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| 2. |
- Helali, Faramarz, et al.
(författare)
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Participatory ergonomics intervention in an industrially developing country : a case study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 14:2, s. 159-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrially developing countries, a few ergonomists have directed great efforts towards developing ergonomics awareness among managers and workers in organizations. There is little research on the degree of their success, though. Furthermore, access of organizations to ergonomics knowledge is usually very difficult, especially in industrially developing countries. Thus, building ergonomics awareness is certainly the first phase of the process. Three companies from one industry (44 people: 14 females and 30 males) participated in a project aimed at improving their work system. At the beginning, we needed to create a common goal and ensure participation with appropriate ergonomics tools. The findings of this study were the key issue for the ergonomics intervention (i.e., a shared vision, awakened need of change and learning). Further, to build ergonomics awareness and develop a continuous learning process in the company, it was necessary to use more ergonomics tools through workers' participation in different workplaces
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| 3. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse health reactions in skin, eyes, and respiratory tract among dental personnel in Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:1-2, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental personnel manually handle products that contain monomers. Several studies have documented adverse health effects after exposure to such products. Gloves made of vinyl or latex are easily penetrated by monomers. Ordinary glasses, or visors, do not protect against vapour from polymer products. Dental face masks filter out about 40% of respirable particles. To survey the prevalence of asthma, atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, hay fever/rhinitis, and hand eczema among dental personnel, a questionnaire was distributed to all dental teams in Northern Sweden. Referents were researchers, teachers, and secretaries from the same geographical area. The response rate was 76% for dental teams, and 66% for referents. The results show a significantly higher prevalence of conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis among dentists, both male and female. Hypersensitivity to dental materials was reported by significantly more dental personnel than by referents.
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| 4. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Amalgam in dentistry : A survey of methods used at dental clinics in Norrbotten to decrease exposure to mercury vapour
- 1995
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:1-2, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey was conducted on the possible factors influencing exposure to mercury vapour during the handling of amalgam and amalgam contaminated products at dental clinics in Norrbotten, the northern part of Sweden, as well as the current methods being used to minimise, if not prevent such exposures. Increased room temperature, a serious problem when working with amalgam, was the most common complaint from the dental personnel reflecting the observation that ventilation in most clinics was far from being satisfactory. However, methods of treating amalgam-contaminated waste products as well as the classification of products as high- or low-risk wastes also differed a lot. The results further showed that although majority of the dental personnel showed concern on the possible hazards of mercury vapour exposure and were interested in having the level of mercury vapour measured in their clinics, very few had access to any protective equipment against it. And among the few who had some forms of protective wear, most found the equipment disturbing and disruptive of work performance.
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| 5. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Amalgam in Dentistry. A Health Hazard for Dental Personnel?
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:3-4, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross sectional study done in 1993 among dental personnel in Norrbotten, self-reported prevalence of muscular pain, headache, tremor, insomnia, irritation, impaired memory, and depression, as well as information regarding different mercury exposures were collected. Mercury exposures were determined as "number of amalgam fillings in teeth", "years in practice", "insufficient ventilation at work", "total number of amalgam removed, produced and polished per day", and "working in dental clinics." As controls, physicians and nurses from the same geographical area were selected. The correlation between symptoms and different mercury exposures was calculated using logistic regression. The results suggested a higher prevalence of muscular fatigue and tremor for female dental personnel compared to controls. Controls reported a lower prevalence of symptoms with increasing number of amalgam fillings in teeth. There was no correlation between the number of amalgam fillings handled per day and symptoms for dental personnel. Male dental personnel associated muscular fatigue, headache, impaired memory, and depression with increased handling of amalgam in the clinic, whereas the female dental personnel associate the same symptoms with the number of amalgam fillings in teeth. The strongest correlation was found between symptoms and insufficient ventilation at dental clinics for dental personnel.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and hand dermatitis among Swedish dental personnel, including use of personal protective devices
- 1998
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:3, s. 105-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previous study on dental personnel in northern Sweden show that dentists had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported and physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis, compared to chair assistants and referents (Lonnroth & Shahnavaz 1998). Further, significantly more male dentists reported experience of hand dermatitis compared to male referents. To compare the prevalence among dental personnel working in other geographical areas of Sweden, and survey the use of personal protective equipment, a questionnaire study was conducted during 1997, which included all dentists and his/her chair assistants, working in general private and public dental care in Sweden. A total of 7384 dental personnel were included in the study, 4293 dentists (54.7% male and 45.3% female), and 3090 chair assistants. Logistic regression was used for analysing data. Results show that significantly more dentists reported symptoms of atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and hand dermatitis, and had been diagnosed by a physician, compared to chair assistants. However, they did not report more sick-leave due to symptoms, compared to chair assistants. More female used protective devices, than male, and more chair assistants than dentists. Significantly more dental personnel in public dental care used protective devices, than in private dental care. Use of gloves, and face mask, decreased with increasing age but, use of eye protection, mainly in form of prescription spectacles, increased. The prevalence of hand dermatitis decreased significantly with increasing age but, more for female (p < 0.0001), than for male (p = 0.01).
