| 1. |
- Björn, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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The association of four genetic variants with myelosuppression in gemcitabine-treated Japanese is not evident in gemcitabine/carboplatin-treated Swedes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1742-7835 .- 1742-7843. ; 130:4, s. 513-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gemcitabine/carboplatin-induced myelosuppressive adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are clinical problems leading to patient suffering and dose alterations. There is a need for personalised medicine to improve treatment effects and patients' well-being. We tested four genetic variants, rs11141915, rs1901440, rs12046844 and rs11719165, previously suggested as potential biomarkers for gemcitabine-induced leukopenia/neutropenia in Japanese patients, in 213 Swedish gemcitabine/carboplatin-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. DNA was genotyped using TaqMan probes and real-time PCR. The relationships between the risk alleles and low toxicity (non-ADR: Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] grades 0) or high toxicity (ADR: CTCAE grades 3-4) of platelets, leukocytes and neutrophils were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. The risk alleles did not correlate with myelosuppression, and the strongest borderline significance (not withstanding adjustment for multiple testing) was for rs1901440 (neutropenia, p = 0.043) and rs11719165 (leukopenia, p = 0.049) where the risk alleles trended towards lower toxicity, contrasting with previous study findings. Risk alleles and higher risk scores were more common among our patients. We conclude that the genetic variants do not apply to Swedish patients treated with gemcitabine/carboplatin. However, they can still be important in other populations and cohorts, especially in a gemcitabine monotherapy setting, where the causal genetic variation might influence myelosuppressive ADRs.
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| 2. |
- Dieckmann, Mark E, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Collisionless Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability of the boundary between a hot pair plasma and an electron–proton plasma : The undular mode
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 27:11, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation the stability of a discontinuity or piston, which separates an electron–positron cloud from a cooler electron–proton plasma. Such a piston might be present in the relativistic jets of accreting black holes separating the jet material from the surrounding ambient plasma and when pair clouds form during an x-ray flare and expand into the plasma of the accretion disk corona. We inject a pair plasma at a simulation boundary with a mildly relativistic temperature and mean speed. It flows across a spatially uniform electron–proton plasma, which is permeated by a background magnetic field. The magnetic field is aligned with one simulation direction and oriented orthogonally to the mean velocity vector of the pair cloud. The expanding pair cloud expels the magnetic field and piles it up at its front. It is amplified to a value large enough to trap ambient electrons. The current of the trapped electrons, which is carried with the expanding cloud front, drives an electric field that accelerates protons. A solitary wave grows and changes into a piston after it saturated. Our simulations show that this piston undergoes a collisionless instability similar to a Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The undular mode grows and we observe fingers in the proton density distribution. The effect of the instability is to deform the piston but it cannot destroy it.
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| 3. |
- Dieckmann, Mark E, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of a collisionless pair jet in a magnetized electron-proton plasma : Flow-aligned magnetic field
- 2019
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Ingår i: High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows VII (HEPRO VII). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results from a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation that models the interaction between a spatially localized electron-positron cloud and an electron-ion plasma. The latter is permeated by a magnetic field that is initially spatially uniform and aligned with the mean velocity vector of the pair cloud. The pair cloud expels the magnetic field and piles it up into an electromagnetic piston. Its electromagnetic field is strong enough to separate the pair cloud from the ambient plasma in the direction that is perpendicular to the cloud propagation direction. The piston propagates away from the spine of the injected pair cloud and it accelerates the protons to a high nonrelativistic speed. The accelerated protons form an outer cocoon that will eventually become separated from the unperturbed ambient plasma by a fast magnetosonic shock. No electromagnetic piston forms at the front of the cloud and a shock is mediated here by the filamentation instability. The final plasma distribution resembles that of a hydrodynamic jet. Collisionless plasma jets may form in the coronal plasma of accreting black holes and the interaction between the strong magnetic field of the piston and the hot pair cloud may contribute to radio emissions by such objects.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Naturlig radioaktivitet, uran och andra metaller i dricksvatten
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturligt radioaktiva ämnen och metaller förekommer i dricksvatten men halterna varierar mycket mellan olika brunnar. De tidsmässiga variationerna är i allmänhet måttliga. Många undersökningar av radonhalter i svenskt dricksvatten har visat att förhöjda halter finns främst i områden med kristallina prekambriska bergarter som t ex vissa graniter och omvandlade vulkaniska och sedimentära bergarter. Förhöjda halter av uran och radium i dricksvatten uppträder ofta inom samma geografiska områden dock inte nödvändigtvis i samma brunnar. Uran finns i dricksvattnet i många delar av Sverige med halter som överstiger myndigheternas rekommendationer. Radium, som är svårlösligt i vatten, är sparsamt förekommande i dricksvatten. En viktig anledning till den genomförda undersökningen är de hälsomässiga problemen med radioaktivitet och metaller i dricksvatten. Socialstyrelsens hälsomässiga riktvärde (otjänligt) för radon är 1000 Bq/l. För uran finns sedan 2003 en med Livsmedelsverket och Socialstyrelsen gemensam rekommendation att uranhalten inte bör överstiga 15 μg/l i dricksvatten p.g.a. dess kemiska toxicitet. Riktvärdet för arsenik sänktes 2003 från det tidigare värdet 50 μg/l till 10 μg/l. För de flesta ämnen i denna undersökning används Socialstyrelsens riktvärden. Där riktvärden saknas används Livsmedelsverkets eller Världshälsoorganisationens (WHOs) gränsvärden eller rekommendationer. För enskild vattenförsörjning används ungefär 270 000 bergborrade brunnar och 180 000 jordbrunnar av permanentboende. Dessutom utnyttjas sammantaget ungefär lika många jord- och bergborrade brunnar av fritidsboende. Projektet har genomförts under perioden 2001 – 2006 i samverkan med Statens strålskyddsinstitut. Finansiering har under 2006 även erhållits av Naturvårdsverket genom medel från den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen (NV-avtal nr 215 0610, dnr 721-1594-06Mm ). Tack vare finansieringen från Naturvårdsverket har en rikstäckande undersökning kunnat genomföras med ytterligare provtagning av 324 brunnar. I resultaten redovisas data från hela projektperioden där sammantaget 768 brunnar har ingått.
