| 1. |
- Alkass, Kanar, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of radiocarbon, stable isotopes and DNA in teeth to facilitate identification of unknown decedents
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7, s. e69597-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The characterization of unidentified bodies or suspected human remains is a frequent and important task for forensic investigators. However, any identification method requires clues to the person’s identity to allow for comparisons with missing persons. If such clues are lacking, information about the year of birth, sex and geographic origin of the victim, is particularly helpful to aid in the identification casework and limit the search for possible matches. We present here results of stable isotope analysis of 13C and 18O, and bomb-pulse 14C analyses that can help in the casework. The 14C analysis of enamel provided information of the year of birth with an average absolute error of 1.8±1.3 years. We also found that analysis of enamel and root from the same tooth can be used to determine if the 14C values match the rising or falling part of the bomb-curve. Enamel laydown times can be used to estimate the date of birth of individuals, but here we show that this detour is unnecessary when using a large set of crude 14C data of tooth enamel as a reference. The levels of 13C in tooth enamel were higher in North America than in teeth from Europe and Asia, and Mexican teeth showed even higher levels than those from USA. DNA analysis was performed on 28 teeth, and provided individual-specific profiles in most cases and sex determination in all cases. In conclusion, these analyses can dramatically limit the number of possible matches and hence facilitate person identification work.
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| 2. |
- Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al.
(författare)
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Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Holmlund, Gunilla
(författare)
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Identifiering med DNA-teknik
- 2009
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Ingår i: Flygvapenmusei Årsbok 2009. - : Östergötlands flyghistoriska sällskap. ; , s. 52-61
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Holmlund, Gunilla, 1951-
(författare)
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The polymorphism of the minisatellite system D2S44
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The polymorphism of the minisatellite system D2S44 comprises all the polymorphisms typical for a minisatellite sequence; from variation in fragment length caused by a restriction site polymorphism or due to variation in the number of a repeated core sequence, to a core sequence polymorphism comprising four variants and variation in the order in which these variants are iterated in tandem. All these polymorphisms can be utilised in paternity investigations, and analysis of the order of variant repeats in parent-child combinations showed that the D2S44 incompatibilities found are due to a mutation in the parental allele.The length polymorphism comprise fragments between 1.4 and 12 kbp, forming two size clusters. Different internal orders of the variant core sequences with a conserved motif at one end of the alleles can be used to group the alleles into three types. Alleles belonging to these types can be considered to be of separate ancestry and are named ancestor alleles of the red, green and yellow type. The red allele type is mainly found in one of the size clusters and the green-type in the other, while the yellow-type alleles are found in both clusters. The presence of different types of ancestor alleles might be the reason for the bimodal distribution.Analysis of 30 mutations showed that short alleles gain repeats and long ones lose repeats. The three allele types also have their ·own individual mutation patterns. Mutations in the red- and the green-type alleles are found at on end of the alleles, and in the yellow-type alleles along the whole array. In five mutations with gains of repeats the gains had most probably been generated by intra-allelic duplications. In the remaining gain mutations the origin of the repeats is not known. There is thus no clear evidence for inter-allelic exchange and mutations in the D2S44 system may mainly be caused by an exchange of sequences between sister-chromatides.VNTR polymorphism was also found in the chimpanzee but with a tandem iteration of a different non-variant core sequence, positioned upstream relative to the tandem array in man. The gorilla seems not to contain tandem repeats.The D2S44 minisatellite system, with a vast number of fragment lengths comprises astonishingly little sequence polymorphism with only a few core sequence variants and only three main allele types compared to other minisatellites. In essence it is a true VNTR marker.
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| 6. |
- Holmlund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 160:1, s. 66-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 708 men, with Swedish names, from different parts of Sweden have been typed for the Y-chromosome minimal haplotype STR markers DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS385. Of these, 403 men were of geographically undefined Swedish origin and the rest, 305, from seven defined geographical regions. PCR-products were detected by ABI377 using sequenced allelic ladders. An evaluation of the 708 chromosomes revealed 423 different haplotypes. Only 100 of the haplotypes were found more than once. The over all haplotype diversity was 0.994. The haplotype 14, 12, 28, 23, 10, 11, 13, 14-14 has the highest frequency of 5.79% and is significantly Swedish, when compared to other European populations.
