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- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; , s. 133-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
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- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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E4-Mistra, a research program for the development of an energy efficient low emission exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4530-4536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic - industrial research program, E4 Mistra, to reach the goals of energy efficiency and low emissions exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, on-board hydrogen production for use in both an auxiliary power unit and for NOx reduction and by finding new solutions for making the after-treatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions a mechanical filter using a sintered metal filter is developed. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The system is based on four technological advances: Thermoelectric material s for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using hydrocarbons from the fuel and H2 from a high efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter.
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- Gabrielsson, Hanna, 1977-
(författare)
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Adults with Spina bifida : voices from everyday life and exploration of living conditions
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge about living with Spina bifida, by mapping the condition and together with the adults with Spina bifida explore their living conditions and experiences in everyday life. Methods Study I was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. In Study II, individual experiences of daily life were explored by deep interviews using a reflective lifeworld approach. Study III had a participatory approach including five members of a photovoice group who met for eight sessions. Photographs taken by the members served as a starting point for the dialogue about what was of interest in their daily life. A narrative analysis was conducted by the researchers, incorporating the analysis the group did together. Study IV focused on alignment with the methodology in which photovoice is grounded. By returning to the ideological cornerstones of photovoice, the empirical experiences from Study III and examples from the literature were elaborated through processes within photovoice. The findings show that those adults with Spina bifida who were >46 years old had less complex medical conditions and better physical and cognitive functions, and had attained a higher level of education. The main theme in Study II was presented as “The contradictory path towards wellbeing in daily life.” In Study III, the members’ experiences in everyday life showed that many solutions offered by society were “An adaptation for us, but it works for no one.” The findings are further presented under three themes: “Accessibility – a never-ending project,” “Tensions of a normative view” and “Power to influence.” By focusing on action and narrative in Study IV, it is shown that dialogue, action, and interaction are important aspects of using photovoice. In conclusion, not all adult persons receive the support they need in everyday life, something future generations of adult persons with Spina bifida may have a higher need for. The stories and experiences of adults with Spina bifida in this thesis paint a history of not being asked, concerning their own situation. This shows that there is insufficient integration of the persons’ experiences in society’s efforts to plan for, and support, these individuals. The photovoice method was feasible for this group, providing opportunity for being part of dialogue, action, and interaction.
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- Gunnarsson, Fredrik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Combining HC-SCR over Ag/Al2O3 and hydrogen generation over Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 using biofuels : An integrated system approach for real applications
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 162, s. 583-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract We report on a high NOx reduction activity over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts, using hydrogen produced in a fuel reformer. The focus of the study is to evaluate the performance of a hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) catalyst in real conditions. Initially, the catalytic materials for the fuel reformer (Rh/CeO2-ZrO2) and the HC-SCR (Ag/Al2O3) were evaluated in separate bench-scale reactor setups. These two setups were subsequently joined into an integrated bench-scale reactor setup with the aim to evaluate the influence of the reformate on the HC-SCR activity in a controlled environment. In the final phase of the study a 4 wt.% Ag/Al2O3 catalyst doped with 100 ppm(w) Pt was scaled up and tested in a pilot-scale reactor setup. The pilot-scale reactor setup enabled evaluation of the HC-SCR activity in real exhaust gases generated by a single cylinder engine (genset) together with a hydrogen-rich gas supplied from a fuel reformer. Commercial biodiesel (NExBTL) was used as reducing agent for the HC-SCR as well as fuel in the fuel reformer for both the bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments. This study gives an excellent link between evaluations of the catalytic materials, controlled bench-scale experiments and applied engine experiments, proving a viable concept for lean NOx reduction together with onboard hydrogen production. A NOx conversion of above 70% was reached at temperatures below 250 °C, in bench-scale experiments when hydrogen produced in the fuel reformer is added.
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- Mahdi, Soheil, et al.
(författare)
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An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 27:10, s. 1305-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the fourth and final study designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, and children and youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate aspects of functioning and environment of individuals with ADHD as documented by the ICF-CY in clinical practice settings. An international cross-sectional multi-centre study was applied, involving nine units from eight countries: Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Taiwan. Clinicians and clinical researchers rated the functioning level of 112 children, adolescents and adults with ADHD using the extended ICF-CY checklist version 2.1a. The ratings were based on a variety of information sources, such as medical records, medical history, clinical observations, clinical questionnaires, psychometric tests and structured interviews with participants and family members. In total, 113 ICF-CY categories were identified, of which 50 were related to the activities and participation, 33 to environmental factors and 30 to body functions. The clinical study also yielded strengths related to ADHD, which included temperament and personality functions and recreation and leisure. The study findings endorse the complex nature of ADHD, as evidenced by the many functional and contextual domains impacted in ADHD. ICF-CY based tools can serve as foundation for capturing various functional profiles and environmental facilitators and barriers. The international nature of the ICF-CY makes it possible to develop user-friendly tools that can be applied globally and in multiple settings, ranging from clinical services and policy-making to education and research.
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Människan i skogen, skogen i människan : Miun Research Exhibition
- 2021
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Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- Med utställningen Människan i skogen, skogen i människan vill projektet belysa ett antal aktuella och viktiga frågor för vår region och samtid, samlade under ett tema: skog och hållbar utveckling. I utställningen får besökaren möta kunskap och perspektiv från fem forskare och forskargrupper vid Mittuniversitetet. Forskarna är verksamma inom biologi, ekoteknik, historia, litteraturvetenskap respektive turismvetenskap. Forskningens olika perspektiv länkas i utställningen samman genom sina förhållningssätt till tid, såsom avgörande för förståelse, kunskap och handling. De olika forskningsinriktningarna visar också fram spänningar mellan olika synsätt på skog och kan tillsammans ge flera svar och berättelser om skogens värden. En arbetsgrupp vid Universitetsbiblioteket står för gestaltning och produktion av utställningen.
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