| 1. |
- Andersson Grönlund, Marita, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 84:2, s. 169-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To characterize ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional comprehensive ophthalmological investigation was performed on a sample of 143 children (67 girls, 76 boys) aged 4-15 years.RESULTS: Visual acuity (VA) in the better eye >or=1.0 (0.3 logMAR). Amblyopia was found in 0.7% of subjects. A total of 68% of the children had no refractive errors. Hyperopia (>or=2.0 dioptres [D] in spherical equivalent [SE]) was found in 9% and myopia (>or=0.5 D SE) in 6% of children. Astigmatism (>or=0.75 D) was recorded in 22% and anisometropia (>or=1.0 D SE) in 3%. A total of 8% were optically corrected. Strabismus was recorded in 3.5%. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were reported in 3% of the children.CONCLUSION: This sample of Swedish children may serve as a comparison group regarding ophthalmological findings in children aged 4-15 years.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Strabismus and binocular functions in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Strabismus. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0927-3972 .- 1744-5132. ; 13:2, s. 55-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate strabismus, head posture, nystagmus, stereoacuity, ocular motility, near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a sample of Swedish children. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 children, 4-15 years of age. RESULTS: Heterotropia was found in five children (3.5%), four with esotropia and one with exotropia. One child with esotropia had a slight overaction of both inferior oblique muscles. Heterophoria was found in 37 children (26%) at near and/or distance fixation and it was four times more common at near than at distance. In 29 children, heterophoria was found at one distance only and orthophoria at the other. Orthophoria at both near and distance fixation was noted in 101 children (70.5%). The near point of convergence was < or =6 cm in 97% of the children and 97% had stereoacuity of 60" or better. In the whole group, the median AC/A ratio calculated with the heterophoria method was 5.6/1 prism diopters/diopters (PD/D) and with the gradient method, 1.3/1 PD/D. No anomalous head postures or nystagmus were observed and all children had normal versions. CONCLUSION: In this study, 143 well-defined children were investigated with a battery of accurately described tests, commonly used in clinical practice. These results are in agreement with those of other studies examining one or few variables in larger populations and the authors therefore conclude that their results may be used for comparisons with different patient groups.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
-
Ocular dimensions in relation to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 92:7, s. 682-688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose was to characterize normal growth patterns of ocular and optical components and to relate them to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15years. MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 Swedish children with a mean age of 9.8years. Variables including gestational age (GA), weight, length and head circumference (HCF) at birth and at the time of assessment were registered. Visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic refraction and biometric measures were obtained. Palpebral fissure length and inner canthal distance were measured. Optic disc morphology as seen on fundus photographs was analysed. ResultsChildren born more mature, with male predilection, were found to have deeper anterior and vitreous chamber depths, longer axial lengths and thinner crystalline lens thickness. No correlations were found between ocular biometric measurements and VA or refraction after adjustment for confounding variables. Inner canthal distance was significantly correlated with birth length (p=0.03), height, weight, BMI and HCF (p=0.0008, p=0.0007, p=0.037, and p=0.04, respectively) at time of assessment. Total axial length was found to be significantly correlated with GA (p=0.0226) and length at assessment in girls (p=0.0084). Right optic disc and rim areas decreased with increasing age (p=0.0078 and p=0.0107, respectively); however, optic disc parameters were not dependent on any other variable. ConclusionThese normative values may serve as a basis for the ocular findings and their relationship to auxological data in Caucasian children aged 4-15years, as well as for future comparison in patients with paediatric ocular pathologies.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual fixation development in children.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 245:11, s. 1659-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The ability to keep steady fixation on a target is one of several aspects of good visual function. However, there are few reports on visual fixation during childhood in healthy children. METHODS: An infrared eye-tracking device (Orbit) was used to analyse binocular fixation behaviour in 135 non-clinical participants aged 4-15 years. The children wore goggles and their heads were restrained using a chin and forehead rest, while binocularly fixating a stationary target for 20 s. RESULTS: The density of fixations around the centre of gravity increased with increasing age (p < 0.01), and the time of fixation without intruding movements increased with increasing age (p = 0.02), while intruding saccades decreased with increasing age (p < 0.01). The number of blinks and drifts did not differ between 4 and 15 years, and there were no significant differences with regard to gender or laterality in any of the investigated variables. No nystagmus was observed. CONCLUSION: This study establishes values for visual fixation behaviour in a non-clinical population aged 4-15 years, which can be used for identifying children with fixation abnormalities.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
