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- Akerblom, H.K., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes
- 2002
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. - Hoboken, NJ, United States : John Wiley & Sons. - 0148-7299 .- 1096-8628. ; 115:1, s. 18-29
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease in which T lymphocytes infiltrate the islets of pancreas and destroy the insulin producing beta cell population. Besides antigen specificity, the quality of immune reactivity against islet cell antigen(s) is an important determinant of the beta cell destruction. Much evidence indicates that the function of the gut immune system is central in the pathogenesis, as the regulation of the gut immune system may be aberrant in type 1 diabetes. The role of virus infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes has been supported by substantial new evidence suggesting that one virus group, enteroviruses, may trigger the beta-cell damaging process in a considerable proportion of patients. The latest evidence comes from studies indicating the presence of viral genome in diabetic patients and from prospective studies confirming epidemiological risk effect. If this association holds still true in ongoing large-scale studies, intervention trials should be considered to confirm causality. Of the dietary putative etiological factors, cow's milk proteins have received the main attention. Many studies indicate an association between early exposure to dietary cow's milk proteins and an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. The question will be answered by a large scale, prospective, randomized, international intervention trial Another dietary factor in need of more studies is the deficiency of vitamin D. Among toxins, N-nitroso compounds are the main candidates. An interaction of genetic and environmental factors is important in evaluating the possible role of a certain environmental factor in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- Lee, H-S, et al.
(författare)
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Next-generation sequencing for viruses in children with rapid-onset type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 56:8, s. 1705-1711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viruses are candidate causative agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes. We hypothesised that children with a rapid onset of type 1 diabetes may have been exposed to such agents shortly before the initiation of islet autoimmunity, possibly at high dose, and thus study of these children could help identify viruses involved in the development of autoimmune diabetes. We used next-generation sequencing to search for viruses in plasma samples and examined the history of infection and fever in children enrolled in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study who progressed to type 1 diabetes within 6 months from the appearance of islet autoimmunity, and in matched islet-autoantibody-negative controls. Viruses were not detected more frequently in plasma from rapid-onset patients than in controls during the period surrounding seroconversion. In addition, infection histories were found to be similar between children with rapid-onset diabetes and control children, although episodes of fever were reported less frequently in children with rapid-onset diabetes. These findings do not support the presence of viraemia around the time of seroconversion in young children with rapid-onset type 1 diabetes.
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