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- Sumnik, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Persistent heterogeneity in diabetes technology reimbursement for children with type 1 diabetes: The SWEET perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 20:4, s. 434-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Frequent use of modern diabetes technologies increases the chance for optimal type 1 diabetes (T1D) control. Limited reimbursement influences the access of patients with T1D to these modalities and could worsen their prognosis. We aimed to describe the situation of reimbursement for insulins, glucometers, insulin pumps (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for children with T1D in European countries participating in the SWEET Project and to compare data from EU countries with data from our previous study in 2009. Methods: The study was conducted between March 2017 and August 2017. First, we approached diabetes technology companies with a survey to map the reimbursement of insulins and diabetic devices. The data collected from these companies were then validated by members of the SWEET consortium. Results: We collected data from 29 European countries, whereas all types of insulins are mostly fully covered, heterogeneity was observed regarding the reimbursement of strips for glucometers (from 90 strips/month to no limit). CSII is readily available in 20 of 29 countries. Seven countries reported significant quota issues or obstacles for CSII prescription, and two countries had no CSII reimbursement. CGM is at least partially reimbursed in 17 of 29 countries. The comparison with the 2009 study showed an increasing availability of CSII and CGM across the EU. Conclusions: Although innovative diabetes technology is available, a large proportion of children with T1D still do not benefit from it due to its limited reimbursement. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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- Bergman, Peter N., et al.
(författare)
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Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:2, s. 195-203:42, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. Participants: A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. Methods: Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. Results: Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
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- Hodik, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Enterovirus infection of human islets of Langerhans affects beta-cell function resulting in disintegrated islets, decreased glucose stimulated insulin secretion and loss of Golgi structure
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), most insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed, but the trigger is unknown. One of the possible triggers is a virus infection and the aim of this study was to test if enterovirus infection affects glucose stimulated insulin secretion and the effect of virus replication on cellular macromolecules and organelles involved in insulin secretion. Methods: Isolated human islets were infected with different strains of coxsackievirus B (CVB) virus and the glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS) was measured in a dynamic perifusion system. Classical morphological electron microscopy, large-scale electron microscopy, so-called nanotomy, and immunohistochemistry were used to study to what extent virus-infected beta cells contained insulin, and real-time PCR was used to analyze virus induced changes of islet specific genes. Results: In islets infected with CVB, GSIS was reduced in correlation with the degree of virus-induced islet disintegration. The expression of the gene encoding insulin was decreased in infected islets, whereas the expression of glucagon was not affected. Also, in islets that were somewhat disintegrated, there were uninfected beta cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that virus particles and virus replication complexes were only present in beta cells. There was a significant number of insulin granules remaining in the virus-infected beta cells, despite decreased expression of insulin mRNA. In addition, no typical Golgi apparatus was detected in these cells. Exposure of islets to synthetic dsRNA potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Conclusions/interpretation: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; organelles involved in insulin secretion and gene expression were all affected by CVB replication in beta cells.
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- Ivarsson, Ylva, 1976-
(författare)
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Evolutionary Analysis and Posttranslational Chemical Modifications in Protein Redesign : A Study on Mu Class Glutathione Transferases
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glutathione transferases (GSTs) constitute a family of multifarious enzymes that conjugate glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of electrophiles. GSTs are grouped into different classes based on protein sequence similarities. Despite high sequence identities between GSTs of the same class they often display different substrate specificites. Human GST M1-1 is efficiently catalyzing the conjugation of GSH and various epoxide substrates, whereas the 84% sequence-identical GST M2-2 has low activities with the same substrates.Evolutionary rate analysis was used to identify hypervariable amino acid positions among GST Mu class sequences. A Thr to Ser conversion of the variable residue 210 in GST M2-2 elicited a drastic increase in catalytic activity with epoxides, which is the characteristic activity of GST M1-1. This provides support for the usefulness of evolutionary analysis in identifying functionally important residues, although the additional mutations of two other variable residues did not confer any noteworthy changes in activity.To further investigate the functional importance of residue T210 in GST M2-2 it was replaced by all other commonly occurring amino acids. The replacements caused marked changes in substrate specificity, stability, and expressivity, indicating how functionalities of a duplicated Mu class GST may easily be altered by point mutations. The stereo- and regioselectivity in epoxide-conjugation catalyzed by GSTs M1-1 and M2-2 was investigated. The results show that a serine in position 210 is beneficial for high enantioselectivity with trans-stilbene oxide. However, an alanine in position 210 is more favorable for stereo- and regioselectivity with the smaller epoxide substrate styrene-7,8-oxide. The low enantioselectivity of GST M1-1 was improved 10- and 9- fold with styrene-7,8-oxide and 1-phenylpropylene oxide, respectively, through different combination of site-specific mutations and posttranslational chemical modifications. The approach can be employed in more extensive screening experiments where a large variety of modifications easily can be tested.
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- Koc-Januchta, Marta, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizers versus verbalizers : Effects of cognitive style on learning with texts and pictures - An eye-tracking study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 68, s. 170-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was conducted in order to examine the differences between visualizers and verbalizers in the way they gaze at pictures and texts while learning. Using a collection of questionnaires, college students were classified according to their visual or verbal cognitive style and were asked to learn about two different, in terms of subject and type of knowledge, topics by means of text-picture combinations. Eye-tracking was used to investigate their gaze behavior. The results show that visualizers spent significantly more time inspecting pictures than verbalizers, while verbalizers spent more time inspecting texts. Results also suggest that both visualizers' and verbalizers' way of learning is active but mostly within areas providing the source of information in line with their cognitive style (pictures or text). Verbalizers tended to enter non-informative, irrelevant areas of pictures sooner than visualizers. The comparison of learning outcomes showed that the group of visualizers achieved better results than the group of verbalizers on a comprehension test.
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