| 1. |
- Cöster, Marcus E., et al.
(författare)
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How does a physical activity programme in elementary school affect fracture risk? : A prospective controlled intervention study in Malmo, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Recent evidence from the 7-year followup of the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study indicates an inverse correlation between years of participation in a physical activity (PA) intervention and fracture risk in children. However, we could not see a statistically significant reduction in fracture risk, which urged for an extension of the intervention. Setting: The study was conducted in 4 neighbouring elementary schools, where 1 school functioned as intervention school. Participants: We included all children who began first grade in these 4 schools between 1998 and 2012. This resulted in 1339 children in the intervention group and 2195 children in the control group, all aged 6-8 years at the state of the study. Intervention: We launched an 8-year intervention programme with 40 min of moderate PA per school day, while the controls continued with the Swedish national standard of 60 min of PA per week. Primary outcome measure: We used the regional radiographic archive to register objectively verified fractures and we estimated annual fracture incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: During the first year after initiation of the intervention, the fracture IRR was 1.65 (1.05 to 2.08) (mean 95% CI). For each year of the study, the fracture incidence rate in the control group compared with the intervention group increased by 15.7% (5.6% to 26.8%) (mean 95% CI). After 8 years, the IRR of fractures was 52% lower in the intervention group than in the control group (IRR 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91) (mean 95% CI))]. Conclusions: Introduction of the school-based intervention programme is associated with a higher fracture risk in the intervention group during the first year followed by a gradual reduction, so that during the eighth year, the fracture risk was lower in the intervention group.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, Hubertus, et al.
(författare)
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Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °C anthropogenic warming and beyond
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 11:7, s. 474-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.
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| 3. |
- Fritz, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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A 5-year exercise program in children improves muscle strength without affecting fracture risk.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6327 .- 1439-6319. ; 116:4, s. 707-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High level of physical activity (PA) is associated with great muscle strength and high fracture risk. This prospective controlled population-based study evaluated how a pediatric PA intervention program influenced muscle strength and fracture risk.
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| 4. |
- FRITZ, JESPER, et al.
(författare)
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A seven-year physical activity intervention for children increased gains in bone mass and muscle strength
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 105:10, s. 1216-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study evaluated the musculoskeletal effects of increased physical activity on children, starting at six to nine years of age. Methods: In one school we increased the physical education of 72 girls and 100 boys to 200 minutes per week over seven years. In three other schools, 45 girls and 47 boys continued to receive 60 minutes per week. We measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength with computerised dynamometer at baseline and after seven years and tibial cortical thickness with peripheral quantitative computed tomography after seven years. Results: Girls in the intervention group gained 0.04 g/cm2 (0.01-0.08) more total spine aBMD (p <0.05) and 6.2Nm (1.6, 10.7) more knee flexion strength (p <0.01) than control group girls and had a 0.1 mm (0.0, 0.3) higher tibial cortical thickness at follow-up (p <0.05). Boys in the intervention group gained 7.3Nm (0.4, 14.2) more knee extension strength (p <0.05) and 7.4Nm (2.3, 12.4) more knee flexion strength (p <0.01) than the control group boys, but their aBMD was no higher than the control group. Conclusion: A seven-year, population-based moderately intense exercise intervention enhanced gains in spine bone mass in girls and knee muscle strength in both genders.
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| 5. |
- Fritz, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of a School-based Physical Activity Intervention on Cortical Bone Mass Distribution : A 7-year Intervention Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-967X .- 1432-0827. ; 99:5, s. 443-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cortical bone mass and density varies across a bones length and cross section, and may be influenced by physical activity. This study evaluated the long-term effects of a pediatric school-based physical activity intervention on tibial cortical bone mass distribution. A total of 170 children (72 girls and 98 boys) from one school were provided with 200 min of physical education per week. Three other schools (44 girls and 47 boys) continued with the standard 60 min per week. Tibial total and cortical area, cortical density, polar stress–strain index (SSI), and the mass and density distribution around the center of mass (polar distribution, mg) and through the bones cortex (radial distribution subdivided into endo-, mid-, and pericortical volumetric BMD: mg/cm3) at three sites (14, 38, and 66 %) were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography after 7 years. Girls in the intervention group had 2.5 % greater cortical thickness and 6.9 % greater SSI at the 66 % tibia, which was accompanied by significantly greater pericortical volumetric BMD compared to controls (all P <0.05). Region-specific differences in cortical mass were also detected in the anterior, medial, and lateral sectors at the 38 and 66 % tibial sites. There were no group differences at the 14 % tibia site in girls, and no group differences in any of the bone parameters in boys. Additional school-based physical education over seven years was associated with greater tibial structure, strength, and region-specific adaptations in cortical bone mass and density distribution in girls, but not in boys.
