| 1. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A background on social context and renewable energy sources in Mozambique and Tanzania - An initial report from the STEEP-RES project
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This initial research report, appearing before the formal commencement of the STEEP-RESproject, focuses on the background and context of the project which is intended to make asocio-technical-ecological assessment of prerequisites to and effects of introducing renewableenergy sources (RES) into rural communities of the coastal Tanzania and Mozambique. Thereforea short review of the scientific literature is made dealing with societal prerequisites andrepercussions of electrification. Technical aspects related to the availability of natural resourcesand technologies for renewable energy resources utilisation are also briefly coveredalong with some very brief remarks on possible environmental repercussions.The review of the social context covers > 45 papers dealing with different experiencesof electrification in developing countries relating to renewable energy applicable for povertyalleviation in rural settings. The primary energy sources in rural East Africa are biofuels andelectricity plays a limited role. Electrification influences the composition of the energy mix,but during early development it has very limited impact on the use of wood for cocking andheating purposes. The institutional and financial frameworks are currently major barriers tosmall-scale RES-projects, although local technical and financial capacities are slowly increasing.Social and cultural settings create important drivers and barriers to introduction and diffusionof new technologies. Further, poverty and gender inequality are considered key issues forelectrification projects and create important barriers to success. Participatory and needorientedapproaches are considered necessary by most researchers for successful RES-projects.The more technical review is based on ~50 papers covers the existing renewable energysources (RES) - biofuels, solar, hydro, geothermal, wind, wave and tide. The technologicalstate and resource abundance of each source is discussed briefly in a regional context,along with environmental considerations on each technology.As large scale hydropower is being used in the region since long, it is noticeable thatsmall- and micro-scale hydropower is now advancing and will contribute to electrification inmany smaller river-bound areas. Bioenergy, in terms of firewood is widely used for cookingpurposes, although not environmentally sustainable and not with potential for electricity generation.Biofuels from plantations is rapidly increasing in Africa as well as the global trend.Also here, environmental considerations are of great importance for sustainability. Other RESof potential in the region, and with perhaps less environmental constrains, may be solar photovoltaicand tidal energy. Of less importance, according to regionally sparse resource abuniidance, seem to be wind and wave energy. The potential of geothermal energy is geographicallyrestricted to a few good locations.An inventory of actors within the field of East-African RES based on internet resourcesreveals a “top-heavy” information situation with many and well-designed information sourcesand active networks on global and African regional level while less web-information is availablefrom local levels in Tanzania and Mozambique, where only few companies working inthe field has been identified. More direct investigations are needed starting from the actorsidentified in this initial inventory.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Who is willing to stay sick for the collective? : – Individual characteristics, experience, and trust
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with the collective action dilemma of antibiotic resistance. Despite the collective threat posed by antibiotic resistance, there are limited incentives for individuals to consider the contribution of their decisions to use antibiotics to the spread of resistance. Drawing on a novel survey of Swedish citizens (n=1,906), we study factors linked to i) willingness to accept a physician’s decision not to prescribe antibiotics and ii) willingness to limit personal use of antibiotics voluntary. In our study, 53 percent of the respondents stated that they would be willing to accept the physician’s decision despite disagreeing with it, and trust in the healthcare sector is significantly associated with acceptance. When it comes to people’s willingness to voluntarily abstain from using antibiotics, a majority stated that they are willing or very willing not to take antibiotics. The variation in willingness is best explained by concerns about antibiotic resistance and experience of antibiotic therapy, especially if a respondent has been denied antibiotics. Generalized trust seems to be unrelated to willingness to abstain, but the perception that other people limit their personal use of antibiotics is linked to respondents’ own willingness to do so. Few of the individual characteristics can explain the variation in that decision.
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| 6. |
- Molander, Sverker, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-technical-ecological evaluations of the potential to implement renewable energy sources in coastal areas of tropical developing countries – an East African case study
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The suggested project aims at evaluating the potential for a successful implementation of renewableenergy sources in the coastal zone of tropical developing countries integrating results from differentscientific disciplines (ecology, social science and technology) into a useful support for developmentpolicy. Its emphasis will be on remote areas where poor infrastructures raise the demand forindependent electricity supplies. Moreover, the project intends to identify key-issues and sociotechnicalpathways for a future integration of suitable renewable energy sources in such areas.The research will be based on analyses of the relationships between technical, ecological andsocial systems and focus on applying adequate technology in a socially and ecologically feasible way.The energy sources considered will be selected from local natural flowing resources, i.e. mainly tidal,stream, and wave energies.With funding from Sida (SAREC Planning Grant) and Adlerbertska Forskningsstiftelsen, a planningstudy was carried out during October – November 2007, including the subsequent parts:1) meetings with representatives from several concerned institutions in Mozambique and inTanzania2) field visit to remote rural areas in southern Tanzania where hydrographical and coastmorphological features were documented3) meetings with village representatives in remote rural southern Tanzania in order to collectinformation about living standards, energy demands and development intentionsCompiled results from the three parts are presented in this report and will constitute a baseline for theforthcoming application of Sida Project grant, to be handed in April 2008. When taking part of theresults it is important to keep in mind that the suggested project does not intend to construct any actualpower plants, or pilot plants, but to study the prerequisites and consequences, technical, natural as wellas societal in order to evaluate if and how a future implementation of these recent technologies couldbe carried out in a feasible and sustainable way.This report is written with a plain perspective and contains no abstract. As the proceedings of the studywill be the basis for a research application in progress, conclusions will instead be developed withinthat context.
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| 7. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Drought and Political Trust
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Droughts can affect people’s political trust positively, through rallying effects, or negatively, through blame attribution. We examine how drought conditions affect political trust in the context of Africa. We link high-precision exogenous climate data to survey respondents, 2002–2018, and report moderate negative effects of drought conditions on people’s trust in their president. These negative effects increase with the severity of drought conditions. The political economy of favoritism, where some regions are preferentially treated by rulers, should result in heterogeneous effects across territories. We find that trust increases in capital regions and in leader birth regions during dry conditions. In contrast, when droughts take place in such regions, trust levels fall in other regions. This is in line with the idea that capital regions and leader birth regions could be preferentially treated in the aftermath of droughts. Understanding these processes further is important given their salience because of global warming.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt: LRF och Svenskt flyg svarar inte om klimatmålen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sammantaget ser vi inget i motdebattörernas argument som talar emot att införa styrmedel, till exempel konsumtionsskatter, inom dessa områden där inga stora tekniska lösningar finns i sikte, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare i slutrepliken till sin text om flyg- och köttskatt (26/2).
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| 9. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs kraftfulla åtgärder mot nötkött och flygresor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; 2015-02-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenskarnas globala utsläpp från köttkonsumtion och flygresor motsvarar hälften av de totala utsläppen på hemmaplan. I vår rapport till Naturvårdsverket föreslår vi tydliga styrmedel – som nya skatter – för att begränsa konsumtionen på dessa områden, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Erik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Sambanden mellan globalisering och hållbar utveckling
- 2008
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Ingår i: Andersson, E. och Jagers, S. (red.), Global hållbar utveckling. - Göteborg : Folkuniversitetet. - 9789197683715 ; , s. 9-23
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här boken är avsikten att belysa två begrepp som utgör en ökande del av samtalsämnena i media, i den internationella politiken, över lunchborden och inom forskningen: globalisering och hållbar utveckling. Vad innebär dessa begrepp? Var kommer de ifrån? Hur hänger de ihop? Och kanske inte minst: vad kan man göra åt dem - om man nu kan det?
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