| 1. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Empowering older people in different contexts through social ties
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Creating empowerment in communities. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781536149425 - 9781536149432 ; , s. 95-111
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A better understanding of insecure living circumstances and the relational world of older people has the potential to contribute to the development of care planning and delivery. This chapter examines conditions of precarity and empowering social ties of older people in community sites. The study used ethnographic methods to understand the lived experiences of 20 older people that was predominantly female and African American in Baton Rouge in the U.S. State of Louisiana. The ethnographic fieldwork for this investigation was conducted from 2013 to 2018 through participant-observations and open-ended interviews in three community sites in Baton Rouge. The field data was analyzed using social network and empowerment frameworks. The social ties of older people in Louisiana were compared with a previous study on social ties of older people in two Swedish senior centers. The analysis focuses self-, peer- and community empowerment levels and how they protect against precarity of older people. The findings from studying different community sites of older people in Louisiana demonstrate that the key social support ties that provided a buffer against precarity of older people were close friendships made in community sites and spiritual faith ties to God. Conditions of precarity and sources of stress of older people in Louisiana were constant threats of discontinuity of home-based health care services, prescription and medication access, not affording health care and other social problems of poverty, cognitive impairment and declining health. In Louisiana, self- and peer empowerment of older people were strong, but community empowerment through home-based health care services were not enough to prevent and reduce precarity of older people. Toward the background that Sweden can be considered to have a comprehensive social welfare system it is easier to see examples of empowerment of older people on all three levels. Self- and community empowerment were the strongest when studying examples of community sites for older people. In the Swedish study, the social network of older people was dominated by thin ties between senior peers. Community sites are needed as completent to ageing at home. In Louisiana, strong (thick) ties of older people were dominant. For the older people in Louisiana to receive consistent home-based health care services was not a given but required an ongoing active and joint effort by older people, family caregivers and friends. Policy implications of this study are that ongoing care support by family caregivers, friends and home-based health care services and medication access without gaps are needed to reduce and protect against precarity of older people. Self-empowerment should be supported by not only peer but also community empowerment.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Interagency collaboration in suicide prevention
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background—Drawing on interagency collaboration theory, the aim ofthis study was to examine interagency collaboration in suicide prevention, intervention, and crisis support coordinated by the fire service in Sweden.Methods—Interviews and observations was conducted in ethnographic fieldwork in three Swedish fire stations.Results—The findings demonstrated six central parts in the interagency collaboration in suicide prevention: (1) a shared suicide incident plan for the emergency center, police, ambulance and fire and rescue service, (2) a municipality action plan supported by the Swedish Law of protection against accidents viewing suicide as a psychological accident, (3) interagency groups working with suicide prevention, (4) proactive education and training of firefighters and the public in Mental Health First Aid and suicide intervention, (5) suicide emergency response efforts carried by the emergency services, and (6) care and crisis support of bereaved families by suicide and first responders exposed to suicide.Conclusions—The immediate benefit of having a shared suicide intervention plan and practice was that the fire stations were many and geographically spread, unlike the police which had fewer police stations. This meant a faster arrival by the fire service at the sites of the suicide emergencies, which saved lives. The personal ties created in the interprofessional groups made it easier to gather resources and cooperate in suicide emergencies. Participants reported the importance of securing continuity and involvement in interagency collaboration and crisis support in suicide prevention
|
|
| 4. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Interagency Collaboration in Suicide Prevention
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Traumatology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1534-7656 .- 1085-9373.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine interorganizational collaboration in suicide prevention activities coordinated by the fire service. Method: Interviews and observations were conducted in ethnographic fieldwork in three Swedish fire stations. The analysis of data was guided by interagency collaboration theory. Results: The findings demonstrated six central components of the practice: (a) a shared suicide incident plan for the emergency services, (b) a municipality action plan supported by the Swedish Law of protection against accidents viewing suicide as a psychological accident, (c) interagency groups working with suicide prevention, (d) education and training of firefighters and the public in Mental Health First Aid and suicide prevention, (e) suicide intervention operations carried out by the emergency services, and (f) crisis support of bereaved families and first responders exposed to suicide. Conclusions: Having a shared suicide intervention plan and practice created trust in interagency groups facilitating cooperation in suicide emergencies. The benefit of the fire service coordinating the suicide prevention activities was that the fire stations were many and geographically dispersed, unlike the police and ambulance. This meant that the fire service arrived at suicide attempt sites faster than ambulance and police, which saved lives. The results provide a starting point for the implementation of suicide prevention activities, training of firefighters, and the design of interorganizational collaboration in suicide intervention policy elsewhere in the world while adapting to regional and local circumstances and resource availability. These results might be considered in future strategy and the prioritization of suicide prevention activity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Managing Emotions in Swedish Medical Emergency Calls
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IMPACT Journal. - Alicante : University of Alicante. ; 2, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is a conversation analytic and ethnographic examination of recurrent emotion management practices of interaction in Swedish medical emergency calls. The study expands the analytical focus in past research on emergency calls between emergency call operators and callers to pre-hospital emergency care interaction on the phone between nurses, physicians and callers. The investigation is based on ethnographic fieldwork in an emergency control centre in a Swedish metropolitan area. The data used for the study consists of audio recordings of medical emergency calls and ethnographic fieldnotes, observations and interviews in the emergency control centre. The analysis reveals four fundamental types of emotion management practices that emergency call-takers use to help people in crisis: (1) call-takers keep themselves calm when managing callers’ social displays of emotions; (2) promising ambulance assistance or other types of assistance; (3) providing problem solving presentations including emergency response measures to concerns of callers, and (4) emphasising the positive to create and maintain hope for callers. The findings generated from this study will be useful in emergency call-taker training in carrying out emotion management procedures in medical emergency calls and add to the larger research programmes on on-telephone interaction between healthcare professionals and citizen callers.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Managing Medical Emergency Calls
