| 1. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual patterns of prebreeding energy reserves in the common frog Rana temporaria along a latitudinal gradient
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 32:5, s. 831-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to store energy is an important life history trait for organisms facing long periods without energy income, and in particular for capital breeders such as temperate zone amphibians, which rely on stored energy during reproduction. However, large scale comparative studies of energy stores in populations with different environmental constraints on energy allocation are scarce. We investigated energy storage patterns in spring (after hibernation and before reproduction) in eight common frog (Rana temporaria) populations exposed to different environmental conditions along a 1600 km latitudinal gradient across Scandinavia (range of annual activity period 3-7 months). Analyses of lean body weight (eviscerated body mass), weight of fat bodies, liver weight, and liver fat content, showed that (i) post-hibernation/pre-breeding energy stores increased with increasing latitude in both sexes, (ii) males generally had larger energy reserves than females and (iii) the difference in energy stores between sexes decreased towards the north. Larger energy reserves towards the north can serve as a buffer against less predictable and/or less benign weather conditions during the short activity period, and may also represent a risk-averse tactic connected with a more pronounced iteroparous life history. In females, the continuous and overlapping vitellogenic activity in the north may also demand more reserves in early spring. The general sexual difference could be a consequence of the fact that, at the time of our sampling, females had already invested their energy into reproduction in the given year (i.e. their eggs were already ovulated), while the males' main reproductive activities (e.g. calling, mate searching, sexual competition) occurred later in the season.
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| 2. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing mealworm as an ingredient in crisps and pâtés – sensory characterization and consumer liking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Foods. - : Elsevier. - 2666-8335. ; 4, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate sensory perception and consumers’ attitude and liking of products with different textures, crisps and pâtés, with added mealworm ingredient in different amounts. By addition of mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor L. ) in the crisps, the brittleness increased. However, an increase in mealworm also increased the darkness. Adding mealworms to pâté reduced the odour and flavour of vegetable and increased the flavour of cinnamon and pepper as well as the oily texture. There was no significant difference in total liking between 10 and 30% addition of mealworm, nor between 0 and 10% addition, in any of the two products. The crisps received higher liking score than the pâtés. Thus, there is also a much higher probability that a customer would buy insect crisps than insect pâté. Environmental sustainability and sensory properties were shown to be the main reasons for buying foods with added insect ingredients.
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| 3. |
- Alho, Jussi S., et al.
(författare)
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Increasing melanism along a latitudinal gradient in a widespread amphibian : local adaptation, ontogenic or environmental plasticity?
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - 1471-2148 .- 1471-2148. ; 10, s. 317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe thermal benefits of melanism in ectothermic animals are widely recognized, but relatively little is known about population differentiation in the degree of melanism along thermal gradients, and the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental components into the level of melanism expressed. We investigated variation in the degree of melanism in the common frog (Rana temporaria; an active heliotherm thermoregulator) by comparing the degree of melanism (i) among twelve populations spanning over 1500 km long latitudinal gradient across the Scandinavian Peninsula and (ii) between two populations from latitudinal extremes subjected to larval temperature treatments in a common garden experiment.ResultsWe found that the degree of melanism increased steeply in the wild as a function of latitude. Comparison of the degree of population differentiation in melanism (PST) and neutral marker loci (FST) revealed that the PST > FST, indicating that the differences cannot be explained by random genetic drift alone. However, the latitudinal trend observed in the wild was not present in the common garden data, suggesting that the cline in nature is not attributable to direct genetic differences.ConclusionsAs straightforward local adaptation can be ruled out, the observed trend is likely to result from environment-driven phenotypic plasticity or ontogenetic plasticity coupled with population differences in age structure. In general, our results provide an example how phenotypic plasticity or even plain ontogeny can drive latitudinal clines and result in patterns perfectly matching the genetic differences expected under adaptive hypotheses.
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| 4. |
- Beltrán-Pardo, Eliana, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ionizing radiation on embryos of the tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at different stages of development
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9, s. e72098-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies havedocumented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differentialeffects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effectof gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from theeutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, andlate stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses,while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival withhigher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might havetaken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and latestage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage. These results show that thetolerance to radiation in tardigrade eggs changes in the course of their development. The mechanisms behind this patternare unknown, but may relate to changes in mitotic activities over the embryogenesis and/or to activation of responsemechanisms to damaged DNA in the course of development.