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| 7. |
- Holmlund, Kerstin, 1947-
(författare)
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Låt barnen komma till oss : Förskollärarna och kampen om småbarnsinstitutionerna 1854-1968
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how child care has changed and developed in a social and historical perspective. Its aim is also to ascertain what different roles were played by different professional groups, local government and state authorities in the struggle for the institutions for young children. In this context, two professional groups are of interest, namely kindergarten/pre-school teachers and staff of the crèches. The empirical material spans the period from 1854 until 1968, i.e. it dates from the starting point for the first crèche until the date when a government decision stipulated that the day nursery sector should be extended. The empirical material comprises the archives of the authorities, the archives of the pre-school body, periodicals etc.. I have found that the institutionalized care provided for the children of workers in the crèches was controlled by the bourgeois view of life and that its activities had an obvious hallmark of poor relief or social welfare. The staff of the crèches were supervised by bourgeois men and women who, in different ways, preserved class disticntions. The professional identity of the staff of the crèches was diffuse and their status was affetcted by the low status of their clients and they never achieved any professional success. The kindergartens were established and supervised by bourgeois women. They possessed considerable cultural capital which they could employ to keep up their activities at the kindergartens and teacher training establishments. The kindergartens were educational in nature and were directed, to a great extent, towards the children of the bourgeoisie. When the government began to become involved in the institutions for young children at the end of the 1930s it granted ideological support to the concept of half-day care, whereas the crèches, which by this time had changed their name to day nurseries, were considered a temporary solution to immediate child-minding problems. Thus the pre-school sector was expanded and the day nurseries were criticized as they represented a threat to the mother-child relationship. The supervisory body, the National Board of Health and Welfare, was a keen advocate of half-day care and considered its task to be that of defending the nuclear family. In the beginning of the 1960s, following the demands made from the forces of the labour market, a complete reversal of policy was brought about by the government and thus they gave priority to the day nurseries. Pre-school teachers eventually became the most prominent staff group within the day nurseries. However, they lost their autonomy by being integrated into the male-dominated state and bureaucratic structures and trade unions. Thus the pre-school teachers found themselves in subordinated positions. Problems related to gender limited the professional successes of this teaching body. Child care issues have also been influenced, to a great degree, by the prevailing class structure.
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| 8. |
- Holmlund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the feasibility of ReWork-SCI : a person-centred intervention for return-to-work after spinal cord injury
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of: (1) ReWork-SCI with regard to adherence and acceptability and (2) a study design for evaluating ReWork-SCI with regard to recruitment, retention and outcome measures. Design Pre-test and post-test, single group, feasibility study. Setting Spinal cord injury (SCI) unit at a regional rehabilitation centre in Sweden. Participants Two women and five men (n=7). Eligible criteria: (1) sustained traumatic or non-traumatic SCI; (2) completed the first acute care episode in a hospital; (3) between 18 to 65 years of age; (4) assessed by a physician as approachable for participation in the intervention; (5) history of permanent or temporary employment; (6) self-reported desire to return to work; and (7) ability to communicate in English or Swedish. Intervention ReWork-SCI is a person-centred intervention for return-to-work (RTW), developed and evaluated using the Medical Research Council's guidelines. ReWork-SCI follows a person-centred, structured and coordinated intervention process led by a coordinator within a SCI rehabilitation team. Outcome measures The feasibility of ReWork-SCI and a study design was evaluated using a set of outcome measurement tools, vocational data, logbooks and semi-structured interviews. Results All eligible participants accepted enrolment and follow-up. All participants had a plan for RTW after 3 months and four participants had initiated part-time work or work trial 6 months after commencement of intervention. Adherence and acceptability were overall good. Challenges of the intervention related to the person-centred follow-up, staff shortage and rootedness in the SCI team. Conclusions ReWork-SCI was feasible and can contribute to a systematic design of an individualised plan, facilitate decision-making and build trust in the RTW process after SCI. Core features of the intervention was the systematic structure, use of a person-centred approach and dialogue with the employer. For the effectiveness of ReWork-SCI, modifications and considerations of study design are needed.
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| 9. |
- Holmlund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Return-to-work : Exploring professionals' experiences of support for persons with spinal cord injury
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 28:7, s. 571-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To generate knowledge about how professional stakeholders organise and experience the support of the return-to-work (RTW) process for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods: Constructivist grounded theory approach. Professional stakeholders (n = 34) involved in the RTW process and representing three Swedish Regions were recruited into seven focus groups. Analysis followed initial, focussed, and theoretical coding.Findings: The core category - mediating intentions to support work and possibilities of working through social, labour market, and societal context - illustrates complexities of when and how to support a person with SCI in the RTW process, and a risk of delayed, unequal, or absent RTW processes. Analysis outlines: (1) Assessment of ability to work - uncertainty of how and when; (2) Planning RTW - divide between dynamic and rule-based perspectives; (3) Work re-entry - unequal paths towards viable solutions.Conclusions: In RTW after SCI, it is critical to acknowledge how the RTW process is situated in relation to the person and context. A possible direction - grounded in an occupational perspective - through early identification of needs and resources and coordination derived from the SCI rehabilitation setting within healthcare is suggested. This can facilitate a time-sensitive and equal RTW process.
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| 10. |
- Holmlund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work in the context of everyday life 7-11 years after spinal cord injury - a follow-up study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 40:24, s. 2875-2883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this follow-up study was to explore experiences of return to work in the context of everyday life among adults 7-11 years after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This study used in-depth interviews and observations in a qualitative design with eight persons who had previously been interviewed in 2008. A narrative approach was used during data gathering and analysis. Results: Return to work was experienced as something constantly needing to be negotiated in the context of everyday life. Several years after SCI expectations for work and perceptions of possibilities for meaningful work had changed. Five main themes were identified through the analysis, (1) negotiating the possibilities of working, (2) hope for future work tempered with concern, (3) education as a possible path to employment, (4) paths toward return to work in light of unmet support, and (5) unpaid occupations grounded in interest and competence. Conclusions: Persons who have no higher education or lack viable employment to return to after SCI seem to be vulnerable in return to work. Early and timely interventions tailored to the person's interests and competencies, in which the rehabilitation team has a distinct coordinating role, are thus critical in return to work.
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