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- Boxall, A. B. A., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: What Are the Big Questions?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 120:9, s. 1221-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Over the past 10-15 years, a substantial amount of work has been done by the scientific, regulatory, and business communities to elucidate the effects and risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. OBJECTIVE: This review was undertaken to identify key outstanding issues regarding the effects of PPCPs on human and ecological health in order to ensure that future resources will be focused on the most important areas. DATA SOURCES: To better understand and manage the risks of PPCPs in the environment, we used the "key question" approach to identify the principle issues that need to be addressed. Initially, questions were solicited from academic, government, and business communities around the world. A list of 101 questions was then discussed at an international expert workshop, and a top-20 list was developed. Following the workshop, workshop attendees ranked the 20 questions by importance. DATA SYNTHESIS: The top 20 priority questions fell into seven categories: a) prioritization of substances for assessment, b) pathways of exposure, c) bioavailability and uptake, a effects characterization, e) risk and relative risk, f) antibiotic resistance, and g) risk management. CONCLUSIONS: A large body of information is now available on PPCPs in the environment. This exercise prioritized the most critical questions to aid in development of future research programs on the topic.
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- Hallstrom, J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a modular wideband 1000 kV HVDC reference divider
- 2014
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Ingår i: CPEM Digest (Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements). - 9781479952052 ; , s. 782-783
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the performance of a wideband HVDC reference divider. The divider concept is a shielded modular divider and it is intended for traceable calibration of HVDC measuring systems up to 1000 kV in customers' laboratories. The first priority in the design was the accuracy of HVDC measurements. In addition, the divider was designed to have wide bandwidth, both to enable measurement of ripple voltages and to prevent damage during possible flashovers. © 2014 IEEE.
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- Meisner, J., et al.
(författare)
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Intercomparison of reference measuring systems for lightning impulses between three National Metrology Institutes
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICHVE 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application. - 9781538650868
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In one of the largest and most extensive measurement campaigns to date, the measuring systems for lightning impulses (LI) of the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of Germany (PTB), Sweden (RISE) and Finland (VTT MIKES) have been compared. In the high-voltage laboratory of PTB, lightning impulse comparisons were carried out at voltages up to 1500 kV. The test voltage, front time, time to half-value and the relative overshoot magnitude of seven systems have been compared. The results confirm the capabilities and uncertainties of the participating metrology institutes and even enable an improvement of those. Finally, the question, whether an uncertainty of less than 0.5 % for peak values and 1 % for time parameters for NMI reference measuring systems for a lightning impulse up to at least 800 kV is achievable, will be addressed.
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