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel i kommunal planering
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har undersökt erfarenheter av och förutsättningar för att tillämpa ekologisk kompensation inom ramen för den kommunala planeringen. Inom olika delstudier har projektet undersökt ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel, tillämpningen av skadelindringshierarkin, utformningen av kompensationsmodeller och rutiner, användningen av olika modeller för beräkning av förluster och vinster inom kompensationsprojekt, samt allmänhetens preferenser för olika kompensationsalternativ. Projektet har genomförts i nära samarbete med Helsingborgs och Lomma kommun, och Kommunförbundet Skåne har varit projektets kommunikationspartner och arrangör av flera större möten och workshopar med tjänstemän från många kommuner i Skåne. ...
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimentally induced anhydrobiosis in the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer : phenotypic factors affecting survival
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Zoology. - : John Wiley & Sons Inc.. - 0022-104X .- 1097-010X. ; 293:6, s. 578-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of some animal taxa (e.g., nematodes, rotifers, and tardigrades) to enter an ametabolic (cryptobiotic) state is well known. Nevertheless, the phenotypic factors affecting successful anhydrobiosis have rarely been investigated. We report a laboratory study on the effects of body size, reproductive condition, and energetic condition on anhydrobiotic survival in a population of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer. Body size and energetic condition interacted in affecting the probability of survival, while reproductive condition had no effect. Large tardigrades had a lower probability of survival than medium-sized tardigrades and showed a positive response in survival to energetic condition. This suggests that energy constrained the possibility for large tardigrades toenter and to leave anhydrobiosis. As a possible alternative explanation for low survival in the largest specimens we discuss the expression of senescence. In line with the view that processes related to anhydrobiosis are connected with energetic costs we documented a decrease in the size of storage cells over a period of anhydrobiosis, showing for the first time that energy is consumed in the process of anhydrobiosis in tardigrades.
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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On the disparate terminological use of the concept cryptobiosis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Diseases. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0140-7775 .- 1365-2761. ; 27:3, s. 175-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conceptual and terminological consistency is an important component of science, promoting clarity and preventing confusion. Scientists should therefore always try to avoid giving different meanings to the same term. Apart from this general aspect, multiple definitions of a single term also give rise to practical problems, particularly in connection with literature search. In this note, I will bring attention to a term, cryptobiosis, that has relatively recently appeared in the field of fish disease research, but which has a much longer history and use in a completely different area.The concept of cryptobiosis was introduced by Keilin (1959) and defined as ‘the state of an organism when it shows no visible signs of life and when its metabolic activity becomes hardly measurable, or comes reversibly to a standstill’ (Keilin 1959, p. 166). Cryptobiosis replaced the earlier term anabiosis, and is today generally accepted as the common term for different ametabolic life forms (e.g. Clegg 2001; Wright 2001). Cryptobiosis means ‘hidden life’, an appropriate name for a state in which all traditional attributes of life (metabolism, reproduction, DNA replication) are absent. Cryptobiotic life forms have been documented in a variety of organisms, including both plants and animals, but in the latter category mainly among invertebrates (Wright, Westh & Ramløv 1992). Cryptobiosis is commonly induced by desiccation (so-called anhydrobiosis; e.g. Keilin 1959; Jönsson 2001), and aquatic invertebrates such as rotifers, nematodes and tardigrades living in microhabitats exposed to rapid desiccation frequently enter a cryptobiotic state. The research field dealing with cryptobiotic, sensu ametabolic, life forms has expanded considerably during the last 30 years, to a large extent fuelled by the detection of the ability of the disaccharide trehalose to protect dry and frozen biological cells (Crowe 2002).More recently, a completely different use of the term cryptobiosis has appeared in the literature on fish disease. In this literature, the term refers to infections of fish by biflagellated protozoa of the genus Cryptobia. Because of the economic importance of salmonid fish, much of the Cryptobia research has focused on Cryptobia salmositica (Katz) that infects salmonids (Woo 2001). The origin of the term cryptobiosis within fish pathology and studies of Cryptobia is unclear, but the earliest record of the term that I have found is Obradovic & Fijan (1979) who used it in a paper on chemotherapeutic treatment against Cryptobia in carp. From 1987 onwards, Woo et al. have used the term frequently (e.g. Woo, Leatherland & Lee 1987; Woo 1987, 1998, 2001), but apparently without any comments on the original proposal of the term. Curiously, few other researchers on Cryptobia seem to have adopted the cryptobiosis terminology, at least as judged from an examination of published titles. Other authors have instead used the expression ‘infections by Cryptobia’. Although using cryptobiosis as a term for infections by Cryptobia is consistent with the rule of creating names for infectious diseases by putting -osis as a post-fix to the name of the infecting organism, in the current case it creates terminological confusion.The problems of using the term cryptobiosis in several unrelated fields are obvious. A title such as ‘The biology of cryptobiosis’ would attract the attention of many students interested in ametabolic life forms. They would be disappointed, however, if the paper turned out to be about Cryptobia infection biology. Similarly, fish biologists would find the publication irrelevant to their research if it were properly confined to ametabolic life forms.Because ‘cryptobiosis’ as a term for ametabolic life forms is well established and has been used for more than 40 years, it should have priority over the more recent and limited use within fish pathology. I therefore hope that fish pathologists will avoid using the term cryptobiosis and instead use ‘infections by Cryptobia’, ‘cryptobiasis’ or some other term that does not interfere with already established terminology.
