| 1. |
- Artman, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Chapter 1 Introduction
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Efficient Environmental Inspections and Enforcemen. - : Naturvårdsverket. - 9789162067137 ; , s. 246-
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Artman, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effektiv miljötillsyn : slutrapport
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsättningen har varit att ta fram ny kunskap inom miljötillsynen och därigenom uppnå en effektivare miljötillsyn samt att få in nya vetenskapliga perspektiv på miljötillsyn.I rapporten studeras metoder för inspektioner och det kommunikativa samspelet mellan inspektören och företrädare för den verksamhet som inspekteras, hur den institutionella ramen för inspektionsprocessen fungerar samt visar på möjligheter att mäta effekterna av inspektioner och tillsyn.Naturvårdsverket kommer att ha resultatet som ett kunskapsunderlag i fortsatt arbete med tillsynsvägledning och utveckling av hur tillsyn och tillsynsvägledning kan följas upp och utvärderas.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the consequences of quarantines during a pandemic
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the epidemiological and economic effects of quarantines. We use a basic epidemiological model, a SEIR-model, that is calibrated to roughly resemble the COVID-19 pandemic, and we assume that individuals that become infected or are isolated on average lose a share of their productivity. An early quarantine postpones but does not alter the course of the pandemic at a cost that increases in the duration and the extent of the quarantine. For quarantines at later stages of the pandemic there is a trade-off between lowering the peak level of infectious people on the one hand and minimizing fatalities and economic losses on the other hand. A longer quarantine dampens the peak level of infectious people and also reduces the total number of infected persons but increases economic losses. Both the peak level of infectious individuals and the total share of the population that will have been infected are U-shaped in relation to the share of the population in quarantine, while economic costs increase in this share. In particular, a quarantine covering a moderate share of the population leads to a lower peak, fewer deaths and lower economic costs, but it implies that the peak of the pandemic occurs earlier.
|
|
| 5. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the consequences of quarantines during a pandemic
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 22:7, s. 1115-1128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the epidemiological and economic effects of quarantines. We use a basic epidemiological model, a SEIR-model, that is calibrated to roughly resemble the COVID-19 pandemic, and we assume that individuals that become infected or are isolated on average lose a share of their productivity. An early quarantine postpones but does not alter the course of the pandemic at a cost that increases in the duration and the extent of the quarantine. For quarantines at later stages of the pandemic there is a trade-off between lowering the peak level of infectious people on the one hand and minimizing fatalities and economic losses on the other hand. A longer quarantine dampens the peak level of infectious people and also reduces the total number of infected persons but increases economic losses. Both the peak level of infectious individuals and the total share of the population that will have been infected are U-shaped in relation to the share of the population in quarantine, while economic costs increase in this share. In particular, a quarantine covering a moderate share of the population leads to a lower peak, fewer deaths and lower economic costs, but it implies that the peak of the pandemic occurs earlier.
|
|
| 6. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
ON THE OPTIMAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY FOR INFLUENZA VACCINE
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Health Economics. - : Wiley. - 1057-9230 .- 1099-1050. ; 24:6, s. 726-741
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the profit maximizing capacity choice of a monopolistic vaccine producer facing the uncertain event of a pandemic in a homogenous population of forward-looking individuals. For any capacity level, the monopolist solves the intertemporal price discrimination problem within the dynamic setting generated by the standard mathematical epidemiological model of infectious diseases. Even though consumers are assumed to be identical, the monopolist will be able to exploit the ex post heterogeneity between infected and susceptible individuals by raising the price of vaccine in response to the increasing hazard rate. The monopolist thus bases its investment decision on the expected profits from the optimal price path given the infection dynamics. It is shown that the monopolist will always choose to invest in a lower production capacity than the social planner. Through numerical simulation, it is demonstrated how the loss to society of having a monopoly producer decreases with the speed of infection transmission. Moreover, it is illustrated how the monopolist's optimal vaccination rate increases as its discount rate rises for cost parameters based on Swedish data. However, the effect of the firm discount rate on its investment decision is sensitive to assumptions regarding the cost of production capacity.
|
|
| 7. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Whom to Vaccinate First - Some Important Trade-offs
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Discussion paper series - Centre for Economic Policy Research. - 0265-8003 .- 2045-6573. ; 79, s. 93-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper models the current pandemic to analyze vaccination strategies in a setting with three age groups that differ with respect to their fatality rates. The model also accounts for heterogeneity in the transmission rates between and within these age groups. We compare the outcomes in terms of the total number of deceased, the total number of infected, the peak infection rate and the economic consequences. We find that fatalities are almost always minimized by first vaccinating the elderly, except when vaccination is slow and the general transmission rate is relatively low. In this case deaths are minimized by first vaccinating the middle-aged as this group is responsible for substantial spreading of the virus to the elderly. With regard to the other outcome variables it is always best to vaccinate the middle-aged group first. A trade-off may therefore emerge between reducing fatalities on the one hand and lowering the number of infected as well as maximizing the economic gains from vaccinations on the other hand.
|
|
| 8. |
- Herzing, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
-
Att utvärdera och mäta tillsyn
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Flera olika studier har utförts inom ramen för forskningsprojektet Utvärdering avtillsynen som styrmedel för att uppnå miljökvalitetsmålen (rapport 6912, 2019).Tre av studierna handlar om hur metoden Motiverande samtal kan användas i samband med inspektioner som rör avfallssortering och djurskydd. Den fjärde studien sammanställer forskarnas erfarenheter av att analysera tillsyn, med fokus på hur en tillsynsmyndighet kan mäta effekten av sina olika metoder.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Herzing, Mathias
(författare)
-
Does hidden information make trade liberalization more fragile?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0008-4085 .- 1540-5982. ; 44:2, s. 561-579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>This paper focuses on the impact of hidden information on strategic interaction in the context of trade agreements. In the presence of informational asymmetry it is possible that a tradeoff between liberalization and sustainability of cooperation emerges. It is shown that it may be optimal to agree on a degree of liberalization associated with a strictly positive ex ante probability of deviation occurring. In that case, cooperation will break down in finite time, and the optimal degree of liberalization cannot be applied indefinitely.Ce memoire etudie l'impact de l'information cachee sur l'interaction strategique dans le contexte des accords de commerce. Quand il y a asymetrie de l'information, il est possible qu'emerge une relation d'equivalence entre la liberalisation et la viabilite de la cooperation. On montre qu'il peut etre optimal de s'entendre sur un degre de liberalisation associe a une probabilite ex ante strictement positive qu'une deviation va se produire. Dans ce cas, la cooperation va s'effriter dans une periode finie, et le degre optimal de liberalisation ne tient pas indefiniment.
|
|
