| 1. |
- Aoki, Sayaka, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new screening tool for neuromotor development in children aged two - the neuromotor 5 min exam 2-year-old version (N5E2).
- 2018
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Ingår i: Brain & development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7131 .- 0387-7604. ; 40:6, s. 445-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a new screening tool for neuromotor development in children aged two, we developed the Neuromotor 5 min Exam 2-year-old version (N5E2), which can be easily administered by pediatricians or primary care physicians. In this study, as an initial attempt to examine the utility of the N5E2, the inter-rater reliability on scoring for the individual items in this scale was assessed.The participants of the study were 29 children (aged 1-5 years, mean age = 2.79) diagnosed with a variety of neuromotor/developmental disorders/high-risk conditions. Inter-rater reliability was examined on the following 11 items in the N5E2: (1) Retrieving a rolling ball, (2) Gait, (3) Toe-walking, (4) Asymmetries of posture and/or movement, (5) Age at unsupported walking, (6) Speaking in two-word understandable sentences, (7) Hypotonus, (8) Hypertonus, (9) Eye movement, (10) Vision problem, (11) Hearing problem. The items were administered to children by two pediatricians with different expertise and clinical experience, separately.The results showed that among the eleven items in the N5E2 examined, a high level of agreement (κ ≥ 0.60) was found on 4 items, and a moderate level of agreement (0.40 ≤ κ < 0.60) was found on 5 items. The level of agreement somewhat improved after the dichotomization of the score; using this format, a high level of rater agreement (κ ≥ 0.60) was found on 6 out of 11 items. The analyses also revealed high inter-rater reliability on the sum score of the 11 items (r = 0.84).The results suggest the possibility that this brief screening tool could be feasible in settings where clinicians' experience varies, based on its inter-rater reliability on individual items between the clinicians with different expertise and amount of clinical experiences.
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| 2. |
- Ebishima, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of the Acoustic Startle Response and Its Modulation to Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviors in Typically Developing Children and Those With Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Pilot Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive functioning across multiple domains of daily life. Thus, investigation of the biological background of both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors may shed light on developing effective interventions for improving social adaptation in ASD. In this study, we examined the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive behaviors and the acoustic startle response (ASR) and its modulation, which are promising neurophysiological markers for ASD translational research. Method: We investigated the ASR and its modulation in 11 children with ASD and 18 with typical development (TD), analyzing the relationship between startle measures and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) Second Edition. Results: Peak-ASR latency was negatively correlated with the VABS total score and socialization domain score of adaptive behaviors, while the ASR magnitude for relatively weak stimuli of 75-85 dB was positively correlated with VABS maladaptive behavior scores. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) at the prepulse intensity of 70-75 dB was also correlated with VABS maladaptive behavior. However, these relationships did not remain significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the prolonged peak-ASR latency of ASD children might be associated with impairment in the developmental level of adaptive behavior, and that the greater ASR magnitude to relatively weak acoustic stimuli and smaller PPI of ASD children might increase the risk of maladaptive behavior. Future studies that have larger sample sizes will be important for further elucidating the neurophysiological factors that underpin adaptive as well as maladaptive behaviors in ASD.
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| 3. |
- Haraguchi, Hideyuki, et al.
(författare)
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One-year outcomes of low-intensity behavioral interventions among Japanese preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders : Community-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 1750-9467 .- 1878-0237. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the need for evidence-based practice for children with autism spectrum disorders in the community, especially in areas with a scarcity of qualified experts and high financial costs, there is a lack of evidence concerning the potential benefits of early interventions which may be affordable in the real world (e.g. low-intensity behavioral or eclectic interventions). This study examined behavioral changes in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorders who received low-intensity behavioral interventions (a mean of 5.5 h per week) or non-behavioral eclectic interventions delivered in community settings in Japan across a 1-year period and compared outcomes between the groups. We assessed children’s developmental quotient, adaptive behavior, autism symptom/severity, and maternal stress and depression at baseline and after 1 year. Our results revealed that children receiving interventions in their communities showed improvement in language and social development. Further, the degree of improvement in children receiving low-intensity behavioral interventions was significantly greater than in children receiving non-behavioral eclectic interventions. The improvement was associated with the intensity of total, especially one-to-one interventions. On the other hand, there were no group differences in the degree of improvement in other outcome measures. Our results suggest that some preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder may benefit from low-intensity behavioral interventions for their language and social development. A greater intensity of one-to-one interventions was found to be associated with greater progress in language development and communication skills. The current study highlights the importance of implementing early interventions in the community, even at a low intensity.
