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- Ahlsson, Fredrik, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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School Performance After Preterm Birth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 26:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increased risk of poor school performance for children born preterm has been shown in many studies, but whether this increase is attributable to preterm birth per se or to other factors associated with preterm birth has not been resolved. Methods: We used data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Longitudinal Integration Database for Sickness Insurance and Labor Market Study, the Swedish Multigeneration Register, and the National School Register to link records comprising the Swedish birth cohorts from 1974 through 1991. Linear regression was used to assess the association between gestational duration and school performance, both with and without controlling for parental and socioeconomic factors. In a restricted analysis, we compared siblings only with each other. Results: Preterm birth was strongly and negatively correlated with school performance. The distribution of school grades for children born at 31-33 weeks was on average 3.85 (95% confidence interval = -4.36 to -3.35) centiles lower than for children born at 40 weeks. For births at 22-24 weeks, the corresponding figure was -23.15 (-30.32 to -15.97). When taking confounders into account, the association remained. When restricting the analysis to siblings, however, the association between school performance and preterm birth after week 30 vanished completely, whereas it remained, less pronounced, for preterm birth before 30 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between school performance and preterm birth after 30 gestational weeks is attributable to factors other than preterm birth per se.
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| 2. |
- Bahmanyar, Shahram, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological treatment and demographic characteristics of pediatric patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 23:12, s. 1732-1738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the pediatric population with ADHD and their pharmacological treatment. Using the Swedish National Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register we identified individuals below 19 years of age who were diagnosed or medically treated for ADHD for the first time 2006-2007. The unique patient identifiers were used to link information from the two registers to describe demographic characteristics, hospital care and drug treatments. Logistic regression model estimated the association between age, sex, frequency of hospitalization, diagnosis or treatment for other mental disorders and risk of gap in the treatment. Totally the study included 7931 patients of whom 74% were males. The mean age at first diagnosis was 12 years. Some 84% were medically treated for ADHD and approximately 90% received methylphenidate as the first substance. Combination therapy was rare and the most common combination was methylphenidate and atomoxetine. More than 55% of the patients, which could be followed up for two years after start of treatment, had at least one treatment gap of six months. Older age at diagnosis, lower number of hospitalizations and comorbidity with other mental disorders increased risks of gaps in medication. Approximately one fifth of the patients recorded in the National Patient Register as diagnosed with ADHD did not receive pharmacological treatment. Medication adherence seems to be low, when measured as gaps in treatment.
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| 3. |
- Dankić, Andrea, 1984-
(författare)
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Att göra hiphop : En studie av musikpraktiker och sociala positioner
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation explores music-making processes within the genre of Swedish hip-hop during the first half of the 2010s. Hip-hop is often associated with strong notions about authenticity based both on musical tradition regarding style and aesthetics, as well as social categories such as race, gender, class and place. While hip-hop scholarship has often focused on analyzing social categories as part of identity politics, the practical music-making aspect has often been neglected. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze how hip-hop musicking has been constituted by the combination of musical practices, skills, social positions, and knowledge. The prerequisites of Swedish hip-hop music are analyzed, with a particular focus on the intersection between practical music-making and gender, race, ethnicity, generation and place.The primary empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with and observations among club DJs, battle rappers, and hosts at battle rap events, as well as both the participants and the instructors at musical camps. Material from social media is also a part of the empirical material.The musicological concept of musicking with its understanding of music as a collection of social processes is an important theoretical foundation for this study. Thinking in terms of musicking instead of music enabled me to broaden the scope of possible social settings where the fieldwork was conducted, as well as the choice of study participants. In order to define the practices, knowledges, skills, and positions specific to the hip-hop context, I introduced the concept of hip-hop musicking. The term “hip-hop musicking” signifies the conceptual marriage of practical music-making and the identity formations within processes of hip-hop music-making. I argue that the concept of musicking benefits from an intersectional perspective, as social positions enable and shape musical practice.In the dissertation, the concept of an ideal–typical hip-hop position, inspired by Weber’s ideal type, is used to explore the processes behind music-making that are involved in hip-hop musicking. The ideal–typical individual is understood to be a young man racialized as non-white, is (often) angry, has a criminal record, and is from a vulnerable urban area in Stockholm. Throughout the empirical material, this hip-hop position appears in what is understood as the reproduction of stereotypical ideas of hip-hop music as a masculine and racialized coded sphere. However, it also appears in musicking where feminism is in focus.The results of the dissertation show that ideas about this ideal–typical social position strongly affect who is given recognition for their dedication to hip-hop musicking. This is relevant, as ideas about authenticity are important both for the empirical field and for hip-hop scholarship. At times, the study’s participants criticized this position, but at other times, they reproduced it. I argue that the ideal–typical hip-hop position can be understood as something constant that is also involved in change processes. Therefore, development is ongoing in terms of what is considered hip-hop musicking, while aspects of the ideal–typical position are allowed to remain the same. A part of the goal of musicking includes fighting with the ideal–typical and the normative. This, in turn, reproduces power relations while simultaneously involving possibilities for change.
