| 1. |
- Brown, Alana, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex and gender science : The world writes on the body
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sex differences in brain function and dysfunction. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031267222 - 9783031267253 - 9783031267239 ; , s. 3-25
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex and Gender Science seeks to better acknowledge that the body cannot be removed from the world it inhabits. We believe that to best answer any neuroscience question, the biological and the social need to be addressed through both objective means to learn, “how it is like” and subjective means to learn, “what it is like.” We call bringing the biological and social together, “Situated Neuroscience” and the mixing of approaches to do so, Very Mixed Methods. Taken together, they constitute an approach to Sex and Gender Science. In this chapter, we describe neural phenomena for which considering sex and gender together produces a fuller knowledge base: sleep, pain, memory, and concussion. For these brain phenomena examples, studying only quantitative measures does not reveal the full impact of these lived experiences on the brain but studying only the qualitative would not reveal how the brain responds. We discuss how Sex and Gender Science allows us to begin to bring together biology and its social context and acknowledge where context can contribute to resolving ignorance to offer more expansive, complementary, and interrelating pictures of an intricate neuro-landscape.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brown, Alana, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex and Gender Science : The World Writes on the Body.
- 2023. - 1
-
Ingår i: Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031267222 - 9783031267253 - 9783031267239 ; , s. 3-25
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex and Gender Science seeks to better acknowledge that the body cannot be removed from the world it inhabits. We believe that to best answer any neuroscience question, the biological and the social need to be addressed through both objective means to learn, "how it is like" and subjective means to learn, "what it is like." We call bringing the biological and social together, "Situated Neuroscience" and the mixing of approaches to do so, Very Mixed Methods. Taken together, they constitute an approach to Sex and Gender Science. In this chapter, we describe neural phenomena for which considering sex and gender together produces a fuller knowledge base: sleep, pain, memory, and concussion. For these brain phenomena examples, studying only quantitative measures does not reveal the full impact of these lived experiences on the brain but studying only the qualitative would not reveal how the brain responds. We discuss how Sex and Gender Science allows us to begin to bring together biology and its social context and acknowledge where context can contribute to resolving ignorance to offer more expansive, complementary, and interrelating pictures of an intricate neuro-landscape.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brown, Alana, et al.
(författare)
-
Womens Brain Health: Midlife Ovarian Removal Affects Associative Memory
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : SPRINGER. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 60:11, s. 6145-6159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with early bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO; removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) have greater Alzheimers disease (AD) risk than women in spontaneous/natural menopause (SM), but early biomarkers of this risk are not well-characterized. Considering associative memory deficits may presage preclinical AD, we wondered if one of the earliest changes might be in associative memory and whether younger women with BSO had changes similar to those observed in SM. Women with BSO (with and without 17 & beta;-estradiol replacement therapy (ERT)), their age-matched premenopausal controls (AMC), and older women in SM completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging face-name associative memory task shown to predict early AD. Brain activation during encoding was compared between groups: AMC (n=25), BSO no ERT (BSO; n=15), BSO+ERT (n=16), and SM without hormone therapy (n=16). Region-of-interest analyses revealed AMC did not contribute to functional group differences. BSO+ERT had higher hippocampal activation than BSO and SM. This hippocampal activation correlated positively with urinary metabolite levels of 17 & beta;-estradiol. Multivariate partial least squares analyses showed BSO+ERT had a different network-level activation pattern than BSO and SM. Thus, despite being approximately 10 years younger, women with BSO without ERT had similar brain function to those with SM, suggesting early 17 & beta;-estradiol loss may lead to an altered functional brain phenotype which could influence late-life AD risk, making face-name encoding a potential biomarker for midlife women with increased AD risk. Despite similarities in activation, BSO and SM groups showed opposite within-hippocampus connectivity, suggesting menopause type is an important consideration when assessing brain function.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gervais, Nicole J., et al.