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| 4. |
- Haraguchi, Hideyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of Autistic Traits from 5 to 8 Years of Age Among Children in the General Population
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 324-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the across time stability of autistic traits during the transition period from preschool to school age in the general population. The current study compared autistic traits assessed by a mother-reported quantitative measure, the Social Responsiveness Scale, at age 5 and 8 years and examined the intraclass correlation coefficients of scores across the period for 168 Japanese community-based children. Results showed that total and two subdomain-related autistic trait scores remained primarily stable in males and females. This stability was observed for both children with higher and lower autistic traits scores with a possible sex-specific pattern. Our findings suggest that autistic traits in the general population can be reliably assessed using quantitative measures for this age period.
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| 5. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD Symptoms and Pain among Adults in England
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 246, s. 326-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Prior research has produced conflicting findings on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pain, while studies among community-dwelling adults are lacking. This study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and pain in the general adult population, and the extent to which this association is influenced by comorbid common mental disorders (CMDs). Data came from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey which included a representative sample of the English adult population aged ≥16 years (N=7403). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was used to obtain information on ADHD symptoms, while pain was assessed by the degree to which it interfered with work activity in the previous month. The Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) was used to evaluate six categories of CMDs. In a binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for socio-demographic factors and physical health conditions, an ADHD symptom score ≥14 was strongly associated with extreme pain (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.09–4.74). The OR was attenuated greatly after further adjustment for CMDs (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.05–2.58) but remained statistically significant. Adults with ADHD symptoms have higher odds for experiencing pain. CMDs are influential in this association but do not fully explain it.
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| 6. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Autistic Traits in Children Aged 2 to 4½ Years With the Preschool Version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-P) : Findings from Japan
- 2017
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Ingår i: Autism Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1939-3792 .- 1939-3806. ; 10:5, s. 852-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent development and use of autism measures for the general population has led to a growing body of evidence which suggests that autistic traits are distributed along a continuum. However, as most existing autism measures were designed for use in children older than age 4, to date, little is known about the autistic continuum in children younger than age 4. As autistic symptoms are evident in the first few years, to address this research gap, the current study tested the preschool version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-P) in children aged 2 to 4½ years in clinical (N = 74, average age 40 months, 26-51 months) and community settings (N = 357, average age 39 months, 25-50 months) in Japan. Using information obtained from different raters (mothers, other caregivers, and teachers) it was found that the scale demonstrated a good degree of internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability, and a satisfactory degree of convergent validity for the clinical sample when compared with scores from diagnostic "gold standard" autism measures. Receiver operating characteristic analyses and the group comparisons also showed that the SRS-P total score discriminated well between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those without ASD. Importantly, this scale could identify autistic symptoms or traits distributed continually across the child population at this age irrespective of the presence of an ASD diagnosis. These findings suggest that the SRS-P might be a sensitive instrument for case identification including subthreshold ASD, as well as a potentially useful research tool for exploring ASD endophenotypes. Autism Res 2016.