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| 6. |
- Fritz, Jesper
(författare)
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Physical Activity During Growth. Effects on Bone, Muscle, Fracture Risk and Academic Performance
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Frakturer är ett stort och dessutom ökande samhällsproblem. Genom att stärka skelettet och muskulaturen kan risken för frakturer minskas. Hög fysisk aktivitet är associerad med hög benmassa, gynnsam skelettstruktur, god muskelfunktion och låg risk att drabbas av frakturer. Fysisk aktivitet skulle därför kunna vara en möjlig strategi för att minska antalet frakturer i samhället. Tidigare forskning har visat att den bästa perioden i livet att påverka sitt skelett genom fysisk aktivitet är pre- och peri-pubertalt. Tidigare studier är dock korta, innefattar små kohorter och baseras främst på inklusion av frivilliga idrottsintresserade barn. Detta gör det svårt att uttala sig om eventuella långtidseffekter samt populationsbaserade effekter, båda viktiga sett ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Skall fysisk aktivitet kunna användas så effektivt som möjligt som frakturprofylax bör den inkludera så många barn som möjligt, helst alla i befolkningen, och ge effekter även vid en träningsnivå som alla barn klarar av att genomföra. Det finns utöver detta även studier som antyder att ökad fysisk aktivitet är associerad med förbättrade kognitiva funktioner, såsom minne och inlärning. Därigenom skulle även akademiska skolresultat kunna påverkas. Detta är av stort intresse eftersom skolresultaten i svensk grundskola, enligt den återkommande PISA-rapporten, de senaste decennierna försämrats. Detta gäller både betyg och andel barn som blir behöriga till gymnasial utbildning. Ökad skolidrott skulle således kunna vara ett sätt att vända denna trend. Mot denna bakgrund startades Bunkefloprojektet (på engelska förkortad till POP-study), en populationsbaserad prospektiv kontrollerad interventionsstudie som innefattar barn från fyra grundskolor i sydvästra Malmö. En av skolorna utökade ämnet idrott och hälsa från 60 min/vecka till 200 min/vecka (40 min/skoldag). Denna skola fungerade som interventionsskola. Resterande tre skolor fortsatte med 60 min/vecka idrottsundervisning (svensk standard) och fungerade då som kontrollskolor. Vi inkluderade alla 3 534 barn (6–9 år gamla) som började årskurs 1 i någon av dessa skolor år 1998 till 2012 och följde dem i 7 år avseende frakturer. De 264 barn som började år 1998 till 2000 erbjöds vara med i en utökad del av studien där vi följde utveckling av skelett, muskelstyrka och livsstilsfaktorer genom årliga mätningar. För att utvärdera akademiska skolresultat inkluderades alla individer som slutat årskurs 9 år 2003 till 2012 i interventionsskolan. Vi använde även Skolverkets statistikdatabas (Siris) för att inkludera alla individer som slutat årskurs 9 år 2003 till 2012 i hela Sverige som akademisk kontrollgrupp. På detta sätt kunde vi jämföra skolresultaten mellan och inom skolorna före interventionen (skolslut 2003 till 2006) och efter interventionens införande (skolslut 2007 till 2012).Barnen i interventionsskolan hade jämfört med barnen i kontrollskolorna ökad frakturrisk under det första året efter påbörjad intervention, varefter den relativa frakturrisken sjönk för varje år som interventionen pågick. Vi såg även att flickorna i interventionsgruppen hade förbättrad utveckling av skelettet, i form av ökad benmassa och förändrad struktur jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Någon sådan effekt kunde inte registreras bland pojkarna. Både flickor och pojkar i interventionsgruppen hade förbättrad utveckling av muskelstyrkan jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Pojkarna med extra skolidrott förbättrade sina slutbetyg i nionde klass samt i denna grupp minskade även andelen individer som inte klarade behörighetskraven till gymnasial utbildning. Hos flickorna kunde inga akademiska gynnsamma effekter registreras bland dem med daglig fysisk aktivitet under grundskoleåren.Ökad skolidrott förefaller således vara en strategi som kan minska den relativa risken för fraktur, förbättra utvecklingen av skelett och muskelstyrka samt öka de akademiska skolprestationerna. Det finns stöd från andra studier att en sådan utveckling i ungdomen kan leda till starkare skelett och bättre muskulatur och därigenom färre frakturer även i vuxenlivet och ålderdomen. Detta gör att vi nu har starkt vetenskapligt underlag att rekommendera daglig idrott i grundskolan för alla barn.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daglig fysisk aktivitet på schemat : bättre skolresultat hos pojkarna - Men för flickorna var det ingen skillnad – Bunkefloprojektet följde grundskoleelever under nio år