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a conversation analytic examination of recurrent practices of interaction in medicalemergency calls. The study expands the analytical focus in past research on emergency calls betweenemergency call operators and callers to pre-hospital emergency care interaction on the phone betweennurses, physicians and callers. The investigation is based on ethnographic fieldwork in a Swedish emergencycontrol centre. The data used for the study consists primarily of audio recordings of medical emergency calls.Fundamental procedures in medical emergency calls examined in the dissertation are: (1) questioning; (2)emotion management; (3) risk management and (4) instruction giving. Emergency call-takers ask questions toelicit descriptions by callers of what is happening and to manage symptoms of patients to help keep them safeuntil ambulance crews arrive. In the questioning practice about acutely ill or injured patients call-takers usemainly yes-no questions and clarify problems by questioning callers making a distinction between defined andundefined problems. The analysis reveals four core types of emotion management practices: (1) call-takerskeep themselves calm when managing callers’ social displays of emotions; (2) promising ambulanceassistance; (3) providing problem solving presentations including emergency response measures to concernsof callers, and (4) emphasising the positive to create hope for callers. Call-takers use seven key procedures tomanage risk in medical emergency calls: (1) risk listening through active listening after actual and possiblerisks; (2) risk questioning; (3) risk identification; (4) risk monitoring; (5) risk assessment; (6) making decisionsabout elicited risk and (7) risk reduction. Instruction giving using directives and recommendations isaccomplished by call-takers in four main ways: (1) acute flow maintaining instruction giving when callers areprocedurally out of line; (2) measure oriented instructions for patient care and emergency responsemanagement; (3) organisational response instructions and (4) summarising instruction giving. Callers routinelyacknowledge risk identifications and follow instructions delivered by call-takers to examine statuses and lifesigns of patients such as breathing, movement and pulse, and perform basic first aid and emergency responsemeasures.The findings generated from this study will be useful in emergency call-taker training in carrying out interactiveprocedures in medical emergency calls and add to the larger research programmes on on-telephoneinteraction between professionals and citizen callers. This is an essential book for pre-hospital emergency careproviders and institutional interaction researchers and students.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Strengths and support of older people affected by precarity in South Louisiana
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 14:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few empirical studies have examined strengths and support of older people in circumstances of precarity. A better understanding of this problem has the potential to contribute to the development of care planning and delivery. PurposeTo investigate how older people deal with episodes of precarity in South Louisiana. MethodMore than 300 hours of participant observation and interviews were conducted with 20 predominantly older African American women in a housing complex for low-income older persons and two senior citizen centers. ResultsThe findings demonstrate five central negative conditions of precarity that older people had to manage: (1) loss and discontinuity of home-based health care services, (2) stress after loss or disruption of social support, (3) problems of poverty, (4) cognitive impairment and declining health, and (5) stress of eviction. Strengths and support that older people used were as follows: (1) spiritual faith, (2) psychological strengths, (3) spiritual relationships, (4) family support, (5) friendships of love and friendships of helpfulness, (6) care and support performed by home-based services, (7) senior center and housing complex activities, (8) church memberships and activities, and (9) grocery store and café contacts. ConclusionHome-based services were not sufficient to prevent and reduce precarity for older people because of a lack of and discontinuities in these services.Implications for practiceThis study adds to the literature about precarity among community-based older people by demonstrating gaps in care support and medication access. The findings suggest that ongoing state funding and support by home-based services are necessary to support frail older people in precarious living conditions to survive and handle stressful life events by reducing vulnerability and enhancing strengths and supportive resources of older people.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hedman, Karl, 1967-
(författare)
-
Young migrant participation and inclusive teaching practices in multilingual classroom interaction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Práticas e Políticas - Inspiradoras e Inovadorascom Imigrantes. - Brasília : Edições Esgotadas. - 9789899092822
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Few empirical studies have examined practices of how teachers, student support tutors and students encourage student participation in second language (L2) interaction in upper secondary education in Sweden. A better understanding of the interactive support practices of the class participants has the potential to contribute to the development of second language education planning and delivery. The theoretical framework for this study was scaffolding theory which refers to the interactive support and social and educational support resources provided to students.Aims. The purpose of this study was to examine practices of encouraging student participation in second language interaction from a scaffolding theoretical perspective.Method. Participant observation and observational field notes of second language interaction conducted in ethnographic fieldwork in second language classrooms in upper secondary education.Results. The findings demonstrated thirteen central interactive support practices that class participants used to encourage student participation in second language interaction: (1) The teacher question – student answer – teacher comment practice. (2) Teachers instructing students to read loud in class. (3) Teachers and students saying words together. (4) Teachers supporting the vocabulary of the students. (5) Teachers building trust relationships with students. (6) Teachers using positive reinforcement comments. (7) Teachers steering classroom interactions to make it possible for students with limited linguistic resources in Swedish responding slower to be heard. (8) Teachers providing clues. (9) Student initiatives to participate. (10) Students encouraging other students to participate. (11) Student support tutors encouraging students to participate. (12) Teachers supporting collaboration and collaborative group and pair work by students. (13) Teachers fostering a classroom culture of active participation by students.Conclusion. Using scaffolding theory, the study advances understanding of scaffolding practices in second language interaction. In the second language interaction, teachers, student support tutors and students acted as facilitators encouraging students to initiate narrative accounts and class participation based on their experiences and competences.Implications for practice. The findings suggested that initiatives, support and steering by teachers, student support tutors and peer students were necessary to support student participation in second language interaction by enhancing student participation and supportive resources of students.
|
|
