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- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol impairs driver attention and prevents compensatory strategies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the negative effects of alcohol on driving performance are undisputed, it is unclear how driver attention, eye movements and visual information sampling are affected by alcohol consumption. A simulator study with 35 participants was conducted to investigate whether and how a driver's level of attention is related to self-paced non-driving related task (NDRT)-engagement and tactical aspects of undesirable driver behaviour under increasing levels of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) up to 1.0 ‰. Increasing BrAC levels lead to more frequent speeding, short time headways and weaving, and higher NDRT engagement. Instantaneous distraction events become more frequent, with more and longer glances to the NDRT, and a general decline in visual attention to the forward roadway. With alcohol, the compensatory behaviour that is typically seen when drivers engage in NDRTs did not appear. These findings support the theory that alcohol reduces the ability to shift attention between multiple tasks. To conclude, the independent reduction in safety margins in combination with impaired attention and an increased willingness to engage in NDRTs is likely the reason behind increased crash risk when driving under the influence of alcohol. © 2023
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| 2. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Adaptation of Driving Time and Rest Periods in Automated Long-Haul Trucking : Development of a System Based on Biomathematical Modelling, Fatigue and Relaxation Monitoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:5, s. 4758-4766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hours of service regulations govern the working hours of commercial motor vehicle drivers, but these regulations may become more flexible as highly automated vehicles have the potential to afford periods of in-cab rest or even sleep while the vehicle is moving. A prerequisite is robust continuous monitoring of when the driver is resting (to account for reduced time on task) or sleeping (to account for the reduced physiological drive to sleep). The overall aims of this paper are to raise a discussion of whether it is possible to obtain successful rest during automated driving, and to present initial work on a hypothetical data driven algorithm aimed to estimate if it is possible to gain driving time after resting under fully automated driving. The presented algorithm consists of four central components, a heart rate-based relaxation detection algorithm, a camera-based sleep detection algorithm, a fatigue modelling component taking time awake, time of day and time on task into account, and a component that estimates gained driving time. Real-time assessment of driver fitness is complicated, especially when it comes to the recuperative value of in-cab sleep and rest, as it depends on sleep quality, time of day, homeostatic sleep pressure and on the activities that are carried out while resting. The monotony that characterizes for long-haul truck driving is clearly interrupted for a while, but the long-term consequences of extended driving times, including user acceptance of the key stakeholders, requires further research.
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| 3. |
- Diederichs, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive transitions for automation in cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles
- 2020
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 14:8, s. 889-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated vehicles are entering the roads and automation is applied to cars, trucks, buses, and even motorcycles today. High automation foresees transitions during driving in both directions. The driver and rider state become a critical parameter since reliable automation allows safe intervention and transit control to the automation when manual driving is not performed safely anymore. When the control transits from automation to manual an appropriate driver state needs to be identified before releasing the automated control. The detection of driver states during manual and automated driving and an appropriate design of the human-machine interaction (HMI) are crucial steps to support these transitions. State-of-the-art systems do not take the driver state, personal preferences, and predictions of road conditions into account. The ADAS&ME project, funded by the H2020 Programme of the European Commission, proposes an innovative and fully adaptive HMI framework, able to support driver/rider state monitoring-based transitions in automated driving. The HMI framework is applied in the target vehicles: passenger car, truck, bus, and motorcycle, and in seven different use cases.
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| 4. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Fit2Drive
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie var att bedöma hur alkoholpåverkan interagerar med förarens uppmärksamhet och hur det påverkar lämpligheten att köra bil. Trettiofem deltagare körde i en simulator och på en testbana medan de var nyktra och under påverkan av alkohol med ökande alkoholhalt i utandningsluften (BrAC). De insamlade data inkluderade videoupptagningar av förarens huvud- och ögonrörelser, inspelningar av insidan av kupén och förarens överkropp, hjärtaktivitet och körbeteende.Studien visade att uppmärksamhetsfördelning inte var tillräcklig för detektion av alkoholpåverkan, medan psykofysiologiska mått som fixeringstid och -hastighet samt saccad-amplituder var lämpliga kandidater för universell alkoholpåverkansdetektion. Blinkdynamiken visade också tydliga effekter av alkoholpåverkan. Placeringen av kameran bör beaktas för framtida algoritm-utveckling.Studien visade att tre olika variabelgrupper - uppmärksamhet, utförande av extrauppgifter (NDRT) och körkvalitet – påverkades negativt efter alkoholkonsumtion. Deltagarna tenderade att titta bort från vägen längre, medan blickarna till speglarna minskade. Antalet utförda NDRT ökade med högre BrAC-nivåer, och medelblicklängden till NDRT-skärmen nästan fördubblades vid 1,0 ‰ jämfört med nykterhet. Dessutom försämrades körkvaliteten: Deltagarna körde snabbare, vinglade mer, och deras säkerhetsmarginaler gentemot andra minskade.Kombinationen av minskad uppmärksamhet, ökat NDRT-engagemang och kompromissad körkvalitet skapar således en "farlig blandning". En diskriminant-analys genomfördes för att bedöma de kombinerade variablernas indikativa värde för BrAC-klassificering. Sammanfattningsvis fann studien att alkohol försämrar uppmärksamheten, leder till minskade säkerhetsmarginaler vid körning och mindre restriktivt engagemang i icke-körrelaterade uppgifter.
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