| 1. |
- Haaland, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Fjärilar och humlor i grönstrukturer i Malmö : en utvärdering inom Vinnova projektet BiodiverCity (fas 3)
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie undersöktas 26 olika grönstrukturer för dagfjärilar och humlor i tre stadsdelar i Malmö (Västra hamnen, Augustenborg och Hyllie). Av dessa 26 grönstrukturer var 9 anlagda inom BidodiverCity projektet (gröna väggar, gröna tak, innergårdar, skogsbiotop i park). Grönstrukturerna undersöktas med syfte att analysera och utvärdera artsammansättningen av dagfjärilar och humlor. De grönstrukturer som inte anlades inom BiodiverCity projektet undersöktas i jämförande syfte. Dessa var rabatter, vägkanter, gräsmarker, en sådd äng och gröna tak i närheten av BiodiverCity objekt. De flesta grönstrukturerna inventerades fem gånger mellan juni och augusti 2016, några gröna tak inventerades bara en eller två gånger på grund av problem med tillgängligheten. Två olika inventeringsmetoder användes, en standardiserad transektmetod och 10-minuters observationer i rutor (4m2). Det observerades totalt 156 fjärilar (154 i transekter, 2 i rutor) fördelade på 9 olika arter och 705 humlor (538 i transekt och 167 i rutor). Vitvingar (Pieris spp.) utgjorde 40% av alla observerade fjärilar, sexfläckig bastardsvärmare 25%, puktörneblåvinge 13% och slåttergräsfjäril 10%. Humlorna dominerades totalt av jordhumlor och stenhumlor som utgjorde 98% av alla observerade individer. Den faktor som påverkade antalet fjärilsarter i grönstrukturer positivt var genomsnittligt antal blommande växter (juli-augusti). Individ- och artantal av humlor påverkades positivt av täckningsgraden av blommande växter och genomsnittligt antal blommande växter (juli-augusti). De växter som fjärilar besökta mest i denna studie var tistlar, humlelusern, sötväppling, kärringtand och Buddleja. Humlor be-sökta oftast lavendel, kärringtand, blåeld, rödklint och olika klöverarter. I grönstrukturer som anlades inom BiodiverCity projektet hittades få fjärilar och humlor sannolikt på grund av en kombination av växtsammansättningen och en hög urbaniseringsgrad med generellt låg artdiversitet av fjärilar och humlor i område. Ett undantag är gröna tak som kan attrahera ett nämnvärt antal humlor av olika arter. Slutsatsen av studien är att det är möjligt att skapa biotoper som erbjuder en näringsresurs under sommaren som är attraktiva för de mest vanliga humlorna men delvis också mindre vanliga arter under förutsättning att man beakta rätt växtval och plantera i tillräcklig omfattning. Detta gäller också för mycket urbaniserade områden och inkluderar gröna tak. För dagfjärilar däremot verkar det vara svårare att skapa attraktiva biotoper i små områden som dessa grönstrukturer ofta är. Det som behövdes är sannolikt fler artrika ruderatmarker och extensivt skötta gräsmarker som inkluderar lämpliga biotoper också för larver.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ewerlöf, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt. ”Låt gräsklipparen stå – för naturens skull”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In an era of species extinction and climate change, we should abandon the well-trimmed lawn and let gardens grow wilder, writes Anna Persson and other researchers and landscape architects on DN Debatt.
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| 6. |
- Gyllin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional greenway networks in the rural-urban fringe – a potential way of accessing highly productive agricultural areas
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of urban sprawl is growing in some expansive regions dominated by highly productive arable land. New residential areas are established on former farmland, creating new environments that are difficult to access for the new population, as well as for other visitors, equestrians and the already struggling wildlife flora and fauna. The southernmost region of Sweden is a typical example with urban areas expanding into vast, open agricultural fields, leaving little space for recreation or biodiversity. A special problem is the growing number of horse owners, who find it increasingly difficult to access the landscape in a safe and suitable manner. In a multi-disciplinary research project, the potentials of the 'greenway' concept as a stabilizing sustainability factor in the urban-rural fringe are investigated regarding aspects of regional planning, farming economy, local biodiversity, local recreation and cultural heritage. A few narrow greenways already exist in the region of southernmost Sweden, but their potential has not been fully exploited, as they are almost entirely aimed at providing footpaths and riding paths, and in some cases are not directly connected to residential areas. Funding is another problem, since there are no regular subsidies that cover this particular area. The main focus of the project is to create design models that integrate the functions mentioned above in networks of narrow strips that would still allow for efficient crop production as well as urban expansion
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| 7. |
- Haaland, Christine
(författare)
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Abundances and movement of the Scarce Copper butterfly (Lycaena virgaureae) on future building sites at a settlement fringe in southern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 19, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scarce Copper (Lycaena virgaureae) is a species that has suffered serious decline in several European countries. In Scandinavia it is still comparatively abundant, but with ongoing losses of flower-rich grasslands near forests further decline is expected. A mark-release-recapture study was carried out in July 2013 at 14 sites on the outskirts of a village located near Malmö, Sweden. The study area comprised in total an 11.4 ha network of abandoned agricultural sites, road verges and forest edges. A private garden was also included. Butterflies were marked individually and the capture position was recorded by GPS. Sex, behaviour and flower visits were also recorded. During the study 852 butterflies were marked and 170 of these were recaptured at least once (recapture rate 20%), resulting into 1078 captures (including multiple recaptures). Movement between patches accounted for 41% of all recaptures and mean distance between recaptures was 112±146 m (n=226). The number of captures was strongly positively correlated with patch size (ρ=0.95, p<0.05), while the emigrant and immigrant fractions were significantly negatively correlated with patch size. Overall, the Scarce Copper was surprisingly abundant in the area, but planned construction of residential areas will result in the loss of most habitat patches.
