| 1. |
- Dillman, Karen L., et al.
(author)
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New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, USA
- 2012
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In: Herzogia. - : Herzogia. - 0018-0971. ; 25:2, s. 177-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, U.S.A. - Herzogia 25: 177-210. Surveys of lichens and lichenicolous fungi have been taking place in the U.S. state of Alaska for more than 160 years, but until now assessing the full extent of their diversity has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive and synonymized baseline inventory. In this paper we will begin to redress this by resolving outstanding nomenclatural issues and providing voucher data for a forthcoming catalog of Alaskan lichens, specifically: 1) synonymization,and/or resolution of status of species previously reported from Alaska, with emphasis on Alaskan types; 2) species new to the Alaska lichen biota; and 3) biogeographically significant new records from within Alaska. We report 91 species new to the flora of Alaska, including 65 lichens, three saprophytic calicioid fungi and 23 lichenicolous fungi. Of these, we report thirteen species, Biatora sphaeroidiza, Biatorella conspurcans, Chaenothecopsis arthoniae, Collemopsidium foveolatum, Dactylospora frigida, Halospora discrepans, Lecanora bryopsora, Opegrapha geographicola, Peltigera lyngei, Petractis clausa, Protoblastenia cyclospora, Thelocarpon impressellum and Usnea cylindrica as new to North America. In addition, Arthonia pruinata and Flavocetraria minuscula are new to Canada and Adelococcus alpestris new to the United States. We further place the following five names into synonymy: Lecania disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge [= Halecania alpivaga (Th.Fr.) M.Mayrhofer], Lecidea pallidella Nyl. [= Lecania subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman], Lempholemma triptodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Leciophysma finmarkicum Th.Fr.), Polyblastia obtenta (Nyl.) Lynge [= Sporodictyon terrestre (Th.Fr.) S.Savic & Tibell], and Verrucaria pernigrata Nyl. [= Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt]. We propose restoring the long overlooked taxon Polyblastia exalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr., currently known only from Alaska, to the North American lichen checklist. Finally, we propose the new combination Puttea caesia (Fr.) M.Svensson & T.Sprib. to replace Lecidea symmictella Nyl., which becomes a synonym.
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| 2. |
- Divakar, Pradeep K., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi
- 2015
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In: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 208:4, s. 1217-1226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We studied the evolutionary history of the Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. We assembled a six-locus data set including nuclear, mitochondrial and low-copy protein-coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The lichenicolous lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, and a new generic name is introduced for one of these fungi. In all cases, the independent origins occurred c. 24 million yr ago. Further, we show that the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene were key periods when diversification of major lineages within Parmeliaceae occurred, with subsequent radiations occurring primarily during the Oligocene and Miocene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the independent origin of lichenicolous fungi associated with climatic shifts at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Moreover, diversification bursts at different times may be crucial factors driving the diversification of Parmeliaceae. Additionally, our study provides novel insight into evolutionary relationships in this large and diverse family of lichen-forming ascomycetes.
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| 3. |
- Miadlikowska, Jolanta, et al.
(author)
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A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families.
