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- Granqvist, Claes-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the smart window : progress in electrochromics
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 218, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic devices have the ability to produce reversible and persistent changes of their optical properties. The phenomenon is associated with joint ion and electron transport into/out of an electrochromic thin film, in most cases being a transition metal oxide. This paper outlines the various applications of such devices in smart windows suitable for energy-conscious architecture, in variable-reflectance mirrors, and in display devices. Critical materials issues and design concepts are discussed. The paper also covers two specific research topics: computed electronic structure of crystalline WO3 incorporating ionic species, showing how reflectance modulation emerges from a first-principles calculation; and Li+ dynamics in heavily disordered Ti oxide, illustrating how diffusion constants derived from impedance spectroscopy can be reconciled with the Anderson—Stuart model.
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| 4. |
- Veszelei, M, et al.
(författare)
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Optical constants of sputter-deposited Ti-Ce oxide and Zr-Ce oxide films
- 1998
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Ingår i: APPLIED OPTICS. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 0003-6935. ; 37:25, s. 5993-6001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of Ti oxide, Zr oxide, Ce oxide, Ti-Ce oxide, and Zr-Ce oxide were made by means of reactive de magnetron sputtering in a multitarget arrangement. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements, both technique
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| 5. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic devices embodying W oxide/Ni oxide tandem films
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 89:12, s. 7885-7887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and lamination. The WO3 layer between the acidic ZrP-based electrolyte and the NiOxHy layer served as optically pas
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| 8. |
- Granqvist, C.-G., et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in electrochromics for smart windows applications
- 1998
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 63:4, s. 199-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.
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