| 1. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
-
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
The person-centred approach to an ageing society
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2052-5656 .- 2052-5648. ; 1:1, s. 132-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern care is often based on investigations such as laboratory markers and imaging - for example, x-ray or ultrasound. The results contribute to a diagnosis and, if judged necessary, treatment is initiated. This diseased-oriented approach is the prevailing mode of management in modern medicine. In contrast, person-centered care (PCC) takes the point of departure from each person´s subjective experience of illness and its impact on daily life. A patient is considered as a person with emotions and feelings. PCC is considered present within clinical care according to a definition articulated by the Centre for Person Centred Care at the University of Gothenburg (GPCC) when three core components are present: elicitation of a detailed patient narrative; formulated partnership between caregiver and patient and documentation of the partnership in the patient record. Accordingly, when there is an illness requiring care and the person is attended using these components, PCC is being applied. In most situations today, PCC is not applied as the narrative is not fully elicited or the partnership and/or the documentation are not included. It is proposed that the challenge to Society arising from changing demographics can be addressed by implementing PCC and creating an alternative to existing healthcare. The importance and benefits of such an approach on a wider scale is not yet clear as research has been limited to date. Studies in selected patient populations (heart failure and hip fractures), however, have shown promising results. As the population ages, there will be a dramatic increase in healthcare consumption. Even with technological developments, there will be a need for tremendous resources to be dedicated to care. A new organization and attitude from healthcare policymakers and providers above and beyond the present model appears required in order to respond to this demand. As part of such change, person-centred care, with the interaction between healthcare providers and the person of the patient, can facilitate, compensate and develop more effective healthcare services for the future.
|
|
| 6. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hedman, Anna
(författare)
-
The value of simplicity : image browsing techniques and tests
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Image browsing is involved in many different types of tasks, such as interacting with a desktop and file system, viewing digital photo albums, etc. Different techniques are available for different types of tasks, but results from image browsing tests have been varied.The work of this thesis includes a literature survey, describing the most common image browser features and mechanisms, and summarizing research on the topic. The survey is followed by two image browsing studies, comparing an iconic interface to a zoom-and-pan and a fisheye interface. One study was made on a regular 19" display, and the other one on a 50" display with a 3D mouse. Both studies showed that none of the zoom-and-pan and the fisheye interfaces were more efficient than the simple iconic interface. The iconic interface was also the one most preferred by users. The problem with conflicting research results in this field is addressed in a summary of layout and presentation factors. There are a number of things, besides just interaction style, that affects usability. A lot remains to be investigated, and the analysis presented in this thesis gives an idea of some things to consider for future research. The two final studies of this thesis were parts of an interface design proposal for an oil analysis interface. One experiment showed that for reading single graphs, multiple diagrams with only one line graph in each are more efficient than one single chart with several line graphs. The final study of this thesis is a comparison of two graph tables, one distortion-oriented, and one overview+detail version. A theoretical analysis showed that for certain task types the static overview+detail interface would be more efficient than the distortion-oriented one, which was confirmed by the statistical analysis of data from the experiment. Users preferred the static overview+detail interface, mainly because they did not like that the view changed.The common experience of this work is that simplicity is highly valuable in many aspects. A simple interaction technique, such as an iconic interface, is often more efficient and more appreciated by users, than more advanced techniques. Reading single line graphs is more efficiently done in single small diagrams than in one large common diagram. Simple static modes are by many users preferred to dynamic modes. And finally, simple usability tests with a minimized number of confounding variables could explain and reduce the problem with conflicting results. Hence, the main conclusion and message of this thesis goes for both interface design and testing: Keep it simple.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Empowering older people in different contexts through social ties
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Creating empowerment in communities. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781536149425 - 9781536149432 ; , s. 95-111
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A better understanding of insecure living circumstances and the relational world of older people has the potential to contribute to the development of care planning and delivery. This chapter examines conditions of precarity and empowering social ties of older people in community sites. The study used ethnographic methods to understand the lived experiences of 20 older people that was predominantly female and African American in Baton Rouge in the U.S. State of Louisiana. The ethnographic fieldwork for this investigation was conducted from 2013 to 2018 through participant-observations and open-ended interviews in three community sites in Baton Rouge. The field data was analyzed using social network and empowerment frameworks. The social ties of older people in Louisiana were compared with a previous study on social ties of older people in two Swedish senior centers. The analysis focuses self-, peer- and community empowerment levels and how they protect against precarity of older people. The findings from studying different community sites of older people in Louisiana demonstrate that the key social support ties that provided a buffer against precarity of older people were close friendships made in community sites and spiritual faith ties to God. Conditions of precarity and sources of stress of older people in Louisiana were constant threats of discontinuity of home-based health care services, prescription and medication access, not affording health care and other social problems of poverty, cognitive impairment and declining health. In Louisiana, self- and peer empowerment of older people were strong, but community empowerment through home-based health care services were not enough to prevent and reduce precarity of older people. Toward the background that Sweden can be considered to have a comprehensive social welfare system it is easier to see examples of empowerment of older people on all three levels. Self- and community empowerment were the strongest when studying examples of community sites for older people. In the Swedish study, the social network of older people was dominated by thin ties between senior peers. Community sites are needed as completent to ageing at home. In Louisiana, strong (thick) ties of older people were dominant. For the older people in Louisiana to receive consistent home-based health care services was not a given but required an ongoing active and joint effort by older people, family caregivers and friends. Policy implications of this study are that ongoing care support by family caregivers, friends and home-based health care services and medication access without gaps are needed to reduce and protect against precarity of older people. Self-empowerment should be supported by not only peer but also community empowerment.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Interagency collaboration in suicide prevention
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background—Drawing on interagency collaboration theory, the aim ofthis study was to examine interagency collaboration in suicide prevention, intervention, and crisis support coordinated by the fire service in Sweden.Methods—Interviews and observations was conducted in ethnographic fieldwork in three Swedish fire stations.Results—The findings demonstrated six central parts in the interagency collaboration in suicide prevention: (1) a shared suicide incident plan for the emergency center, police, ambulance and fire and rescue service, (2) a municipality action plan supported by the Swedish Law of protection against accidents viewing suicide as a psychological accident, (3) interagency groups working with suicide prevention, (4) proactive education and training of firefighters and the public in Mental Health First Aid and suicide intervention, (5) suicide emergency response efforts carried by the emergency services, and (6) care and crisis support of bereaved families by suicide and first responders exposed to suicide.Conclusions—The immediate benefit of having a shared suicide intervention plan and practice was that the fire stations were many and geographically spread, unlike the police which had fewer police stations. This meant a faster arrival by the fire service at the sites of the suicide emergencies, which saved lives. The personal ties created in the interprofessional groups made it easier to gather resources and cooperate in suicide emergencies. Participants reported the importance of securing continuity and involvement in interagency collaboration and crisis support in suicide prevention
|
|
