| 1. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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An industrial test of measuring saw mismatch using laser triangulation
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sawing yield is an important parameter for the sawmill profit. One way to increase the sawing yield is by a reduced saw kerf width, an adapted shrinking allowance, and a lower sawing allowance. The Swedish sawmills on the other hand see a risk of poorer sawing accuracy and sawing precision and at worst, more frequent saw blade failures. One problem with a reduced saw kerf width is the saw mismatch that may occur in double arbor saw machines. Saw mismatch occurs when the saw blades are displaced in axial direction with respect to each other due to wear, heat or mechanical disturbance. In this study the aim was to test the robustness of a laser triangulation unit used for measuring saw mismatch during sawmill operation. The aim was also to find a suitable response variable for saw mismatch which was evaluated by using the cant height, feed speed and average top diameter of the logs as predicting variables in a partial least squares regression. The goodness of prediction for each response variable was used to compare the response variables with each other. The results showed that the robustness when measuring saw mismatch by laser triangulation during ongoing sawmill production was satisfactory. The response variable with the best goodness of prediction (Q2 = 0.135) was defined using a sliding window with a size of 500 boards. Each element of the response variable was calculated as the share of boards within the sliding window exceeding a threshold value of 0.5 mm. This response variable was positively correlated with the cant height, feed speed and average top diameter of the log. Future work requires a designed experiment where the predicting variables are varied systematically and where the effect of characteristics and wear of the saw blades is also considered.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Customer adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber using a multivariate method
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30:1, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define new grading rules, or to customize the ones in use in a rule-based automatic grading system of boards, is a time-consuming job for a sawmill engineer. This has the effect that changes are rarely made. The objective of this study was to continue the development of a method that replaces the calibration of grading rule settings by a holistic-subjective automatic grading, using multivariate models. The objective was also to investigate if this approach can improve sawmill profitability and at the same time have a satisfied customer. For the study, 323 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) boards were manually graded according to preferences of an important customer. That is, a customer that regularly purchases significant volumes of sawn timber. This manual grading was seen as reference grading in this work. The same boards were also scanned and graded by a rule-based automatic grading system, calibrated for the same customer. Multivariate models for prediction of board grade based on aggregated knot variables, obtained from the scanning, were calibrated using partial least squares regression. The results show that prediction of board grades by the multivariate models were more correct, with respect to the manual grading, than the grading by the rule-based automatic grading system. The prediction of board grades based on multivariate models resulted in 76-87% of the boards graded correctly, according to the manual grading, while the corresponding number was 63% for the rule-based automatic grading system.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of saw mismatch in double arbor saw machines using laser triangulation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 8:4, s. 219-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the sawing process of a sawmill, not only are the target sizes of great importance. The saw mismatch that may occur in double arbor saw machines is also an essential parameter that affects the planing allowance, as well as the quality of the sawn products. In this study, a newly developed measurement equipment for detecting saw mismatch in the green sorting line of a sawmill has been evaluated in an initial experimental test. The obtained data has been compared to manual measurements of saw mismatch with good results. Also, based on a small sample, 75 – 95% of the boards with a maximal saw mismatch exceeding 0.5 mm are detected. The rate of detection depends on the number of cameras used.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Improved log rotation using information from a computed tomography scanner
- 2013
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Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699 .- 1872-7107. ; 90, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of an industrial computed tomography scanner for the sawmilling industry raises the question of how to find a production strategy that uses a computed tomography scanner in the sawmill production line to its full potential. This study was focused on a Scandinavian sawmill processing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). The potential value increase when allowing an alternative log rotation other than the horns down position was investigated using a log breakdown simulation. The resulting data was analysed with respect to the size of the log rotational step, an introduced rotational error of the sawing machine and different price differences between the quality grades. It was also of interest to define the outer log properties that characterise the logs sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position compared to logs sawn for a greater profit return in a different log rotation. Such characteristics can be used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in an optimisation and consider instead other parameters, such as positioning and sawing pattern. Other defects such as pitch pockets, splits and rot are also of interest. The results shows that there is a potential value increase when applying the log rotation that maximises the value for each log instead of processing all logs in the horns down position. However, the potential value increase depends on the rotational error of the used sawing machine and the price differences between the quality grades. The log properties that differ between logs sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position compared to a different log rotation are the bow height and the log taper. Unfortunately, predictability of log rotation for greatest profit return based on the outer properties of logs is poor. It is not possible to differentiate logs which would be sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position from those where a different log rotation results in the greatest profit return, based only on their outer properties.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Project: CT-Pro
- 2012
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektet är finansierat av WoodWisdom-Net, VINNOVA, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. och medverkande företag. Syftet med projektet är att visa att det är möjligt att extrahera ut viktig och detaljerad information från en timmerstock med hjälp av en speciellt utvecklad röntgenskanner och sedan utnyttja denna information i produktionsstategier för att öka värdet i den träindustiella värdekedjan.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Breinig, Lorenz, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of knot detection inaccuracy on value recovery improvement when using a CT log scanner for sawing control
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 63:7-8, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roundwood scanners utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT) provide the information required for individual log-sawing optimization. However, errors in the automated detection of quality-relevant internal wood features for sawing control may lead to improper log positioning at breakdown, impairing the realization of value recovery potential. It is thus of interest to have an estimation of the impact of feature detection errors on the performance of sawing optimization. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of errors in knot detection on a breakdown optimization by adjustment of log rotation. Therefore, sawing simulations were performed with the geometric descriptions of log shape and internal knots extracted from the CT scans of 57 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) logs. Three types of artificially set knot description errors were tested under different pricing and product scenarios, each in different magnitudes as systematic or random error. Errors in knot diameter were found to have the greatest impact for both systematic and random errors. The effect of errors in dead knot border radial position was less pronounced but still substantial for higher error levels, while errors in knot rotational position could be neglected even for the highest magnitudes of error tested. The assumed price differentiation between product qualities had a major influence on the impact of the errors. It could be observed that with errors of higher magnitudes than those reported for present knot detection algorithms, an improvement in value recovery compared with outer-shape–based optimization still resulted in the simulated rotation optimization.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Grönlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nordkalottfura
- 1992
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Grönlund, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Dose painting by numbers based on retrospectively determined recurrence probabilities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 122:2, s. 236-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: The aim of this study is to derive "dose painting by numbers" prescriptions from retrospectively observed recurrence volumes in a patient group treated with conventional radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: The spatial relation between retrospectively observed recurrence volumes and pre-treatment standardized uptake values (SUV) from fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging was determined. Based on this information we derived SUV driven dose-response functions and used these to optimize ideal dose redistributions under the constraint of equal average dose to the tumor volumes as for a conventional treatment. The response functions were also implemented into a treatment planning system for realistic dose optimization. Results: The calculated tumor control probabilities (TCP) increased between 0.1-14.6% by the ideal dose redistributions for all included patients, where patients with larger and more heterogeneous tumors got greater increases than smaller and more homogeneous tumors. Conclusions: Dose painting prescriptions can be derived from retrospectively observed recurrence volumes spatial relation to pre-treatment FDG-PET image data. The ideal dose redistributions could significantly increase the TCP for patients with large tumor volumes and large spread in SUV from FDG-PET. The results yield a basis for prospective studies to determine the clinical value for dose painting of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
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