular Assembly Systems
- 2019
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In: Proceedings 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC 2019. - : IEEE. - 9781728145693 ; , s. 120-127
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing number of product variants caused by individualization drives industry to develop flexible modular assembly systems. In such systems, automated guided vehicles handle the material transport between decoupled workstations. This enables jobs to be flexibly routed through production, utilizing order and operation flexibility. Order flexibility denotes a partially flexible order of a job's operations, whereas operation flexibility is given, if at least one operation of a job is allocatable to more than one workstation. Managing the given flexibility and coordinating the automated guided vehicles in real production environments requires robust control algorithms. Exploiting the potential of Industry 4.0, this work presents a negotiation-based agent approach by decentralizing the problem: A job release agent defines the points in time and the product types of released jobs. Job routing agents negotiate with workstation agents to schedule their operations by minimizing makespan. Finally, a vehicle agent organizes the transports from workstation to workstation. The agent system has been successfully evaluated and achieved better results than earlier implementations.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Look-ahead controls of heavy duty trucks on open roads - six benchmark solutions
- 2019
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In: Control Engineering Practice. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0967-0661 .- 1873-6939. ; 83, s. 45-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A benchmark problem for fuel efficient control of a truck on a given road profile has been formulated and solved. Six different solution strategies utilizing varying degrees of off-line and on-line computations are described and compared. A vehicle model is used to benchmark the solutions on different driving missions. The vehicle model was presented at the IFAC AAC2016 symposium and is compiled from model components validated in previous research projects. The driving scenario is provided as a road slope profile and a desired trip time. The problem to solve is a combination of engine-, driveline- and vehicle-control while fulfilling demands on emissions, driving time, legislative speed, and engine protections. The strength of this publication is the collection of all six different solutions in one paper. This paper is intended to provide a starting point for practicing engineers or researchers who work with optimal and/or model based vehicle control.
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| 4. |
- Mayer, S., et al.
(author)
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Standardized framework for evaluating centralized and decentralized control systems in modular assembly systems
- 2019
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In: Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728145693 ; , s. 113-119
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Addressing the need for more flexible modular assembly systems due to an increasing number of product variants, industry utilizes the capabilities of cyber-physical production systems, where automated guided vehicles handle the transport of materials. Such systems require complex control algorithms managing the given flexibility and coordinating the cyber-physical entities. Control algorithms can be organized either in a centralized or decentralized manner. For the development and the performance evaluation of both types of algorithms, no standardized framework exists using the same boundary conditions. Following the principles of virtual commissioning, this work presents a framework composed of three elements: A simulation model representing a modular assembly system, a multi-agent system incorporating centralized or decentralized control logic, and an interface for data-exchange. The framework has been successfully validated implementing a centralized approach, where the system followed a global schedule and a decentralized approach, where a bidding-based agent-system controlled the production flow.
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