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation tolerance in the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 81:9, s. 649-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Tardigrades have a reputation of being extremely tolerant to extreme environmental conditions including tolerance to ionizing radiation while in a desiccated, anhydrobiotic state. However, the evidence for radio-tolerance in tardigrades is based on only one previous report, and there is an obvious need for complementary studies. In this paper we report an investigation on radio-tolerance in desiccated and hydrated specimens of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Groups of 30 - 50 tardigrades were exposed to gamma-radiation at doses between 1.0 - 9.0 (anhydrobiotic animals) or 0.5 - 5.0 (hydrated animals) kGy and the animals were followed until all were dead. Radiation tolerance of both desiccated and hydrated tardigrades was studied.RESULTS: Both desiccated and hydrated animals irradiated with 0.5 and 1 kGy did not deviate in survival from the control groups. Animals from all exposed groups underwent their moulting and egg production cycle, but at decreasing frequency for doses above 1 kGy. No eggs laid by irradiated animals hatched, while eggs laid by controls did so.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that radiation tolerance in tardigrades is not due to biochemical protectants connected with the desiccated state. Rather, cryptobiotic tardigrades may rely on efficient mechanisms of DNA repair, the nature of which is currently unknown.
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| 9. |
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Bioblitz i Arkelstorp 16-17 augusti 2019
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arkelstorpsviken är den nordvästra delen av Oppmannasjön, som ären av Skånes största sjöar. Idén att genomföra en så kallad Bioblitzvid Arkelstorpsviken föddes under ett styrelsemöte i projektet "En viki Sjöriket Skåne" som är ett samarbete mellan Oppmanna Vånga Bygderåd och Högskolan Kristianstad. Projektets främsta syfte är att hitta en lösning på den kraftiga övergödningen i Arkelstorpsviken. Detta är ett ”Leader”-finansierat projekt, vilket innebär att stommen i projektetär lokal förankring. Det fanns röster i byn som kände att man gav området onödigt dåligt rykte genom att ständigt lyfta fram problemen med vattenstatusen i sjön. Under ett styrelsemöte 30 sep 2018 föddes iden att genom en Bioblitz lyfta fram de positiva värdena i och kring sjön. Den naturliga samarbetspartnern för detta projekt var forskningsmiljön MABH (Man & Biosphere Health) vid Högskolan Kristianstad,vars medlemmar tillsammans besitter en mycket bred biologisk kunskap.Med MABH i ryggen var alltså kompetensen säkrad för att genomföra en Bioblitz. Inbjudningar skickades ut till lokala naturorganisationerför att hitta ännu fler experter som kunde hjälpa till med särskilda artgrupper. Samtidigt jobbade man aktivt lokalt med att försöka engagera intresserad allmänhet. Inbjudningar och direktreklam skickades ut till samtliga hushåll med postadress Arkelstorp. I ett försök att synas genom mediebruset anordnades en tävling, som gick ut på att gissa antalet arter (taxa) som hittades under Bioblitzen. Två lokala företag ställde upp och första priset för den vuxna individ som gissade närmstvar en 3-rätters måltid på Bäckaskogs Slott. De yngre tävlande kunde vinna en kanotutflykt med familjen på Ivögården.
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| 10. |
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