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- Tjensvoll, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid respiratory responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti exposed to suspended sediments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquatic Biology. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 1864-7782 .- 1864-7790. ; 19:1, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sponges often dominate deep-water benthic faunal communities and can comprise up to 90% of the benthic biomass. Due to the large amount of water that they filter daily, sponges are an important link between benthic and pelagic ecosystems. Across the Tromso-flaket, Barents Sea, Norway, there are high biomasses of deep-water sponges. This area is also an important fishing ground, with fishing activity in some areas >27000 trawl hours yr(-1). Bottom trawling suspends large quantities of sediment into the water column, with measured concentrations up to 500 mg l(-1). This is the first study on the effects of suspended sediment exposure on deep-water sponges. In a laboratory experiment, Geodia barretti (Bowerbank 1858) (Class: Demospongiae) was exposed to 5 different sediment concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg l(-1)). Respiration rates were measured before, during and after the exposure period. The results demonstrate that G. barretti physiologically shuts down when exposed to concentrations of 100 mg l(-1) (86% reduction in respiration), with thresholds of responses occurring between 10 to 50 mg l(-1). However, rapid recovery to initial respiration levels directly after the exposure indicates that G. barretti can cope with a single short exposure to elevated sediment concentrations. Given the high bottom-trawling frequency in Tromso-flaket, sponges may be frequently exposed to suspended sediments. Therefore, it is important that further investigations on the effects of suspended sediments on filter feeding organisms focus on the effects of repeated and long-term suspended sediment exposures to evaluate the overall ecological impacts.
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- Andreasson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The measurement of venous haematocrit in patients with polycythaemia vera.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 246:3, s. 293-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice, patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) are monitored by measurement of venous packed cell volume (PCV). However, whereas treatment recommendations are still based upon studies in which the results were obtained with the centrifuged microhaematocrit, currently in most instances automated blood cell counters are used to calculate PCV. In a group of patients with polycythaemia we therefore compared the results obtained by the microhaematocrit method with PCV calculated by haematology analysers. DESIGN: The study was carried out on a prospective basis. Duplicate venous blood samples were collected. The centrifuged microhaemotocrit was obtained by using an IEC Micro-MB Centrifuge. Depending on different routine methods used in the participating hospitals, the blood cell counter PCV was calculated using Coulter STKS, Bayer Technicon H2 or H3. SETTING: Patients were included from four Swedish university hospitals: Akademiska (Uppsala), Huddinge and Karolinska (Stockholm) and Sahlgrenska (Göteborg). SUBJECTS: Seventy-four patients with PV and 10 patients with secondary polycythaemia were included and a total of 150 duplicate blood samples were analysed from these subjects. RESULTS: In the 150 measurements the mean blood cell counter calculated PCV was 0.448 +/- 0.037; the mean for centrifuged microhaematocrit was 0.467 +/- 0. 037 and the difference between means was highly significant (P = 6.8 x 10-25). The means for centrifuged haematocrit and calculated PCV differed significantly in the groups of PV patients treated with phlebotomy only, hydroxyurea or radiophosphorous (P < 0.0001, respectively). In PV patients treated with alpha-interferon and in patients with secondary polycythaemia the difference in means did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07 and P = 0.13, respectively). The groups of patients with MCV <80 fL and >/=80 fL both presented significant differences between means for calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit. CONCLUSIONS: If PV patients are monitored with blood cell counter calculated PCV it appears that the therapeutic goal should be to maintain the calculated PCV below 0.43, provided the local differences in calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit are of the same magnitude as in this study.
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- Dotevall, Annika, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients splenectomized for various hematologic disorders.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Acta haematologica. - 0001-5792. ; 77:1, s. 38-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At our hospital, 47 out of 184 consecutive splenectomies performed over 7 recent years were carried out on patients afflicted with various hematologic diseases. The results of these 47 splenectomies were the subject of a careful retrospective analysis. The majority of the splenectomies (81%) were therapeutic. Cytopenia, particularly thrombocytopenia, was the most common indication for surgery. As a whole, good therapeutic responses with rapid improvements in peripheral blood picture and/or diminished symptoms of pressure discomfort from an enlarged spleen were obtained. There was no peri- or postoperative mortality; 23% major and 26% minor postoperative complications were recorded. In patients with perioperative bleeding and various postoperative complications, the spleens were larger than in subjects who run an uneventful peri- and postoperative course. During the follow-up period, 4 septicemias occurred in 3 patients. In 2 of these patients, the septicemias coincided with a cholecystitis and a pneumonia, respectively. None of the infections was lethal. It is concluded that elective splenectomy for hematologic disease in well selected and carefully prepared patients is beneficial and can be performed without mortality or major hazards.
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| 9. |
- Kutti, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti to suspended bottom sediment, simulated mine tailings and drill cuttings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981 .- 1879-1697. ; 473, s. 64-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northeast Atlantic sponge beds are recognized as local hotspots for biodiversity and nutrient cycling. Despite their important functional role little is known about their sensitivity to effluents from the expanding hydrocarbon-, mining- and bottom trawling industry. Here, data on physiological and biological responses of the common demosponge Geodia barretti to short (4 h) and long-term (50 day) cyclic exposure of suspended particles are presented. The laboratory study showed that 4 hour pulse exposures with crushed rock particles at 500 mg l(-1) caused a 50% drop in oxygen consumption but with a quick recovery to pre-exposure oxygen consumption once suspended sediment loads returned to background levels. Long-term cyclic exposure (12 h each 24 h) for 29 days caused a permanent drop in oxygen consumption with 60% in sponges exposed to 50 mg l(-1) of crushed rock but with no apparent effect on the energy content of the sponge. Oxygen consumption and energy content of sponges exposed to natural bottom sediments at the same concentration remained unchanged. In conclusion, G. barretti appears to have well developed mechanisms to resist sediment stress, however, the study demonstrated that operations releasing large amounts of suspended crushed rock such as exploration drilling and submarine tailings disposal near sponge beds should be carefully planned to avoid long-term losses of benthic ecosystem functions, such as organic matter re-mineralization.
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