| 1. |
- Adigun, Jubril Gbolahan, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Artificial Intelligence Needs Stronger Assurances Driven by Risks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0018-9162 .- 1558-0814. ; 55:3, s. 52-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative artificial intelligence systems (CAISs) aim to work with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal, but this can pose hazards that could harm human beings. We identify emerging problems in this context and report our vision of and progress toward a risk-driven assurance process for CAISs.
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| 2. |
- Barthel, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering Children's Connection to Nature Through Authentic Situations : The Case of Saving Salamanders at School
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore how children learn to form new relationships with nature. It draws on a longitudinal case study of children participating in a stewardship project involving the conservation of salamanders during the school day in Stockholm, Sweden. The qualitative method includes two waves of data collection: when a group of 10-year-old children participated in the project (2015) and 2 years after they participated (2017). We conducted 49 interviews with children as well as using participant observations and questionnaires. We found indications that children developed sympathy for salamanders and increased concern and care for nature, and that such relationships persisted 2 years after participation. Our rich qualitative data suggest that whole situations of sufficient unpredictability triggering free exploration of the area, direct sensory contact and significant experiences of interacting with a species were important for children's development of affective relationships with the salamander species and with nature in an open-ended sense. Saving the lives of trapped animals enabled direct sensory interaction, feedback, increased understanding, and development of new skills for dynamically exploring further ways of saving species in an interactive process experienced as deeply meaningful, enjoyable and connecting. The behavioral setting instilled a sense of pride and commitment, and the high degree of responsibility given to the children while exploring the habitat during authentic situations enriched children's enjoyment. The study has implications for the design of education programs that aim to connect children with nature and for a child-sensitive urban policy that supports authentic nature situations in close spatial proximity to preschools and schools.
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| 3. |
- Castelnuovo, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? : Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use.Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form.Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results.Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy.
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| 4. |
- Colding, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited exposure to direct nature experiences is a worrying sign of urbanization, particularly for children. Experiencing nature during childhood shapes aspects of a personal relationship with nature, crucial for sustainable decision-making processes in adulthood. Scholars often stress the need to 'reconnect' urban dwellers with nature; however, few elaborate on how this can be achieved. Here, we argue that nature reconnection requires urban ecosystems, with a capacity to enable environmental learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, i.e., learning that occurs in the head, heart and hands of individuals. Drawing on environmental psychology, urban ecology, institutional analysis and urban planning, we present a theoretical framework for Human-Nature Connection (HNC), discuss the importance of nurturing HNC for children, elaborate on the role of property-rights and the importance of creating collective action arenas in cities for the promotion of urban resilience building. As values and environmental preconceptions underly environmental behavior, there are limits to achieving HNC in cities, as presumptive sentiments toward nature not always are positive. We end by discussing the role of new digital technologies in relation to HNC, and conclude by summarizing the major points brought forward herein, offering policy recommendations for HNC as a resilience strategy that can be adopted in cities throughout the world.
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| 5. |
- Fagerholm, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of pandemic outdoor recreation and green infrastructure in Nordic cities to enhance urban resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2661-8001. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent empirical research has confirmed the importance of green infrastructure and outdoor recreation to urban people’s well- being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only a few studies provide cross-city analyses. We analyse outdoor recreation behaviour across four Nordic cities ranging from metropolitan areas to a middle-sized city. We collected map based survey data from residents (n = 469–4992) in spring 2020 and spatially analyse green infrastructure near mapped outdoor recreation sites and respondents’ places of residence. Our statistical examination reveals how the interplay among access to green infrastructure across cities and at respondents’ residential location, together with respondents’ socio-demographic profiles and lockdown policies or pandemic restrictions, affects outdoor recreation behaviour. The results highlight that for pandemic resilience, the history of Nordic spatial planning is important. To support well-being in exceptional situations as well as in the long term, green infrastructure planning should prioritise nature wedges in and close to cities and support small-scale green infrastructure
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| 6. |
- Giusti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Bloch Analysis of General Periodic Structures With a Linearized Multimodal Transfer-Matrix Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 70:7, s. 5555-5562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic and efficient multimodal transfer-matrix approach is proposed for the comprehensive Bloch analysis of general 1-D/2-D/3-D periodic structures. We provide a linearization procedure for transforming the original nonlinear eigenvalue problem associated with 2-D/3-D structures to a standard one that can easily be solved without the need of a zero-searching algorithm in the complex plane. The proposed approach has been validated with bounded/open structures with complex geometries and/or inhomogeneous lossless/lossy materials. It demonstrates a significantly reduced computational time and leverages the strengths of full-wave simulators to deal with general problems and ad hoc quasi-analytical methods to give a fundamental understanding of the behavior of the structure. Also, it allows for an accurate evaluation of the imaginary part of the wavenumber, which offers information of material dissipation, stopband rejection, leakage, and complex modes.