(författare)
-
Disturbed sleep is associated with reduced verbal episodic memory and entorhinal cortex volume in younger middle-aged women with risk-reducing early ovarian removal
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-2392. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Women with early ovarian removal (<48 years) have an elevated risk for both late-life Alzheimers disease (AD) and insomnia, a modifiable risk factor. In early midlife, they also show reduced verbal episodic memory and hippocampal volume. Whether these reductions correlate with a sleep phenotype consistent with insomnia risk remains unexplored. Methods: We recruited thirty-one younger middleaged women with risk-reducing early bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), fifteen of whom were taking estradiol-based hormone replacement therapy (BSO+ERT) and sixteen who were not (BSO). Fourteen age-matched premenopausal (AMC) and seventeen spontaneously peri-postmenopausal (SM) women who were similar to 10y older and not taking ERT were also enrolled. Overnight polysomnography recordings were collected at participants home across multiple nights (M=2.38 SEM=0.19), along with subjective sleep quality and hot flash ratings. In addition to group comparisons on sleep measures, associations with verbal episodic memory and medial temporal lobe volume were assessed. Results: Increased sleep latency and decreased sleep efficiency were observed on polysomnography recordings of those not taking ERT, consistent with insomnia symptoms. This phenotype was also observed in the older women in SM, implicating ovarian hormone loss. Further, sleep latency was associated with more forgetting on the paragraph recall task, previously shown to be altered in women with early BSO. Both increased sleep latency and reduced sleep efficiency were associated with smaller anterolateral entorhinal cortex volume. Discussion: Together, these findings confirm an association between ovarian hormone loss and insomnia symptoms, and importantly, identify an younger onset age in women with early ovarian removal, which may contribute to poorer cognitive and brain outcomes in these women.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gervais, Nicole J., et al.
(författare)
-
Scene memory and hippocampal volume in middle-aged women with early hormone loss
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 117, s. 97-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explored whether early midlife bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), a female specific risk factor for dementia, is associated with reduced medial temporal lobe structure and function. Younger middle-aged women with the BRCA1/2 mutation and a BSO prior to spontaneous menopause (SM) were recruited. We determined the performance of women with BSO not taking estradiol-based hormone therapy ( n = 18) on a task measuring object and scene recognition and quantified medial temporal lobe subregion volumes using manually segmented high-resolution T2-weighted MRI scans. Comparisons were made to those with BSO taking estradiol-based hormone therapy ( n = 20), age-matched premenopausal controls ( n = 28), and older women in SM not taking hormone therapy matched for duration of hormone deprivation ( n = 17). Reduced hippocampal integrity specific to the BSO group not taking hormone therapy was observed, reflected by significantly smaller dentate gyrus/CA2/CA3 volumes and lower scene recognition memory performance. These findings show that hippocampal subfield volume may be useful for identifying early midlife changes in women at elevated risk for dementia.
|
|
| 6. |
- Reuben, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Menopause and cognitive complaints : are ovarian hormones linked with subjective cognitive decline?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Climacteric. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1369-7137 .- 1473-0804. ; 24:4, s. 321-332
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and the loss of ovarian hormones after menopause have been independently linked to later-life Alzheimers disease (AD). The objective of this review was to determine whether menopause and the loss of ovarian hormones contribute to cognitive complaints and SCD in women. This would suggest that SCD at the menopausal transition might be an important marker of eventual cognitive decline and AD. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science in July 2020. All English-language studies assessing SCD and cognitive complaints with respect to menopause and ovarian hormones were included. A total of 19 studies were included. Studies found that cognitive complaints increased across the menopause transition and were associated with reductions in attention, verbal and working memory, and medial temporal lobe volume. Women taking estrogen-decreasing treatments also had increased cognitive complaints and reduced working memory and executive function. The current literature provides impetus for further research on whether menopause and the loss of ovarian hormones are associated with cognitive complaints and SCD. Clinicians may take particular note of cognitive complaints after menopause or ovarian hormone loss, as they might presage future cognitive decline.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wugalter, Katrina, et al.
(författare)
-
The double-edged sword of PCOS and gender: exploring gender-diverse experiences of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2023
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 2689-5269.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Past research on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a chronic endocrine condition, has focused on the experiences of cisgender women.Aims: The purpose of the present study was to address the knowledge gap about gender-diverse individuals by exploring their lived experiences with PCOS and to better understand if and how their gender identity affected their experience of PCOS.Methods: To explore this, we recruited nine non-binary people and one transgender man with a PCOS diagnosis for qualitative interviews.Results: Three overarching themes emerged: PCOS as a burden, PCOS as an occasion, and PCOS as a benefit. While some aspects of PCOS created an additional burden for our participants, other symptoms such as excess body and facial hair could be empowering and affirming, revealing a positive aspect of this chronic condition.Conclusion: This study is the first to describe the lived experiences of gender-diverse individuals with PCOS, uncovering burdens as well as some benefits. Future research in this population may reveal not only the particulars of what PCOS is like for them but also more generalizable insights into the highly gendered perception and treatment of PCOS.
|
|