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| 7. |
- Gullström, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Analogue Friday 1: Thumbs Up! and Analogue Friday 2: InstaYum! : Impact event and film production
- 2015
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Annan publikation (film/video) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- As part of a public dissemination impact activity within the Mediating Presence project of EIT ICT Labs in 2013, partners were invited to a series of Mediated Seminars, seeking to identify valuable trends relating to the future of the media industry in general, and to smart spaces in a particular. The participants reviewed and discussed all the recent publications available via the EIT ICT Labs Web site (www.eitictlabs.eu/publications), as well as a wide range of publicly available reports and white papers. As a result of this process, the idea was put forward to produce four films that would trigger reflection within the research community about the technical development relating to "smart spaces". This represents a new and experimental form of outreach and dissemination for the activity.The workshop was successfully concluded, with preliminary drafts for scripts, intended for the creation of four short films, handed over to four different film producers by responsible activity researchers in four different cities (Delft, Helsinki, Luleå, and Stockholm). Tentative versions of three films were screened according to plan at the Espoo SSP Results Day event in December, from which valuable feedback was received, allowing for the first three films to be slightly revised and completed at the end of December. In parallel, the fourth film was realised in two parts and completed at the end of December: Analogue Friday 1 and 2.
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| 10. |
- Kaijser, Magnus
(författare)
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Does cancer originate in utero?
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present thesis was to evaluate Trichopoulos' hypothesis that breast cancer can originate in utero, and to examine the role of antenatal estrogen exposure in the etiology of testicular cancer. First, we used data from a Swedish-Norwegian cohort study on risk factors for small-for-gestational-age births to identify markers for antenatal estrogen exposure. A total of 1,945 parous women were followed during gestation, and the follow-up included blood samples taken at 17, 25, 33 and 37 weeks of gestation. After delivery, 234 women who delivered at term (>=37 weeks) were selected for estriol analysis. Of these, 188 had been assessed three or more times during gestation. We calculated the cumulative estriol level for each woman and analyzed the associations between pregnancy characteristics, fetal and matemal anthropometrics and the cumulative levels of estriol. We found a strong positive association between birth weight and cumulative estriol. We also found that smoking decreases estriol throughout the duration of gestation with 20 to 30%, whereas matemal age and pregnancy weight gain were not associated with estriol. Second, we used the obtained markers (birth weight and matemal smoking) in studies on risk factors for breast and testicular cancer. In a population based case-control study on breast cancer among female twins from opposite-sexed twin pairs, we found birth weight strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Compared with women with a birth weight below 2,000 grams, women with a birth weight of more than 3,500 grams had a more than tenfold increase in breast cancer risk. As a marker for matemal smoking during gestation we used a matemal diagnosis of lung cancer. Through the use of the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Generation Register we identified the offspring of women who had developed lung cancer between 1958 and 1997. We restricted the analysis to lung cancer subtypes with a known association to smoking. Of the 22,158 women who developed lung cancer during the study period, 19,869 were included. Of these, 11, 115 had a total of 23,530 children born after 1941. We found that male offspring of women with lung cancer had an almost twofold increase in testicular cancer risk, but we found no association between matemal lung cancer and risk of breast cancer. The last study of the thesis was a retrospective cohort study on preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth and subsequent cancer risk. By manually reviewing approximately 250,000 birth records from the period 1925 to 1949 at four major delivery units, we identified 3,361 infants who were born small for gestational age or before the 35th week of gestation. We assessed incident cancer cases in the cohort through the Swedish Cancer Register. We found no increased risk for cancer overall in the cohort, but infants with a birth weight of less than 2,000 grams had an almost fourfold increase in testicular cancer risk. The association was independent of gestational age. Women with a gestational duration of 33 to 34 weeks and a birth weight of 3,000 grams or more had a threefold increase in breast cancer risk, and among women born before 32 weeks, a birth weight of less than 2,000 grams was associated with a relative risk of 1.7. The association between birth weight and breast cancer suggests the role of antenatal hormonal exposures, but could be due to other factors. The strong association between birth weight and breast cancer among females from opposite-sexed twin pairs, much stronger than previously reported from same-sexed pairs in the same population, is, however, unlikely to be due to anything other than hormonal exposures in utero. Trichopoulos' hypothesis is therefore valid, but hormones other than estrogen must be of importance. In contradiction to the hypothesis on the role of estrogens in testicular carcinogenesis, we found markers for low estrogen levels during pregnancy being associated with an increased risk for testicular cancer.
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