- 2014
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9513 .- 1055-7903. ; 79:Online 18 April 2014, s. 132-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized Fungi, and one of the most species-rich classes in the kingdom. Here we provide a multigene phylogenetic synthesis (using three ribosomal RNA-coding and two protein-coding genes) of the Lecanoromycetes based on 635 newly generated and 3307 publicly available sequences representing 1139 taxa, 317 genera, 66 families, 17 orders and five subclasses (four currently recognized: Acarosporomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Umbilicariomycetidae; and one provisionarily recognized, 'Candelariomycetidae'). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on four multigene datasets assembled using a cumulative supermatrix approach with a progressively higher number of species and missing data (5-gene, 5+4-gene, 5+4+3-gene and 5+4+3+2-gene datasets) show that the current classification includes non-monophyletic taxa at various ranks, which need to be recircumscribed and require revisionary treatments based on denser taxon sampling and more loci. Two newly circumscribed orders (Arctomiales and Hymeneliales in the Ostropomycetidae) and three families (Ramboldiaceae and Psilolechiaceae in the Lecanorales, and Strangosporaceae in the Lecanoromycetes inc. sed.) are introduced. The potential resurrection of the families Eigleraceae and Lopadiaceae is considered here to alleviate phylogenetic and classification disparities. An overview of the photobionts associated with the main fungal lineages in the Lecanoromycetes based on available published records is provided. A revised schematic classification at the family level in the phylogenetic context of widely accepted and newly revealed relationships across Lecanoromycetes is included. The cumulative addition of taxa with an increasing amount of missing data (i.e., a cumulative supermatrix approach, starting with taxa for which sequences were available for all five targeted genes and ending with the addition of taxa for which only two genes have been sequenced) revealed relatively stable relationships for many families and orders. However, the increasing number of taxa without the addition of more loci also resulted in an expected substantial loss of phylogenetic resolving power and support (especially for deep phylogenetic relationships), potentially including the misplacements of several taxa. Future phylogenetic analyses should include additional single copy protein-coding markers in order to improve the tree of the Lecanoromycetes. As part of this study, a new module ("Hypha") of the freely available Mesquite software was developed to compare and display the internodal support values derived from this cumulative supermatrix approach.
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| 4. |
- Spribille, Toby, et al.
(author)
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Contributions to an epiphytic lichen flora of northwest North America: I. Eight new species from British Columbia inland rain forests
- 2009
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In: The Bryologist. - 0007-2745 .- 1938-4378. ; 112:1, s. 109-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent surveys of the inland rain forests of British Columbia and adjacentregions have brought to light an unexpectedly rich epiphytic lichen flora, including severalspecies apparently new to science. In the first of a series of papers, we describe eight speciesdiscovered during these surveys as new: Absconditella amabilis T. Sprib. (Ostropales),Bacidina contecta S. Ekman & T. Sprib., Biatora aureolepra T. Sprib. & Tønsberg, Biatoraligni-mollis T. Sprib. & Printzen (all Lecanorales), Collema coniophilum Goward(Peltigerales), Pertusaria diluta C. Bjo¨rk, G. Thor & T. Wheeler (Pertusariales), Schaereriabrunnea C. Bjo¨rk, T. Sprib. & T. Wheeler (Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis) andScoliciosporum abietinum T. Sprib. (Lecanorales). We also call attention to a ninth species,Bacidina sp. A, a poorly known and possibly undescribed colonizer of moribundcyanolichens. A majority of the above species appear to be confined to old-growth forests,while two (Biatora ligni-mollis and Schaereria brunnea) are currently known only from‘‘antique’’ forests older than about 500 years. Many additional undescribed epiphyticlichens are known from inland rain forests, underscoring the need for further baselinebiodiversity research in light of its ongoing disappearance as a result of resource extraction.In addition to the eight new species, we report Absconditella celata as new to NorthAmerica, Absconditella lignicola as new to Canada and Montana, Bacidina chloroticula asnew to British Columbia and Gyalideopsis piceicola as new to Montana.
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| 5. |
- Thell, Arne, et al.
(author)
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A revision of the North American lichen genus Ahtiana.
- 1995
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In: Bryologist. - 1938-4378. ; 98:4, s. 595-605
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formerly monotypic genus Ahtiana (type species: A. sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward is shown to include two additional species, A. aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randl. and A. pallidula (Riddle) Goward & Thell. All three species are endemic to North America, and are characterized by their greenish yellow upper surface, globose ascospores, and caperatic acid in the medulla. The habitat ecology of these lichens is very specialized. Ahtiana is presumably most closely related to Tuckneraria Randl. & Thell and other cetrarioid genera having globose ascospores.
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| 6. |
- Thell, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Kaernefeltia, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae.
- 1996
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In: Bryologist. - 1938-4378. ; 99:2, s. 125-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new cetrarioid genus, Kaernefeltia Thell & Goward is described to accommodate Cetraria californica and C. merrillii, both of which are characterized by small, broadly clavate asci, slightly capitate paraphyses, disc-bar-shaped pycnoconidia and several distinctive fatty acids.
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| 7. |
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