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- Da Via, C, et al.
(författare)
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Lightwave Analogue Links For LHC Detector Front-ends
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 344:1, s. 199-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on optical links for transferring analog and digital signals from the detector front-ends to the readout electronics at future high-luminosity colliders are reviewed. The advantages of external modulation techniques are discussed. An outline is given of the the R&D programme recently started at CERN by a collaboration involving high-energy physics institutes, optoelectronics research laboratories and industry, in order to develop electro-optic intensity modulator arrays, particularly for analogue applications, and to investigate the feasibility of volume production. The design of multichannel demonstrators in lithium niobate and III-V semiconductor technology is described. Preliminary results of the performance measurements are presented.
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- Rastegarfar, Houman, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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TCP Flow Classification and Bandwidth Aggregation in Optically Interconnected Data Center Networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - : The Optical Society. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 8:10, s. 777-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical functionality is being used to realize new data center architectures that minimize electronic switching overheads, pushing the processing to the edge of the network. A challenge in optically interconnected data center networks is to identify the large, bandwidth-hungry flows ( i.e., elephants) and efficiently establish the optical circuits. Moreover, the amount of optical resources to be provisioned during the network planning phase is a critical design problem. Flow classification accuracy affects the efficiency of optical circuits. Optical channel bandwidth, on the other hand, directly relates to the additive-increase, multiplicative-decrease congestion control mechanism of the transmission control protocol and affects the effective bandwidth allocated to elephant flows. In this paper, we simultaneously investigate the impact of two important mechanisms on data center network performance: traffic flow classification accuracy and optical bandwidth aggregation ( i.e., the consolidation of several low-capacity channels into a single high-capacity one by employing advanced modulation formats for short-reach communications). We develop a discrete-event simulator for a hybrid data center network, enabling the tuning of flow classification parameters. Our simulations indicate that data center performance is highly sensitive to the aggregation level. We could observe up to a 74.5% improvement in network throughput only due to consolidating the optical channel bandwidth. We further noticed that the role of flow classification becomes more pronounced with higher bandwidth per wavelength as well as with more hot-spot traffic. Compared to a random classification benchmark, adaptive flow classification could lead to throughput improvements as large as 54.7%.
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- Rastegarfar, Houman, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Circuit Granularity Impact in TCP-Dominant Hybrid Data Center Networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, ICNC 2017. - 9781509045884 ; , s. 318-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid networking, based on electronic packet switching and optical circuit switching, has been proposed to resolve the existing switching bottlenecks in data centers in an energy-efficient and cost-effective fashion. We consider the problem of resource provisioning in hybrid data centers in terms of optical circuit switching capacity and granularity. The number of fibers connected to server racks, the number of wavelengths per fiber, and the ratio of capacity provided by the optical circuit-switched portion of the network to that of the electronic packet-switched portion are crucial design parameters to be optimized during the data center planning phase. These parameters in conjunction with the additive-increase, multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) congestion control mechanism of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) pose a significant impact on data center network performance. In this paper, we examine the combined impact of optical bandwidth settings and TCP dynamics using event-driven simulations. Our analysisreveals the strong dependence of overall network throughput on channel capacity (i.e., the bit rate per wavelength channel) and points to the advantages of optical bandwidth consolidation employing higher-order modulation formats.
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- Smith, Daniel G. A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases (QCDB) and Quantum Chemistry Engine (QCEngine) : Automation and interoperability among computational chemistry programs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 155:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community efforts in the computational molecular sciences (CMS) are evolving toward modular, open, and interoperable interfaces that work with existing community codes to provide more functionality and composability than could be achieved with a single program. The Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases (QCDB) project provides such capability through an application programming interface (API) that facilitates interoperability across multiple quantum chemistry software packages. In tandem with the Molecular Sciences Software Institute and their Quantum Chemistry Archive ecosystem, the unique functionalities of several CMS programs are integrated, including CFOUR, GAMESS, NWChem, OpenMM, Psi4, Qcore, TeraChem, and Turbomole, to provide common computational functions, i.e., energy, gradient, and Hessian computations as well as molecular properties such as atomic charges and vibrational frequency analysis. Both standard users and power users benefit from adopting these APIs as they lower the language barrier of input styles and enable a standard layout of variables and data. These designs allow end-to-end interoperable programming of complex computations and provide best practices options by default.
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- T, Schleyer, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing oral medicine through informatics and information technology: a proposed framework and strategy.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oral diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X. ; 17:Suppl 1, s. 85-94
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The implementation of information technology in healthcare is a significant focus for many nations around the world. However, information technology support for clinical care, research and education in oral medicine is currently poorly developed. This situation hampers our ability to transform oral medicine into a 'learning healthcare discipline' in which the divide between clinical practice and research is diminished and, ultimately, eliminated. This paper reviews the needs of and requirements for information technology support of oral medicine and proposes an agenda designed to meet those needs. For oral medicine, this agenda includes analyzing and reviewing current clinical and documentation practices, working toward progressively standardizing clinical data, and helping define requirements for oral medicine systems. IT professionals can contribute by conducting baseline studies about the use of electronic systems, helping develop controlled vocabularies and ontologies, and designing, implementing, and evaluating novel systems centered on the needs of clinicians, researchers and educators. Successfully advancing IT support for oral medicine will require close coordination and collaboration among oral medicine professionals, information technology professionals, system vendors, and funding agencies. If current barriers and obstacles are overcome, practice and research in oral medicine stand ready to derive significant benefits from the application of information technology.
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