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| 2. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Interventional treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Digestion. - 0012-2823. ; 62 Suppl 1, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine (NE) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (carcinoids and endocrine pancreatic tumours) are rare diseases. In the presence of liver metastases these patients may suffer from disabling symptoms due to hormone overproduction. Patients with localized disease can be resected for cure and also patients with liver metastases can undergo potentially curative tumour resection. However, long-term follow-up of the latter cases indicates frequent recurrence of tumour. Using close biochemical monitoring of tumour markers combined with newer techniques for tumour visualization, these recurrences can often be diagnosed at an early stage so that repeat surgical procedures can be performed. During the last years very active surgery has been recommended for NE tumours, many of which have a relatively slow growth. Even in patients not amenable to curative liver surgery, debulking can be considered if the main tumour burden can be safely excised. The primary aim of this type of treatment is palliation of hormonal symptoms. An important question is whether the aggressive treatment actually prolongs survival. No prospective studies have been performed. Such studies are hampered by the lack of strict surgical programs running over long periods and the relative rarity of NE tumours. Liver transplantation may be another treatment modality in selected cases.
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| 3. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Liver transplantation for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 0077-8923. ; 1014, s. 265-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver transplantation can be considered a therapeutic option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors only metastatic to the liver. Important selection criteria are well-differentiated tumors and a low proliferation rate (Ki67 <10%). In this series, orthopic liver transplantation offered good relief of symptoms and long disease-free intervals with initial survival of grafts and patients as in benign disease. The experience with multivisceral transplantation is still limited.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with immunocompromised disorders have mainly been excluded from clinical trials of vaccination against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in five selected groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls.Methods: 539 study subjects (449 patients and 90 controls) were included. The patients had either primary (n=90), or secondary immunodeficiency disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=90), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/CAR T cell therapy (n=90), solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n=89), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=90). The primary endpoint was seroconversion rate two weeks after the second dose. The secondary endpoints were safety and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection.Findings: Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred. 72.2% of the immunocompromised patients seroconverted compared to 100% of the controls (p=0.004). Lowest seroconversion rates were found in the SOT (43.4%) and CLL (63.3%) patient groups with observed negative impact of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and ibrutinib, respectively.Interpretation: The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients. Rate of seroconversion was substantially lower than in healthy controls, with a wide range of rates and antibody titres among predefined patient groups and subgroups. This clinical trial highlights the need for additional vaccine doses in certain immunocompromised patient groups to improve immunity.
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| 6. |
- Borga, Magnus, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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A canonical correlation approach to exploratory data analysis in fMRI
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A computationally efficient data-driven method for exploratory analysis of functional MRI data is presented. The basic idea is to reveal underlying components in the fMRI data that have maximum autocorrelation. The tool for accomplishing this task is Canonical Correlation Analysis. The proposed method is more robust and much more computationally efficient than independent component analysis, which previously has been applied in fMRI.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A GPU accelerated interactive interface for exploratory functional connectivity analysis of FMRI data
- 2011
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Ingår i: Image Processing (ICIP), 2011. - : IEEE. - 9781457713040 ; , s. 1589-1592
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional connectivity analysis is a way to investigate how different parts of the brain are connected and interact. A common measure of connectivity is the temporal correlation between a reference voxel time series and all the other time series in a functional MRI data set. An fMRI data set generally contains more than 20,000 within-brain voxels, making a complete correlation analysis between all possible combinations of voxels heavy to compute, store, visualize and explore. In this paper, a GPU-accelerated interactive tool for investigating functional connectivity in fMRI data is presented. A reference voxel can be moved by the user and the correlations to all other voxels are calculated in real-time using the graphics processing unit (GPU). The resulting correlation map is updated in real-time and visualized as a 3D volume rendering together with a high resolution anatomical volume. This tool greatly facilitates the search for interesting connectivity patterns in the brain.
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing fMRI Activity Maps from GLM and CCA at the Same Significance Level by Fast Random Permutation Tests on the GPU
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parametric statistical methods are traditionally employed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for identifying areas in the brain that are active with a certain degree of statistical significance. These parametric methods, however, have two major drawbacks. First, it isassumed that the observed data are Gaussian distributed and independent; assumptions that generally are not valid for fMRI data. Second, the statistical test distribution can be derived theoretically only for very simple linear detection statistics. In this work it is shown how the computational power of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) can be used to speedup non-parametric tests, such as random permutation tests. With random permutation tests it is possible to calculate significance thresholds for any test statistics. As an example, fMRI activity maps from the General Linear Model (GLM) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are compared at the same significance level.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal patterns of organ dysfunction after severe trauma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Nature. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding temporal patterns of organ dysfunction (OD) may aid early recognition of complications after trauma and assist timing and modality of treatment strategies. Our aim was to analyse and characterise temporal patterns of OD in intensive care unit-admitted trauma patients. Methods We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify temporal trajectories of OD after trauma. Modelling was based on the joint development of all six subdomains comprising the sequential organ failure assessment score measured daily during the first two weeks post trauma. Further, the time for trajectories to stabilise and transition to final group assignments were evaluated. Results Six-hundred and sixty patients were included in the final model. Median age was 40 years, and median ISS was 26 (IQR 17-38). We identified five distinct trajectories of OD. Group 1, mild OD (n = 300), median ISS of 20 (IQR 14-27), had an early resolution of OD and a low mortality. Group 2, moderate OD (n = 135), and group 3, severe OD (n = 87), were fairly similar in admission characteristics and initial OD but differed in subsequent OD trajectories, the latter experiencing an extended course and higher mortality. In group 3, 56% of the patients developed sepsis as compared with 19% in group 2. Group 4, extreme OD (n = 40), received most blood transfusions, had the highest proportion of shock at admission and a median ISS of 41 (IQR 29-50). They experienced significant and sustained OD affecting all organ systems and a 28-day mortality of 30%. Group 5, traumatic brain injury with OD (n = 98), had the highest mortality of 35% and the shortest time to death for non-survivors, median 3.5 (IQR 2.4-4.8) days. Groups 1 and 5 reached their final group assignment early, > 80% of the patients within 48 h. In contrast, groups 2 and 3 had a prolonged time to final group assignment. Conclusions We identified five distinct trajectories of OD after severe trauma during the first two weeks post-trauma. Our findings underline the heterogeneous course after trauma and describe some potentially important clinical insights that are suggested by the groupings and temporal trajectories.
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