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| 5. |
- Ek, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Naturligt radioaktiva ämnen, arsenik och andra metaller i dricksvatten från enskilda brunnar
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vatten är vårt viktigaste livsmedel. I Sverige använder 1,2 miljoner permanentboende människor vatten från egen brunn. Trots detta är inte vattenkvaliteten för enskild dricksvattenförsörjning tillfredsställande kartlagd. Framförallt har kunskapen om naturlig radioaktivitet och metaller i vattnet varit begränsad. Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU) initierade år 2001 tillsammans med Statens strålskyddsinstitut (SSI) ett sexårigt samarbete för att kartlägga naturligt förekommande radioaktiva ämnen, metaller och andra ämnen i dricksvatten från enskilda främst bergborrade brunnar. Resultaten av undersökningen ska kunna användas av myndigheter på både riks- och lokalplanet för riskbedömningar och för att utveckla förslag till åtgärder samt som underlag för riktvärden och gränsvärden. Denna rapport fokuserar främst på de naturligt förekommande radioaktiva ämnena samt uran och arsenik. SGU har finansierat sin del av projektet med interna forskningsmedel. Under 2004 och 2006 har finansiering även erhållits av den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen vid Naturvårdsverket. SSI har utfört undersökningarna inom det egna miljöövervakningsprogrammet. Provtagningen har, med några undantag, utförts av personal från SGU. Analyser har utförts av AnalyCen, SGU, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och SSI. Till samtliga som har medverkat och speciellt till alla vänliga och intresserade brunnsägare som har ställt upp vid provtagningarna riktats här ett mycket varmt tack.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hosseini, Seyyed Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Kombinerade X-bandsanläggningar som väderradar : Jämförelse med etablerade metoder för regnmätning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this research report, a new methodology has been developed in order to integrate several X-band radar data sets in to one complete set. Furthermore, a direct and an indirect evaluation have been conducted compared to stationary rain gauges and C-band radar. In the indirect analysis, the input data sets were integrated into runoff models for Ellinge and Lundåkra WWTP where the results were compared to measured incoming flow to the sewage plants.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of a computer-assisted feedback system between dispatch centre and ambulances
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 18:3, s. 143-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a newly developed computer-assisted feedback system between dispatch centre and ambulances in Stockholm, Sweden. Methods: A computer-assisted feedback system based on a Finnish model was designed to fit the Swedish emergency medical system. Feedback codes were identified and divided into three categories; assessment of patients' primary condition when ambulance arrives at scene, no transport by the ambulance and level of priority. Two ambulances and one emergency medical communication centre (EMCC) in Stockholm participated in the study. A sample of 530 feedback codes sent through the computer-assisted feedback system was reviewed. The information on the ambulance medical records was compared with the feedback codes used and 240 assignments were further analyzed. Results: The used feedback codes sent from ambulance to EMCC were correct in 92% of the assignments. The most commonly used feedback code sent to the emergency medical dispatchers was 'agree with the dispatchers' assessment'. In addition, in 160 assignments there was a mismatch between emergency medical dispatchers and ambulance nurse assessments. Conclusion: Our results have shown a high agreement between medical dispatchers and ambulance nurse assessment. The feasibility of the feedback codes seems to be acceptable based on the small margin of error. The computer-assisted feedback system may, when used on a daily basis, make it possible for the medical dispatchers to receive feedback in a structural way. The EMCC organization can directly evaluate any changes in the assessment protocol by structured feedback sent from the ambulance.
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| 10. |
- Pagels, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of particle-attached radon progeny in the respiratory tract - an experimental study of children and adults in home environments
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A method to study total deposition of aerosol attached radon progeny in children and adults have been validated and used in home environments. Two persons, one child and one adult are tested simultaneously, thus inhaling from the same aerosol and allowing for a direct comparison. The aim of the study was to increase the knowledge of the lung deposition and thereby the knowledge of the radiation dose from indoor radon. In the study 13 children (ages 4-13 years) and 11 adults were tested in their home environments (five dwellings with elevated radon levels 200 - 600 Bq/m3). Two different aerosols were used: the background aerosol particles when no strong indoor sources were present and the relatively small particles from normal candle burning (activity median diameters (AMD) roughly 200 and 50 nm respectively). An enhanced deposition was found for the children compared to the adults for the smaller particles (mean deposition 38 and 31%), while for the larger background particles no difference was found (31% deposition for both groups). Differences between the deposition of the different short lived radon daughters was found. This was infered to be explained as an ageing effect. In one of the dwellings measurements were performed to estimate hygroscopic growth of the particles upon inhalation. Growth factors between 1 and 4.5 was found. When comparing the results with a stochastic lung deposition model (hygroscopic growth taken into account) reasonable good agreement was found for the smaller particles (experiments 31% and model 26%), while for the larger background particles a roughly doubled deposition was found (experiments 31% and model 15%). A comparison of the deposition when breathing through mouth and nose has also been conducted. This part of the study with adults only was performed in a radon exposure chamber. Relatively large (AMD =500 nm) hydrophobic particles from flickering candle burning (black smoke) were used. Mean depositions of 11 and 17% were found when breathing through mouth and nose respectively. Good agreement was found when comparing with the stochastic model.
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