| 1. |
- Langhelle, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on post-resuscitation care: the Utstein style
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 66:3, s. 271-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this report is to establish recommendations for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research during the post-resuscitation period in hospital. It defines data that are needed for research and more specialised registries and therefore supplements the recently updated Utstein template for resuscitation registries. The updated Utstein template and the out-of-hospital "Chain of Survival" describe factors of importance for successful resuscitation up until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Several factors in the in-hospital phase after ROSC are also likely to affect the ultimate outcome of the patient. Large differences in survival to hospital discharge for patients admitted alive are reported between hospitals. Therapeutic hypothermia has been demonstrated to improve the outcome, and other factors such as blood glucose, haemodynamics, ventilatory support, etc., might also influence the result. No generally accepted, scientifically based protocol exists for the post-resuscitation period in hospital, other than general brain-oriented intensive care. There is little published information on this in-hospital phase. This statement is the result of a scientific consensus development process started as a symposium by a task force at the Utstein Abbey, Norway, in September 2003. Suggested data are defined as core and supplementary and include the following categories: pre-arrest co-morbidity and functional status, cause of death, patients' quality of life, in-hospital system factors, investigations and treatment, and physiological data at various time points during the first three days after admission. It is hoped that the publication of these recommendations will encourage research into the in-hospital post-resuscitation phase, which we propose should be included in the chain-of-survival as a fifth ring. Following these recommendations should enable better understanding of the impact of different in-hospital treatment strategies on outcome.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Engdahl, Johan, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Localization of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Goteborg 1994-2002 and implications for public access defibrillation
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 64:2, s. 171-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the locality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the city of Goteborg and to identify implications for public access defibrillation (PAD). METHODS: Ambulance run reports for the years 1994-2002 were studied retrospectively and manually to establish the location of the cardiac arrest. RESULTS: The location could be identified in 2194 of 2197 patients (99.9%). One thousand four hundred and twenty-nine (65%) of the arrests took place in the victims' homes. Two hundred eighty-five (13%) were outdoors and 57 (3%) in cars. Fifty-one (2%) took place en route in ambulances. These arrests were regarded not to be generally suitable for PAD. One hundred thirty-five (6%) of the arrests happened in a public building. Eighteen of these 135 were in 15 different general practitioners' offices. A ferry terminal had 11 cardiac arrests. One hundred fifty (7%) of the arrests took place in different care facilities. Twenty-one (1%) patients had their cardiac arrest in public transport locations. Twenty-two (1%) patients arrested at work in 20 different sites. In total, 17% of the cardiac arrests were regarded as generally suitable for PAD. Several sites with more than one cardiac arrest in five years could be identified and 54 patients (2.5%) had their cardiac arrest in these high-incidence sites. CONCLUSION: Among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Goteborg in whom resuscitation efforts were attempted 17% of all cardiac arrests were regarded as generally suitable for PAD. According to previous suggestions, the indication for public access defibrillation is in a place with a reasonable probability of use of one AED in 5 years. Several high-incidence sites that probably would benefit from defibrillator availability could be identified, and 54 patients (2.5%) arrested in these sites.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1468-201X .- 1355-6037. ; 90:10, s. 1114-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether subgroups of patients with no chance of survival can be defined among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: Patients in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry who fulfilled the following criteria were surveyed: cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted; the arrest was not crew witnessed; and patients were found in a non-shockable rhythm. SETTING: Various ambulance organisations in Sweden. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. RESULTS: Among the 16,712 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the following factors were independently associated with a lower chance of survival one month after cardiac arrest: no bystander CPR; non-witnessed cardiac arrest; cardiac arrest occurring at home; increasing interval between call for and arrival of the ambulance; and increasing age. When these factors were considered simultaneously two groups with no survivors were defined. In both groups patients were found in a non-shockable rhythm, no bystander CPR was attempted, the arrest was non-witnessed, the arrest took place at home. In one group the interval between call for and arrival of ambulance exceeded 12 minutes. In the other group patients were older than 80 years and the interval between call for and arrival of the ambulance exceeded eight minutes. CONCLUSION: Among patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and were found in a non-shockable rhythm the following factors were associated with a low chance of survival: no bystander CPR, non-witnessed cardiac arrest, the arrest took place at home, increasing interval between call for and arrival of ambulance, and increasing age. When these factors were considered simultaneously, groups with no survivors could be defined. In such groups the ambulance crew may refrain from starting CPR.
|
|
| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in demographic factors and mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Coron Artery Dis. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 16:1, s. 51-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe changes between 1992 and 2003 in age, sex, factors at resuscitation and survival among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study including various ambulance organizations in Sweden. Patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1992 and 2003 included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry were followed for survival to 1 month. RESULTS: In all 19 791 cases took part in the survey. There was a slight increase in mean age from 68 to 70 years (P = 0.025) and an increase of females from 29 to 32% (P = 0.0001). There was a change in witnessed status (P < 0.0001) with an increase in crew-witnessed cases and a decrease in non-witnessed cases. There was a decrease in cases of a cardiac etiology from 75 to 61% (P < 0.0001) and a decrease in the percentage found in ventricular fibrillation from 36 to 25% (P < 0.0001). When crew-witnessed cases were excluded the proportion receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increased from 30 to 42% (P < 0.0001). There was a slight increase in the overall proportion of patients hospitalized alive from 16 to 20% (P = 0.032). There was no significant change in the overall proportion of survivors at 1 month after cardiac arrest (4.5% in 1992 and 5.0% in 2003). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden some changes took place. The most important ones were a decrease in the proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation and an increase in the proportion of patients receiving bystander CPR. The proportion of patients admitted alive to hospital increased moderately, whereas the proportion of patients alive after 1 month remained unchanged.