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| 8. |
- Haaland, Christine
(författare)
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Bumblebees and butterflies in green structure elements in Malmo, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Ecosystems. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 26, s. 1559–1572-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the BiodiverCity project in Malmo (Sweden), green structure elements were implemented aiming to support biodiversity and enhancing amenity in denser parts of the city. In this study, bumblebee and butterfly abundances and species richness were studied in 20 green structure elements in three areas in Malmo. The investigated green structure elements consisted of objects established within the BiodiverCity project and other green structure elements in their surroundings (e.g. road verges, lawns and flowerbeds). Observed bumblebee and butterfly abundances and species richness was generally low. In total, 528 bumblebees of eight species were recorded, with 97% of all bumblebees belonging to two species, Bombus lapidarius and B. terrestris/lucorum. A total of 154 butterflies from 10 species were detected, most commonly Pieris species. There were no significant differences in mean individual or species numbers (bumblebees and butterflies) between green structure elements designed to support biodiversity and conventional ones. Bumblebee species richness and abundance were positively correlated with mean cover of flowering vegetation and mean number of flowering plant species. Butterfly species richness and abundance were positively correlated with mean number of flowering plant species and size of the green structure. Observations of flower visits showed that the two groups of insects had different preferences. The results of this study show that enhancing bumblebee and butterfly diversity and abundances in densely built city areas can be challenging. To support bumblebees and butterflies more successfully, the habitat requirements of these insect groups need to be better considered from the beginning in the design of green structure elements.
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| 9. |
- Haaland, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Butterflies and bumblebees in greenways and sown wildflower strips in southern Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 14, s. 125-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greenways have recently been established in some intensively farmed areas of South Sweden in order to enhance recreation opportunities and biodiversity, but the effects of these green structures on biodiversity have not yet been determined. In this study, greenways and experimental sown wildflower strips were investigated for butterfly and bumblebee diversity. In total, 1,769 butterflies of 18 species and 1,216 foraging bumblebees of eight species were recorded. Sown wildflower strips proved to support much higher abundances and species numbers of butterflies and bumblebees than greenways, with 86% of all butterflies and 83% of all bumblebees being observed in the sown flower strips. However, in both types of green structure mostly common species were found. Counts of flower visits showed that Knautia, Centaurea and Cirsium were the most commonly visited plant species. The greenways studied did not seem to fulfil their function of enhancing biodiversity-at least not for butterflies and bumblebees. However, these greenways could easily be improved for common bumblebee and butterfly species by sowing wildflower strips along their margins.
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| 10. |
- Haaland, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and strategies for urban green-space planning in cities undergoing densification: A review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 14, s. 760-771
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compact city approach has gained global impact as a planning approach for sustainable development in areas with increasing urban population. Through densification and compact building, the approach aims to counteract negative effects of urban sprawl in terms of ineffective land-use and related environmental problems. In spite of its benefits various problems and challenges are associated with implementing the compact city approach. This review looks at the effects of urban densification and compact city development on urban green space and its planning. It identifies problems, challenges and strategies of urban green space planning during densification processes. Findings confirm that urban densification processes, including consolidation and infill development, can pose a threat to urban green space. However, the literature on the compact city approach often lacks specific suggestions for urban green space conservation and planning. Provision of urban green space in compact city environments and during densification processes is described as a major challenge. Loss of private urban green space rarely seems offset by provision of more public green space. Several ways are identified to deal with these challenges, while also highlighting research gaps, e.g., as to how loss of green space quantity can be offset by increased green space quality.
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