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| 7. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and future expectations in Russian adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. - : Springer. - 1866-6116 .- 1866-6647. ; 11:3, s. 279-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role of future expectations-the extent to which a future outcome is deemed likely-in the health and well-being of adolescents, with research linking future expectations to outcomes such as an increased likelihood of engaging in risky health behaviors. As yet, however, there has been no research on future expectations and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence. To address this research gap, the current study examined the association between ADHD symptoms/possible ADHD status and future expectations in a school-based sample of adolescents. Data were analyzed from 537 Russian adolescents (aged 12-17) with teacher-reported ADHD symptoms and self-reported future expectations. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations. In fully adjusted analyses, inattention symptoms/possible ADHD inattentive status was associated with lower future educational expectations, while a possible ADHD hyperactivity status was associated with increased odds for negative future expectations relating to work, family and succeeding in what is most important. The findings of this study suggest that greater ADHD symptoms/possible ADHD status in adolescence may be linked to an increased risk for negative future expectations across a variety of different life domains.
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| 8. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and happiness among adults in the general population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 265, s. 317-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Despite an increasing focus on the role of mood and emotions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as yet, there has been comparatively little research on positive emotions. To address this research gap, the current study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and happiness using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. The analytic sample comprised 7274 adults aged 18 and above residing in private households in England. Information was collected on ADHD symptoms using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener, while happiness was assessed with a single (3-point) measure. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis and a mediation analysis were performed to examine associations. Greater ADHD symptom severity was associated with higher odds for feeling less happy. Emotional instability (percentage mediated 37.1%), anxiety disorder (35.6%) and depression (29.9%) were all important mediators of the association between ADHD and happiness. Given that happiness has been linked to a number of beneficial outcomes, the results of this study highlight the importance of diagnosing ADHD in adults and also of screening for and treating any comorbid psychiatric disorders in these individuals.
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| 9. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and loneliness among adults in the general population
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 62, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research on the association between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and loneliness is scarce even though factors which have been previously linked to loneliness, such as divorce and poorer mental health may be more prevalent among adults with ADHD. This study investigated the relation between ADHD symptoms/symptom severity and loneliness in the general adult population. Methods: Data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (N = 7403, aged >16 years) were analyzed. ADHD symptoms and common mental disorders (CMDs) were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener and the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised, respectively. Loneliness was measured with a question from the Social Functioning Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations. Results: In the fully adjusted model, an ASRS score >14 was strongly associated with loneliness (OR= 2.48 95%CI = 1.83-336). ADHD symptom severity was related to loneliness in a dose-response fashion. Over one-third of the association between ADHD symptoms and loneliness was explained by CMDs. Conclusions: Adults with more ADHD symptoms are at an increased risk of feeling lonely. Future research should determine how ADHD symptoms are linked to loneliness and if loneliness is affectihg well-being.
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| 10. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and suicidal behavior in adult psychiatric outpatients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. - : Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. - 1323-1316 .- 1440-1819. ; 72:9, s. 713-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To examine the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicidal behavior in psychiatric outpatients and whether this association differs among patients with different psychiatric disorders.METHODS: Cross-sectional data came from the Japan Prevalence Study of Adult ADHD at Psychiatric Outpatient Care (the J-PAAP study) which included psychiatric outpatients aged 18-65 years recruited from one university hospital and three general psychiatric outpatient clinics in Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan in April 2014 to January 2015 (N=864). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was used to collect information on ADHD symptoms. Reports of current and lifetime suicidal behavior were also obtained. A multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal behavior.RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates there was a strong association between possible ADHD (ASRS ≥ 14) and suicidal behavior with prevalence ratios ranging from 1.17 (lifetime suicidal ideation) to 1.59 (lifetime suicide attempt) and 2.36 (current suicidal ideation). When ASRS strata were used, there was a dose-response association between increasing ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Analyses of individual ICD-10 psychiatric disorders showed that associations varied across disorders and that for anxiety disorder ADHD symptoms were significantly linked to all forms of suicidal behavior.CONCLUSION: ADHD symptom severity is associated with an increased risk for suicidal behavior in general psychiatric outpatients. As ADHD symptoms are common among adult psychiatric outpatients, detecting and treating ADHD in this population may be important for preventing suicidal behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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