|
|
| 7. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics and outcome among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 64:1, s. 37-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the characteristics, outcome and prognostic factors among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. METHODS: Patients aged below 18 years suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest which were not crew witnessed and included in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry were included in the survey. This survey included the period 1990-2001 and 60 ambulance organisations covering 85% of the Swedish population (8 million inhabitants). RESULTS: In all 457 children participated in the survey of which 32% were bystander witnessed and 68% received bystander CPR. Ventricular fibrillation was found in 6% of the cases. The overall survival to 1 month was 4%. The aetiology was sudden infant death syndrome in 34% and cardiac in 11%. When in a multivariate analysis considering age, sex, witnessed status, bystander CPR, initial rhythm, aetiology and the interval between call for, and arrival of, the ambulance and place of arrest only one appeared as an independent predictor of an increased chance of surviving cardiac arrest occurring outside home (adjusted odds ratio 8.7; 95% CL 2.2-58.1). CONCLUSION: Among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden that were not crew witnessed, the overall survival is low (4%). The chance of survival appears to be markedly increased if the arrest occurs outside the patients home compared with at home. No other strong predictors for an increased chance of survival could be demonstrated.
|
|
| 8. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Decrease in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially observed arrhythmia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 11 years in Sweden
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 60:3, s. 283-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the change in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as initially observed arrhythmia among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. PATIENTS: All patients included in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry between 1991 until 2001. The registry covers 85% of the population in Sweden. METHODS: All patients with bystander witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry between 1991 and 2001 from the same ambulance organisation each year were included in the survey. RESULTS: Over 11 years, among patients in Sweden with a bystander witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted (n = 9666), the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially obseved arrhythmia decreased from 45% in 1991 to 28% in 2001 (P < 0.0001) if the arrest occurred at home, and from 57% to 41% if the arrest occurred outside home (P < 0.0001). This was found despite the fact that the proportion who received bystander CPR increased from 29% in 1991 to 39% in 2001 if the arrest occurred at home (P < 0.0001) and from 54% to 60% if the arrest occurred outside home (NS). There was a significant increase in age among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at home, no change in the estimated interval between collapse and call but an increase in the interval between call and arrival of the ambulance among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outside home. CONCLUSION: During 11 years in Sweden, there was a marked decrease in the proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation among patients with a bystander witnessed cardiac arrest regardless whether the arrest occurred at home or outside home. A modest increase in age and interval between call for, and arrival of, the ambulance was associated with these findings.
|
|
| 9. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors associated with an increased chance of survival among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a national perspective in Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Am Heart J. - St. Louis, Mo. : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6744 .- 0002-8703. ; 149:1, s. 61-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe factors associated with an increased chance of survival among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, which were not crew witnessed, in Sweden and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted and who were registered in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry. This registry covers about 85% of the Swedish population and has been running since 1990. RESULTS: In all, 33,453 patients, 71% of whom had a cardiac etiology, were included in the survey. The following were independent predictors for an increased chance of survival in order of magnitude: (1) patients found in ventricular fibrillation (odds ratio [OR] 5.3, 95% confidence limits [CL] 4.2-6.8), (2) the interval between call for and arrival of the ambulance less than or equal to the median (OR 3.6, 95% CL 2.9-4.6), (3) cardiac arrest occurred outside the home (OR 2.2, 95% CL 1.9-2.7), (4) cardiac arrest was witnessed (OR 2.0, 95% CL 1.6-2.7), (5) bystanders performing CPR before the arrival of the ambulance (OR 2.0, 95% CL 1.7-2.4), and (6) age less than or equal to the median (OR 1.6, 95% CL 1.4-2.0). When none of these factors were present, survival to 1 m was 0.4%; when all factors were present, survival was 23.8%. CONCLUSION: Among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, which were not crew witnessed, in Sweden and in whom CPR was attempted, 6 factors for an increased chance of survival could be defined. These include (1) initial rhythm, (2) delay to arrival of the rescue team, (3) place of arrest, (4) witnessed status, (5) bystander CPR, and (6) age.
|
|
| 10. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Is female sex associated with increased survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 60:2, s. 197-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to sex. METHODS: All patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry between 1990 and 2000 in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted and who did not have a crew witnessed arrest were included. The registry covers 85% of the inhabitants of Sweden (approximately 8 million inhabitants). P-values were adjusted to differences in age. Survival was defined as patients being hospitalised alive and being alive one month after cardiac arrest. In all, 23,797 patients participated in the survey of which 27.9% were women. RESULTS: Among women 16.4% were hospitalised alive versus 13.2% among men ( P<0.001). After one month 3.0% among women were alive versus 3.4% among men (NS). In a multivariate analysis considering differences in age and various factors at resuscitation female sex was an independent predictor for patients being hospitalised alive (odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence limits 1.49-1.84) and for being alive after one month (odds ratio 1.27; 95% confidence limits 1.03-1.56). Women differed from men as they were older ( P<0.001 ), had a lower prevalence of witnessed cardiac arrest ( P=0.01), a lower occurrence of bystander CPR (P<0.001), a lower occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as initial arrhythmia (P<0.001) and a lower occurrence of cardiac disease judged to be the cause of cardiac arrest ( P<0.0001 ). On the other hand they had a cardiac arrest at home more frequently ( P<0.001 ). CONCLUSION: Among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden which was not crew witnessed and in whom resuscitation efforts were attempted, female sex was associated with an increased survival.
|
|
