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- Hedman‐Lagerlöf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effect moderators in internet‐based exposure therapy for fibromyalgia : The role of pain intensity
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 27:4, s. 507-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recent randomized controlled trial (N=140) was indicative of large and sustained average improvements of internet-based exposure for fibromyalgia, as compared to a waitlist. However, little is known about who benefits the most from this treatment.Objectives: To test for potential moderating effects of age, educational attainment, the duration of fibromyalgia, baseline overall fibromyalgia severity, pain intensity, fibromyalgia-related avoidance behavior, and symptom preoccupation on the waitlist-controlled effect of 10-weeks of internet-based exposure for fibromyalgia.Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02638636). We used linear mixed effects models to determine whether the waitlist-controlled effect of exposure therapy on overall fibromyalgia severity (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) differed as a function of the potential moderators.Results: Only pain intensity (0-10) was found to be a significant moderator, where a higher baseline pain intensity predicted a more limited waitlist-controlled effect of internet-based exposure (B=3.48, 95% CI: 0.84 – 6.13). Standardized point estimates of effects were small for the sociodemographic variables, and in the moderate range for some clinical variables that did not reach statistical significance such as behavioral avoidance and time with the fibromyalgia diagnosis.Conclusions: Results suggest that internet-based exposure treatment was more useful for participants with lower baseline levels of pain, and less so for participants with higher baseline levels of pain. The treatment had relatively similar effects across the other tested moderators.
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- Zielinski, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - 1812-0784. ; 5:3, s. 329-349
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine environments are influenced by a wide diversity of anthropogenic and natural substances and organisms that may have adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. Real-time measurements of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens across a range of spatial scales are required to adequately monitor these hazards, manage the consequences, and to understand the processes governing their magnitude and distribution. Significant technological advancements have been made in recent years for the detection and analysis of such marine hazards. In particular, sensors deployed on a variety of mobile and fixed-point observing platforms provide a valuable means to assess hazards. In this review, we present state-of-the-art of sensor technology for the detection of harmful substances and organisms in the ocean. Sensors are classified by their adaptability to various platforms, addressing large, intermediate, or small areal scales. Current gaps and future demands are identified with an indication of the urgent need for new sensors to detect marine hazards at all scales in autonomous real-time mode. Progress in sensor technology is expected to depend on the development of small-scale sensor technologies with a high sensitivity and specificity towards target analytes or organisms. However, deployable systems must comply with platform requirements as these interconnect the three areal scales. Future developments will include the integration of existing methods into complex and operational sensing systems for a comprehensive strategy for long-term monitoring. The combination of sensor techniques on all scales will remain crucial for the demand of large spatial and temporal coverage.
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