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- Shultz, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet spectropolarimetry with Polstar : using Polstar to test magnetospheric mass-loss quenching
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysics and Space Science. - : Springer Nature. - 0004-640X .- 1572-946X. ; 367:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polstar is a proposed NASA MIDEX space telescope that will provide high-resolution, simultaneous full-Stokes spectropolarimetry in the far ultraviolet, together with low-resolution linear polarimetry in the near ultraviolet. This observatory offers unprecedented capabilities to obtain unique information on the magnetic and plasma properties of the magnetospheres of hot stars. We describe an observing program making use of the known population of magnetic hot stars to test the fundamental hypothesis that magnetospheres should act to rapidly drain angular momentum, thereby spinning the star down, whilst simultaneously reducing the net mass-loss rate. Both effects are expected to lead to dramatic differences in the evolution of magnetic vs. non-magnetic stars.
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- Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:21, s. 2012-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially lifesaving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased health care costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well-recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. When compared with previous guidelines or consensus statements, the present consensus document gives guidance on the use of novel device alternatives, novel oral anticoagulants, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, as well as definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. The recognition that an international consensus document focused on management of CIED infections is lacking, the dissemination of results from new important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a Novel 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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- David-Uraz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic OB[A] Stars with TESS : probing their Evolutionary and Rotational properties (MOBSTER) - I. First-light observations of known magnetic B and A stars
- 2019
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 487:1, s. 304-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we introduce the MOBSTER collaboration and lay out its scientific goals. We present first results based on the analysis of 19 previously known magnetic O, B, and A stars observed in 2-min cadence in sectors 1 and 2 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. We derive precise rotational periods from the newly obtained light curves and compare them to previously published values. We also discuss the overall photometric phenomenology of the known magnetic massive and intermediate-mass stars and propose an observational strategy to augment this population by taking advantage of the high-quality observations produced by TESS.
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- Erba, P, et al.
(författare)
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Neurocutaneous sural flap in paraplegic patients
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1748-6815 .- 1878-0539. ; 62:8, s. 1094-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurocutaneous flaps have been demonstrated to be a reliable option in different groups of patients but it remains unclear if distally-based sural flaps can be safety used in paraplegic patients because they suffer from significant nervous system alterations. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to demonstrate that these flaps are reliable in paraplegic patients. We prospectively analysed a group (n = 6) of paraplegic patients who underwent reversed sural flap surgery for ulcers on the lateral malleolus. Measurement of area and photographic documentation techniques have been employed to quantify the defect area. Sural nerve biopsies have been analysed histologically with several different staining techniques to assess the neurovascular network and the myelinisation of the nerve. The patients showed uneventful wound heating, except one case that suffered a partial flap necrosis that heated by secondary intention. Histologic analysis revealed an intact neurovascular network and myelinated nerve fibres. In this small series of paraplegic patients that underwent a distally-based sural flap, the complication rate was low, with only one case of superficial partial necrosis demonstrating the reliability and safety of the flap in this subset of patients. Histologic evaluation of sural. nerve biopsies revealed an almost normal morphology. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that the dorsal root ganglia remain intact in paraplegic patients and can preserve neural characteristics in the peripheral sensory nerve system.
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- Erba, P, et al.
(författare)
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Regeneration potential and survival of transplanted undifferentiated adipose tissue-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve conduits
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0539 .- 1748-6815. ; 63:12, s. e811-e817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown potential for the treatment of nerve injuries. Most previous efforts have aimed at stimulating regeneration by using neural-differentiation protocols, but the potential of undifferentiated ADSCs to enhance axonal growth as well as their ability to transdifferentiate in situ have been poorly investigated. In this study, using a rat sciatic nerve model we show that ADSCs, transplanted in an artificial nerve conduit, stimulate axonal outgrowth from the proximal nerve stump and evoke greater Schwann cell (SC) proliferation/intrusion in the distal stump. To track the fate of the transplanted cells, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelling and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the sex determining region Y (SRY) gene in the donor male cells. Both methods indicated a lack of significant quantities of viable cells 14 days after transplantation. These results suggest that any regenerative effect of transplanted ADSCs is more likely to be mediated by an initial boost of released growth factors and/or by an indirect effect on endogenous SCs activity. Future studies need to address long-term cell survival in tissue-engineered nerve conduits to improve the neuroregenerative potential of ADSCs.
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- Kalbermatten, Daniel F, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Schwann cell strip for peripheral nerve repair
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery - British and European Volume. - : SAGE Publications. - 0266-7681 .- 1532-2211. ; 33:5, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many strategies have been investigated to provide an ideal substitute to treat a nerve gap injury. Initially, silicone conduits were used and more recently conduits fabricated from natural materials such as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) showed good results but still have their limitations. Surgically, a new concept optimising harvested autologous nerve graft has been introduced as the single fascicle method. It has been shown that a single fascicle repair of nerve grafting is successful. We investigated a new approach using a PHB strip seeded with Schwann cells to mimic a small nerve fascicle. Schwann cells were attached to the PHB strip using diluted fibrin glue and used to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve gap in rats. Comparison was made with a group using conventional PHB conduit tubes filled with Schwann cells and fibrin glue. After 2 weeks, the nerve samples were harvested and investigated for axonal and Schwann cell markers. PGP9.5 immunohistochemistry showed a superior nerve regeneration distance in the PHB strip group versus the PHB tube group (> 10 mm, crossed versus 3.17+/- 0.32 mm respectively, P<0.05) as well as superior Schwann cell intrusion (S100 staining) from proximal (> 10 mm, crossed versus 3.40+/- 0.36 mm, P<0.01) and distal (> 10 mm, crossed versus 2.91+/- 0.31 mm, P<0.001) ends. These findings suggest a significant advantage of a strip in rapidly connecting a nerve gap lesion and imply that single fascicle nerve grafting is advantageous for nerve repair in rats.
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