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- Khosravi Ooryad, Sama
(författare)
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Alt-right and authoritarian memetic alliances: global mediations of hate within the rising Farsi manosphere on Iranian social media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Media Culture and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0163-4437 .- 1460-3675. ; 45:3, s. 487-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the rising Farsi ‘manosphere’ of Iran and the case of online misogynistic, anti-feminist and anti-queer mobilisations across social media platforms and messaging applications. It focuses on memes and memetic figures that are circulated on Iranian social media and proposes the term ‘memetic alliances’ to convey complicated and unforeseen mutations of today’s internet meme culture and online hate culture. Moreover, it unpacks the increasing convergences of seemingly conflicting online and political contexts. Drawing on digital ethnographic fieldwork on selected platforms as well as visual and conceptual analyses of memes, the article theorises that online figurations of hate have memeto-(micro)political qualities that allow for their propagation across numerous contexts. Furthermore, the case of Iran’s emergent Farsi manosphere is arguably not a totalitarian exception unique to the Middle East but is reconfiguring and standing in alliance with the global rise of the right and its online culture wars.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Khosravi Ooryad, Sama
(författare)
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Dadkhah mothers of Iran, from Khavaran to Aban: digital dadkhahi and transnational coalitional mothering
- 2024
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Ingår i: Feminist Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 1464-7001 .- 1741-2773. ; 25:1, s. 42-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article offers a theoretical account of the figure of the ‘Dadkhah mother’, the ‘justice-seeking mother’, by highlighting her historical, political and feminist significance in contemporary Iran and beyond. By drawing on a conceptual analysis of visual images, oral and written history and social media posts, I outline the key qualities of the figure of the Dadkhah mother and her longstanding activism and solidarity-building practices. I elaborate on what I call ‘transnational coalitional mothering’ and ‘digital dadkhahi’. The article builds on feminist theorisations of mothering, resistance, affective (mediated) solidarity and conditions of (un)grievability to argue that the multiple mediatised, resistant and coalitional strategies of the Dadkhah mothers of Iran offer radical alternative modes of thinking about mothering and (elderly) women's resistance. Such modes acknowledge these women's undeniable contribution to activism and to doing gender and politics across borders, beyond patriarchal motherhood, familial kinship ties, Western-centric co-optive voices and hierarchical framings, and in direct opposition to authoritarian spatiotemporal nation-building myths and impositions.
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| 5. |
- Khosravi Ooryad, Sama
(författare)
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Memeing back at misogyny: emerging meme-feminism, visual tactics, and aesthetic world-building on Iranian social media
- 2024
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Ingår i: FEMINIST MEDIA STUDIES. - 1468-0777 .- 1471-5902.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I examine the emergence of "meme-feminism" on Iranian social media, which adopts innovative tactics to combat gendered hate online. I propose the concept of "memeing back" at misogyny and numerous gendered inequalities as not only a unique feminist tactic but also a political and satirical world-building practice. With a detailed analysis of theorizations of (digital) feminist activism and mediated visual humor, I demonstrate how the adoption of memes can, through anonymity and visual community-building, extend beyond dominant forms of popular feminism to combat the pervasion of anti-feminism on Iranian social media. I further unpack how this tactic mobilizes feminist memes by utilizing shared aesthetic visualization, a feminist politics of exposure, and visual nagging as embodied and mediated interventions to critique socioeconomic inequalities impacting women-identifying individuals in Iran. On this basis, I argue for the significance of online memes and the "memeing back" tactic in advancing feminist demands under suppressive, violent, and capitalist states.
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| 6. |
- Khosravi Ooryad, Sama
(författare)
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State repression won't stop the feminist revolution in Iran
- 2023
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Ingår i: The New Arab. ; :2023-01-17
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sama Khosravi Ooryad explains that even amidst the resurfacing of violent sate repression that is reminiscent of what was meted out by the regime during the 80s, the people will not be deterred from fighting on.
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| 8. |
- Khosravi Ooryad, Sama
(författare)
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Woman, Life, Freedom Global Revolts: Intersectional and Transnational Memetic Politics of Contemporary Social Movements and Activisms
- 2023
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Ingår i: ATGender Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper-presentation explores the question of which unique characteristics of the recent Woman, Life, Freedom feminist revolts led it to become so globally viral. I argue that, among many factors, memes – or, more accurately, the memefication of contemporary social movements _– was a main reason. Memes are ubiquitous. They have shaped our worldviews and ways of being. They no longer exist only on our screens with cute cats and funny captions but have pervaded our everyday encounters with the world. Memes have been commodified by capitalist consumerism and populist aesthetics and instrumentalized through alt-right abstract eliminationism. Furthermore, they have become part of the politics and intersectional social movements. In this talk, I delve into the recent contemporary global social movements by focusing on their fundamentally memetic elements. I argue that the intersectional and memetic elements of these movements– such as the assemblies of marginalized, revolting bodies memeing themselves from TikTok to streets and back in the Woman, Life, Freedom movement– have been integral to their global virality and sociopolitical advancements. To contextualize, I first address some examples of meme pages on Instagram and Facebook to illustrate how today’s “digital junk” is not only deeply political but has become the core of the current feminist politics of transformation. Then, I elaborate on the key intersectional and memetic elements of mediated, audiovisual, and embodied protest performances from Jina Amini WLF protests across multiple social media platforms and every corner of the streets around the world, to highlight how these instances are transforming contemporary global social justice movements in the present era. Ultimately, I assert that we no longer have to “argue for” the importance of digital technologies (and memes in particular) in our politics and society; rather, we must come to terms with the fact that, from image macros to bodies in revolt, our world is increasingly an actualization of memetics as politics.
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