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| 7. |
- Giusti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Linearized Multimodal Transfer-Matrix Approach Applied to 2-D Periodic Leaky-Wave Antennas
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 17TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, EUCAP. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linearized Multimodal Transfer-Matrix Approach (MMTMA) is a systematic hybrid solution to efficiently compute the dispersion analysis of two-/three-dimensional (2-/3-D) general periodic structures. This approach linearizes the nonlinear eigenvalue problem associated with 2-D/3-D periodic structures, avoiding the search for complex wavenumber solutions (both the phase and/or attenuation constants) in the complex plane. Here, MMTMA is explained and used for the Bloch analysis of a 2-D periodic leaky-wave antenna.
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| 8. |
- Giusti, Matteo, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework to Assess Where and How Children Connect to Nature
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of the green infrastructure in urban areas largely ignores how people's relation to nature, or human-nature connection (HNC), can be nurtured. One practical reason for this is the lack of a framework to guide the assessment of where people, and more importantly children, experience significant nature situations and establish nature routines. This paper develops such a framework. We employed a mixed-method approach to understand what qualities of nature situations connect children to nature (RQ1), what constitutes children's HNC (RQ2), and how significant nature situations and children's HNC relate to each other over time (RQ3). We first interviewed professionals in the field of connecting children to nature (N = 26), performed inductive thematic analysis of these interviews, and then further examined the inductive findings by surveying specialists (N = 275). We identified 16 qualities of significant nature situations (e.g., “awe,” “engagement of senses,” “involvement of mentors”) and 10 abilities that constitute children's HNC (e.g., “feeling comfortable in natural spaces,” “feeling attached to natural spaces,” “taking care of nature”). We elaborated three principles to answer our research questions: (1) significant nature situations are various and with differing consequences for children's HNC; (2) children's HNC is a complex embodied ability; (3) children's HNC progresses over time through diverse nature routines. Together, these findings form the Assessment framework for Children's Human Nature Situations (ACHUNAS). ACHUNAS is a comprehensive framework that outlines what to quantify or qualify when assessing “child-nature connecting” environments. It guides the assessment of where and how children connect to nature, stimulating both the design of nature-connecting human habitats as well as pedagogical approaches to HNC.
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| 9. |
- Giusti, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting land. A transdisciplinary workshop to envision a nature-connecting human habitat
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cities & Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-8834 .- 2374-8842. ; 7:2, s. 224-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of the human habitat can either promote or oppose healthy living, sustainable lifestyles, and the ability to value nature in people. The goal of this paper is to provide some insights to shape a transdisciplinary agenda for future human habitats that are socially and ecologically sustainable. This is what Connecting Land is. Through a planned workshop, 19 professionals from a variety of complementary backgrounds create a vision for Connecting Land and then discuss policy actions required to achieve such a vision. The produced vision highlights a physically and emotionally healthy community that celebrates local nature in their traditions and rituals. Nature experiences are next door and symbiosis with nature is the constant background of the inhabitants’ habits. The policy actions emerging from the workshop suggest that achieving Connecting Land requires integrated policies that simultaneously address children’s experience-based education, the elimination of physical barriers to nature access, and legal actions to establish the rights of natural elements. To this goal, synergies between the design of natural landscapes, children’s education, and short and long-term people’s wellbeing are worth further exploration in both academia and practice. Sustainable human habitats that promote a healthy and sustainable culture do not need to be utopian.
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| 10. |
- Giusti, Matteo, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a smartphone-based methodology that integrates long-term tracking of mobility, place experiences, heart rate variability, and subjective well-being
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents MyGävle, a smartphone application that merge long-term tracking of mobility data, heart rate variability and subjective and objective well-being records. Developed to address the challenges faced in researching healthy and sustainable lifestyles, this app serves as a pioneering implementation of Real-life Long-term Methodology (ReaLM). After eight months' use by 257 participants from Gävle (Sweden), we evaluate the completeness, accuracy, validity, and consistency of all data collected. MyGävle produced remarkable results as a ReaLM method. On average, it precisely tracked participants daily locations for approximately 8 h and accurately collected heart-rate variability values throughout the day (12 h) and night (6 h). Participants reported 5115 subjective place experiences (ranging from 160 to 120 per week) and seasonal participation, although declining, is accurate. Our findings indicate that the amount of data collected through smartphone sensors, fitness wristbands and in-app questionnaires is consistent enough to be leveraged for integrated assessments of habits, environmental exposure, and subjective and physiological well-being. Yet, considerable variation exists across individuals; thus diagnostic analysis must precede use of these datasets in any particular research endeavors. By doing so we can maximise the potential of ReaLM research to delve into real life conditions conducive to healthy living habits while also considering broader sustainability goals.
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