| 1. |
- Hardell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Case-control study on perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) and the risk of prostate cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 63, s. 35-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging environmental contaminants. Possible health effects for humans include increased risk for cancer but the knowledge is limited. In this study serum concentrations of certain perfluorinated sulfonates (PFHxS and PFOS) and carboxylates (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA) were analyzed among 201 cases with prostate cancer and 186 population based control subjects. All blood samples were collected during 2007-2011 and no case had been treated with radio- or chemotherapy before enrolment in the study. The blood concentrations did not differ statistically significant between cases and controls except for PFDA with higher concentration among the cases (p = 0.03). Analyses based on Gleason score and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level did not change the results. Heredity was a risk factor for prostate cancer yielding odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-3.1. The analyzed PFAAs yielded statistically significant higher ORs in cases with a first degree relative reporting prostate cancer, e.g., PFOA gave OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-6.0 and PFOS gave OR = 2.7,95% CI = 1.04-6.8. The results showed a higher risk for prostate cancer in cases with heredity as a risk factor. In further studies interaction between gene and environment should be considered. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Hardell, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of organohalogen compounds and titres of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2009
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Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - Athens, Greece : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2431 .- 1021-335X. ; 21:6, s. 1567-1576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to some pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been indicated to be a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with some subgroups of NHL. In a previous study we found an interaction between high concentrations of some POPs and titres of antibodies to EBV early antigen (EA IgG) in relation to NHL. In the present study we measured lipid adjusted plasma concentrations of 35 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethyelene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), seven subgroups of chlordanes (cis-heptachlorepoxide, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxychlordane, MC6, trans-nonachlordane, cis-nonachlordane) and one polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) congener (no. 47) in 99 cases with NHL and 99 population based controls. Odds ratios (OR) for NHL were estimated. Sum of PCBs > median in the controls gave odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-3.9. High sum of chlordanes yielded OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.5. An interaction with EBV EA IgG was found. High sum of PCB gave OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9-14 in the group with EA IgG > 40. Similarly HCB yielded OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.9-15, pp'-DDE gave OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4-7.7 and sum of chlordanes yielded OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.3-20, whereas no association was found with PBDE. In summary this study confirmed an association between certain POPs and NHL with all interaction with titre of IgG antibody to EBV EA.
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| 3. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Adipose Tissue Concentrations of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Titers of Antibodies to Epstein–Barr Virus Early Antigen and the Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 2001
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351. ; 87:2, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been reported in many countries. Exposure to certain pesticides or organochlorines has been shown to be a risk factor. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that has been associated with some subgroups of NHL, such as Burkitt lymphoma and lymphomas related to severe immunosuppression. In this study we measured concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans in 33 NHL cases and 39 surgical controls. For 23 of the cases and 32 of the controls EBV titers were also available. Median titer of antibodies to EBV early antigen (EA) IgG was higher in patients than in controls. Concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans were divided into two groups according to the median concentration for the controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index. For several higher chlorinated congeners increased risk was found for patients in the high-concentration and high-titer group. For toxic equivalency factor >27.79 and EA>80 an odds ratio of 2.8 with 95% confidence interval 0.52–18 was calculated. These results indicated that current exposure to certain organochlorines in combination with EBV might increase the risk for NHL.
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| 4. |
- Hardell, Lennart, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased survival in pancreatic cancer patients with high concentrations of organochlorines in adipose tissue
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 61:10, s. 659-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analysed adipose tissue concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 21 cases with exocrine pancreatic cancer. The comparison group consisted of 59 subjects. Significantly increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), sum of chlordanes and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) were found in the cases. For 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) no significant difference was seen. For PCBs no odds ratio (OR) could be calculated since all cases had concentration>median in controls used as a cut-off. HCB yielded OR=53.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.64-605 and sum of chlordanes OR=18.4, 95% CI=2.71-124 whereas OR was not significantly increased for p,p'-DDE or PBDEs. Body mass index (BMI) at the time of tissue sampling was significantly lower for the cases. This might have influenced the results. Using BMI one year previously or decreasing the concentrations of POPs with the same percentage as weight loss among the cases did not change the results. Survival of the cases was shorter in the group with the concentration of POPs>median among cases, significantly so for the sum of PCBs (147 vs. 294 days), p,p'-DDE (134 vs. 302 days), and sum of chlordanes (142 vs. 294 days) in the high and low group, respectively. The results were based on a low number of cases and should be interpreted with caution.
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| 5. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Increased concentrations of certain persistent organic pollutants in subjects with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity : a pilot study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1536-8378 .- 1536-8386. ; 27:2, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is used for a variety of subjective symptoms related to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the concentrations of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in subjects with self-reported EHS. In total, 13 EHS subjects and 21 controls were included, all female. The concentration of several POPs was higher in EHS subjects than in controls. Lower concentrations were found for hexachlorobenzene and two types of chlordanes. The only significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) were found for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) #47 yielding OR=11.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.45-94.7 and the chlordane metabolite MC6 with OR=11.2, 95% CI=1.18-106. The results were based on low numbers and must be interpreted with caution. This hypothesis generating study indicates the necessity of a larger investigation on this issue.