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| 8. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Conjunctivitis among swedish dentists
- 1997
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Ingår i: From experience to innovation. - : Taylor and Francis Group. - 9518021937 ; , s. 228-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxicity of dental glass ionomers evaluated using dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium and neutral red tests
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 59:1, s. 34-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of some commonly used glass ionomers. Three chemically cured glass ionomers (Fuji II, Lining cement, and Ketac Silver) and one light-cured (Fuji II LC) were tested. Extracts of mixed non-polymerized materials and polymerized specimens were prepared in accordance with ISO standard 10993-12. The polymerized specimens were cured and placed either directly in the medium (freshly cured), left for 24 h (aged), or aged plus ground before being placed in the medium. The cytotoxicity of extracts was evaluated on mouse fibroblasts (L 929), using dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)and neutral red (NR) assays. Further, the concentrations of aluminum, arsenic and lead were analyzed in aqueous extracts from freshly cured and aged samples, and the fluoride levels analyzed in aqueous extracts from freshly cured samples. All extracts except that of non-polymerized Ketac Silver were rated as severely cytotoxic in both assays. Extracts of polymerized material were significantly more cytotoxic than extracts of non-polymerized material. All freshly cured glass ionomers released aluminum and fluoride concentrations far above what is considered cytotoxic (aluminum >0.2 ppm and fluoride >20 ppm). Extracts from freshly cured Lining Cement contained the highest concentrations of aluminum and fluoride (215 ppm and 112 ppm). Extracts from freshly cured Ketac Silver had the lowest concentrations of aluminum and fluoride but the highest of lead (100 ppm). It can be concluded that all extracts from non-cured, freshly cured, and aged glass ionomers contained cytotoxic levels of substances. Curing did not reduce the toxicity significantly.
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| 10. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxicity of liquids and powders of chemically different dental materials evaluated using dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium and neutral red tests
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the cytotoxicity of liquid and powder components of chemically different dental materials using 2 basic unspecific cell culture methods. Three chemically cured glass ionomers (Fuji II, Lining cement, and Ketac Silver), 1 light-cured glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), and 2 chemically cured acrylates (Swedon and Super Bond) were tested. The liquids were diluted 1:10 in cell culture medium. The liquids from chemically cured acrylates were further diluted 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10000. Extracts were made by incubating the powders in cell culture medium for 24 h at 37°C according to the ISO standard 10993-12. The cytotoxicity was assessed in transformed mouse fibroblasts (L-929) using two viability assays, dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR). Severe cytotoxicity was observed when testing powder extracts of Swedon, Fuji II, and Lining cement, whereas powder extracts of Ketac Silver, Fuji LC, and Super Bond induced slight to non-cytotoxicity. All of the 1:10 liquid dilutions were severely cytotoxic in the MTT assay. In the NR assay, however, four 10% dilutions were severely cytotoxic and 4 moderately cytotoxic. Further dilution of the liquids of the chemically cured acrylates reduced the toxicity, while the Super Bond catalyst was severely cytotoxic even as the 1:100 dilutions.
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