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- Gurnell, Angela M., et al.
(författare)
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The geomorphological context and impact of the linear emergent macrophyte, Sparganium erectum L. : a statistical analysis of observations from British rivers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. - : Wiley. - 0197-9337 .- 1096-9837. ; 38:15, s. 1869-1880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the geomorphological context and impact of the widely-occurring, linear emergent macrophyte, Sparganium erectum. Forty-seven sites across Britain were selected for field investigation, spanning the range of environmental conditions within which Sparganium erectum had been found to be present in previous analyses of national data sets. A combination of descriptive graphs and statistics, principal components analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to explore the large multivariate data set collected at the 47 sites. The analyses showed that Sparganium erectum is present in significant quantities in relatively narrow and shallow (< 18m wide and<0.9m deep to the limit of terrestrial vegetation), low gradient (maximum 0.004) channels of varying bed sediment calibre (cobble to silt). Within these environments, S. erectum stands (features) were associated with fine sediment retention, aggradation and submerged landform construction, leading to bench development and so, potentially, to adjustments in channel form and position. Sediment retention and landform construction within S. erectum features was most strongly apparent within reaches with a relatively high S. erectum cover and the presence of large area S. erectum features. It was also associated more weakly with S. erectum features that were comprised of relatively higher densities of plants with relatively smaller inter-plant spacing and fewer leaves. The sediment retained in S. erectum features and associated bench and bank toe deposits showed larger numbers and species of viable seeds, indicating the potential for colonization and growth of other species on S. erectum features once they aggrade above the low flow water level and are no longer a suitable habitat for S. erectum.
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- Ho, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Pituitary Neoplasm Nomenclature Workshop: Does Adenoma Stand the Test of Time?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Endocrine Society. - : The Endocrine Society. - 2472-1972. ; 5:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumours designates pituitary neoplasms as adenomas. A proposed nomenclature change to pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) has been met with concern by some stakeholder groups. The Pituitary Society coordinated the Pituitary Neoplasm Nomenclature (PANOMEN) workshop to address the topic. Experts in pituitary developmental biology, pathology, neurosurgery, endocrinology, and oncology, including representatives nominated by the Endocrine Society, European Society of Endocrinology, European Neuroendocrine Association, Growth Hormone Research Society, and International Society of Pituitary Surgeons. Clinical epidemiology, disease phenotype, management, and prognosis of pituitary adenomas differ from that of most NETs. The vast majority of pituitary adenomas are benign and do not adversely impact life expectancy. A nomenclature change to PitNET does not address the main challenge of prognostic prediction, assigns an uncertain malignancy designation to benign pituitary adenomas, and may adversely affect patients. Due to pandemic restrictions, the workshop was conducted virtually, with audiovisual lectures and written précis on each topic provided to all participants. Feedback was collated and summarized by Content Chairs and discussed during a virtual writing meeting moderated by Session Chairs, which yielded an evidence-based draft document sent to all participants for review and approval. There is not yet a case for adopting the PitNET nomenclature. The PANOMEN Workshop recommends that the term adenoma be retained and that the topic be revisited as new evidence on pituitary neoplasm biology emerges.
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- Liffen, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling, the below ground biomass of an emergent macrophyte using an adapted ingrowth core method
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquatic Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3770 .- 1879-1522. ; 110, s. 97-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of our work exploring the role of Sparganium erectum as a physical ecosystem engineer, we aimed to test our hypothesis that the root and rhizome biomass of this species would be largely confined to the uppermost sediment layers, thereby having the effect of reinforcing newly deposited material and facilitating the growth of in-channel macrophyte stands and sediment accumulations. Detailed measurements of the below ground structures of linear emergent macrophytes, in terms of their biomass and architecture, are complicated by difficulties associated with sampling in the highly saturated sediments that these morphotypes typically occupy. In this paper, we describe the development of an adapted ingrowth core method, which allows the extrusion of an undisturbed root-soil matrix from highly saturated environments. The approach combines an ingrowth core, which is commonly used to measure fine-root production in forest topsoil, with an outer casing that facilitates the retention of a sample rep.. resentative of field conditions, and a laboratory protocol that enables extrusion and measurement of biomass at different depth increments. The new approach enabled detailed depth profiling of S. erectum, and confirmed our hypothesis by demonstrating that root and rhizome biomass was predominantly located in the 10 cm of sediment closest to the sediment-water interface throughout our study.
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- Zhou, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:9, s. 1360-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence analysis identifies gain-of-function somatic mutations in GNA11 or GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas. Most patients with these mutations presented during puberty, pregnancy or menopause, with elevated LHCGR expression. Most aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. However, their frequency in aldosterone-producing cell clusters of normal adrenal gland suggests a requirement for codriver mutations in APAs. Here we identified gain-of-function mutations in both CTNNB1 and GNA11 by whole-exome sequencing of 3/41 APAs. Further sequencing of known CTNNB1-mutant APAs led to a total of 16 of 27 (59%) with a somatic p.Gln209His, p.Gln209Pro or p.Gln209Leu mutation of GNA11 or GNAQ. Solitary GNA11 mutations were found in hyperplastic zona glomerulosa adjacent to double-mutant APAs. Nine of ten patients in our UK/Irish cohort presented in puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Among multiple transcripts upregulated more than tenfold in double-mutant APAs was LHCGR, the receptor for luteinizing or pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin). Transfections of adrenocortical cells demonstrated additive effects of GNA11 and CTNNB1 mutations on aldosterone secretion and expression of genes upregulated in double-mutant APAs. In adrenal cortex, GNA11/Q mutations appear clinically silent without a codriver mutation of CTNNB1.
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- Casanueva, Felipe F., et al.
(författare)
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Criteria for the definition of Pituitary Tumor Centers of Excellence (PTCOE): A Pituitary Society Statement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pituitary. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-341X .- 1573-7403. ; 20, s. 489-498
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017, The Author(s). Introduction: With the goal of generate uniform criteria among centers dealing with pituitary tumors and to enhance patient care, the Pituitary Society decided to generate criteria for developing Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOE). Methods: To develop that task, a group of ten experts served as a Task Force and through two years of iterative work an initial draft was elaborated. This draft was discussed, modified and finally approved by the Board of Directors of the Pituitary Society. Such document was presented and debated at a specific session of the Congress of the Pituitary Society, Orlando 2017, and suggestions were incorporated. Finally the document was distributed to a large group of global experts that introduced further modifications with final endorsement. Results: After five years of iterative work a document with the ideal criteria for a PTCOE is presented. Conclusions: Acknowledging that very few centers in the world, if any, likely fulfill the requirements here presented, the document may be a tool to guide improvements of care delivery to patients with pituitary disorders. All these criteria must be accommodated to the regulations and organization of Health of a given country.
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