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| 6. |
- Nordström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of Organochlorines Related to Titers to Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen IgG as Risk Factors for Hairy Cell Leukemia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. ; 108:5, s. 441-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B-cell malignancy that, according to modern classifications, is a subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) . A rapid increase in incidence of NHL has been reported in many countries. The reasons for this increase are largely unknown, but exposure to organochlorines has been suggested as a risk factor. Epstein-Barr virus is a human herpesvirus that has been associated with certain subgroups of NHL. In this study, we measured lipid adjusted blood concentrations (in nanogram per gram) of 36 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , p,p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) , hexachlorobenzene (HCB) , and four subgroups of chlordanes (trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, MC6, and oxychlordane) in incident cases of HCL and controls from the general population. We obtained results on organochlorines and antibodies for 54 cases and 54 controls. Titers of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr early antigen and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen, measured as P107, were correlated to concentrations of organochlorines to evaluate the possibility of an interaction between these factors in the pathogenesis of HCL. We found no significant difference in lipid-adjusted blood concentrations of total PCBs, p,p´-DDE, HCB, or the sum of the chlordanes between cases and controls. Titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr early antigen IgG 40 were correlated to an increased risk for HCL. This risk was further increased in those with a level above the median value of p,p´-DDE, HCB, or the sum of the chlordanes, suggesting an interaction between Epstein-Barr virus and a higher concentration of these chemicals. We also found increased risk for the sum of immunotoxic PCB group.
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| 7. |
- Nygren, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in environmental and human samples
- 1986. - 1
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Ingår i: Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in perspective. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781315891545 - 9781351070645 ; , s. 17-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are two series of tricyclic, almost planar aromatic compounds that exhibit very similar physical, chemical, and biological properties. The human exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs by milk consumption is not negligible. Detection levels in ecological and human samples should be orders of magnitude below the usual detection levels obtained in pesticide analyses. One objective of the study is to identify background levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in these samples, especially those of human origin. The spectrum of toxic effects is species dependent but for humans they include chloracne and porphyria cutane tarda and for other animals edema, thymic atrophy, teratogenicity, liver lesions and a slow wasting syndrome followed by death. It is evident that it is of particular importance to identify the ultimate source or sources of the toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs found as background constituents in the environmental and human samples, especially the samples of mother's milk, which are of toxicological interest.
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| 8. |
- Ahrens, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds and biliary tract cancer among men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:5, s. 387-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study investigated the association between cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract and exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds. Methods Altogether 183 men with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract and 1938 matched controls were interviewed between 1995 and 1997 in the frame of an international multicenter case-control study in six European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden). Selfreported job descriptions were converted to semiquantitative variables (intensity, probability, and duration of exposure) for 14 endocrine-disrupting compounds. The cases were compared with 1421 population controls and 517 colon adenocarcinoma patients. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained with unconditional logistic regression and adjusted for age, country, and gallstones. Results Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds resulted in an OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-2. 1) with no dose-effect relationship for cumulative exposure (low: OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6-3.0; medium: OR 1.5, 95% CI0.8-2.7; high: OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.4) (only index participants). The elevated risk was restricted to extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla Vateri (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.6). The adjusted OR for cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was 2.8 (95% CI 1.3-5.9, only index participants). Conclusions The data show some associations between exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds in the workplace and the risk for cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract among men, particularly for the extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater. Polychlorinated biphenyls could possibly be a strong risk factor.
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| 9. |
- Ahrens, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma in men: medical conditions and lifestyle: results from a European multicentre case-control study
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 1473-5687. ; 19:8, s. 623-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract in men. METHODS: Newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed patients, 35-70 years old, were interviewed between 1995 and 1997 in Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany and Italy. Population controls were frequency-matched by age and region. Adjusted odds ratios and 95%-confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The analysis included 153 patients and 1421 controls. The participation proportion was 71% for patients and 61% for controls. Gallstone disease was corroborated as a risk factor for extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma in men (odds ratio 2.49; 95% confidence interval 1.32-4.70), particularly for gall bladder tumors (odds ratio 4.68; 95% confidence interval 1.85-11.84). For a body mass index [height (m) divided by squared weight (kg2)] >30 at age 35 years, an excess risk was observed (odds ratio 2.58; 95% confidence interval 1.07-6.23, reference: body mass index 18.5-25) that was even stronger if the body mass index was >30 for the lowest weight in adulthood (odds ratio 4.68; 95% confidence interval 1.13-19.40). Infection of the gall bladder, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis or smoking showed no clear association, whereas some increase in risk was suggested for consumption of 40-80 g alcohol per day and more. CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates gallstones as a risk indicator in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma. Permanent overweight and obesity in adult life was identified as a strong risk factor for extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma, whereas we did not find any strong lifestyle-associated risk factors. Inconsistent results across studies concerning the association of extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma with overweight and obesity may be explained by the different approaches to assess this variable.
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| 10. |
- Behrens, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal exposures and the risk of uveal melanoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:10, s. 1625-1634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies suggest that hormonal mechanisms may be associated with the development of uveal melanoma. Therefore, the association between the risk of uveal melanoma and exposure to hormonal exposures was investigated in a case-control study from nine European countries. Incident cases of uveal melanoma were frequency-matched to population and hospital controls by country, age, and sex. Female subjects were asked about their reproductive history, use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives. Among men, occupational handling of oils while working with transformers or capacitors which contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was solicited. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were calculated, adjusting for several potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by sex. Two hundred and ninety-three cases (165 men, 128 women) and 3,198 control subjects (2,121 men, 1,077 women) were interviewed. Among women, no associations were observed with hormonal status variables, intake of hormonal therapy or intake of oral contraceptives. Men showed an increased risk with occupational exposure to transformer/capacitor oils (OR = 2.74; Bonferroni-corrected 99.3% CI 1.07-7.02). However, these results were based on few exposed subjects only. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis of a hormonal influence in the carcinogenesis of uveal melanoma. Our finding of a potentially increased risk with PCB-containing oils requires further research.
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