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One aim of the Bunkeflo project is to evaluate if daily school physical activity (PA) is associated with higher final school grades and improved eligibility for upper secondary school. One elementary school extended PA throughout elementary school to 200 minutes/week while control schools continued with in mean 60 minutes/week. We then registered final school grades and eligibility for upper secondary school in children who began first grade in the intervention school during the years before the intervention (1994-1997) and in the children who started 1998-2003 (that is, who had daily PA during the 9 compulsory school years). We also registered final school grades and eligibility for upper secondary school in all Swedish children who started school 1998-2003. We found that boys in the intervention group had higher eligibility rates and higher grade scores than boys who finished the same school before the intervention was implemented as well as higher in all Swedish boys. These differences in were not seen in girls. Daily school PA through elementary school is associated with higher final grade scores and higher eligibility rates for upper secondary school in boys.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daglig skolidrott ger ökad benmassa och successivt minskad frakturrisk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 116:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Bunkeflo project, one elementary school increased duration of school physical activity (PA) to 200 minutes/week while 3 control schools continued with 60 minutes/week throughout the nine elementary school years. We then registered fractures in 3534 children, and evaluated the duration of PA, bone mass and muscle strength in a subsample (n=140) during the intervention and 3 years after. The PA intervention was associated with higher duration of PA both during and 3 years after the intervention. With each year of intervention, the fracture incidence rate ratio (IRR) declined in the intervention children so that it was 0.48 (95% CI 0.25, 0.91) the eighth year of intervention. These findings were accompanied by beneficial gain in musculoskeletal traits in both intervention girls and boys (p<0.05). Nine years of daily school-based PA is associated with a progressive reduction in fracture risk, accompanied by beneficial musculoskeletal gains and a more physically active lifestyle.
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| 10. |
- Sako, Masao, et al.
(författare)
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The Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 130:988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey conducted between 2005 and 2007. Light curves, spectra, classifications, and ancillary data are presented for 10,258 variable and transient sources discovered through repeat ugriz imaging of SDSS Stripe 82, a 300 deg(2) area along the celestial equator. This data release is comprised of all transient sources brighter than r similar or equal to 22.5 mag with no history of variability prior to 2004. Dedicated spectroscopic observations were performed on a subset of 889 transients, as well as spectra for thousands of transient host galaxies using the SDSS-III BOSS spectrographs. Photometric classifications are provided for the candidates with good multi-color light curves that were not observed spectroscopically, using host galaxy redshift information when available. From these observations, 4607 transients are either spectroscopically confirmed, or likely to be, supernovae, making this the largest sample of supernova candidates ever compiled. We present a new method for SN host-galaxy identification and derive host-galaxy properties including stellar masses, star formation rates, and the average stellar population ages from our SDSS multi-band photometry. We derive SALT2 distance moduli for a total of 1364 SN. Ia with spectroscopic redshifts as well as photometric redshifts for a further 624 purely photometric SN. Ia candidates. Using the spectroscopically confirmed subset of the three-year SDSS-II SN. Ia sample and assuming a flat.CDM cosmology, we determine Omega(M) = 0.315 +/- 0.093 (statistical error only) and detect a non-zero cosmological constant at 5.7 sigma.
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