| 1. |
- De Ruyck, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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n Appraisal of the use of Hydrogen-Isotope Methods to Delineate Origins of Migratory Saw-Whet Owls in North America
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Condor: ornithological applications. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0010-5422 .- 1938-5129. ; 115:2, s. 366-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) breed throughout the boreal forest of North America, but little is known about their population trends or distribution within this region. Analysis of stable hydrogen isotopes (delta H-2) in feathers can delineate origins of a variety of avian migrants, but raptors are reported to have high infra-feather isotopic variance and mean delta H-2 values higher than predicted from delta H-2 isoscapes specific to raptor feathers, making assignment of geographic origin sometimes difficult. We examined the applicability of delta H-2 analysis of saw-whet owl feathers to delineating origins of migrants and to assessing differences in the migratory behavior of adult and young owls by using multiple generations of feathers from owls captured during fall migration at the Delta Marsh Bird Observatory, Manitoba, 2006-2007. Values of delta H-2 in saw-whet owl feathers were higher than predicted from a delta H-2 isoscape specific to raptor feathers and from patterns of movements inferred from analysis of band recoveries. This effect was pronounced in adults, while values of delta H-2 in feathers of hatching-year owls fell primarily within the range predicted for the boreal forest northwest of Delta Marsh. Significant differences in delta H-2 values among feather generations suggest that physiological or behavioral differences between adults and young give rise to greater H-2 enrichment in adult feathers. These results indicate that current delta H-2 isoscapes for feathers cannot be used to track adult saw-whet owls reliably and further research into the mechanisms of H-2 enrichment in owl feathers is required.
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| 2. |
- Hobson, Keith A., et al.
(författare)
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A feather hydrogen isoscape for Mexico
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-6742. ; 102:2, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing useful biological isoscapes for areas of the world is a priority. This is the case for Mexico that hosts a large percentage of North America's Neotropical migrant birds. Here we investigated the use of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) feathers to create a spatially explicit feather deuterium isoscape for that country using samples (n=461) that were collected across Mexico. Considerable and useful spatial hydrogen isotopic structure was observed, suggesting that isotopes may be a potential forensic tool for evaluating origins of Mexican derived fauna and. ora. The most positive feather delta D values occurred in the northeast and most negative in the south-central part of the country, roughly matching delta D patterns observed in groundwater. A weak negative isotopic relationship was found with altitude in both the Pacific and Atlantic drainage systems. The most parsimonious model describing isotopic spatial variation in feathers between 300 and 3000 m a.s.l. included groundwater delta D (delta D-gw; precipitation proxy), sex, amount of precipitation, and the coefficient of variation in amount of precipitation. Overall, delta D-gw was a poor predictor of sparrow delta D-f values for all of Mexico. However, this relationship was considerably strengthened when we considered sex separately, removed the Baja peninsula from our sample, and considered the Atlantic and Pacific drainage basins separately. The strongest relationship between delta D-gw and delta D-f was found for female sparrows in the Atlantic drainage basin (r(2)=0.464). We recommend that researchers interested in inferring origins of migratory birds and other animals in Mexico create species specific isotopic basemaps that may be guided by the isotopic patterns we have observed for House Sparrows and groundwater. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 3. |
- Hobson, Keith A., et al.
(författare)
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A feather hydrogen isoscape for Mexico
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-6742 .- 1879-1689. ; 102:3, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing useful biological isoscapes for areas of the world is a priority. This is the case for Mexico that hosts a large percentage of North America's Neotropical migrant birds. Here we investigated the use of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) feathers to create a spatially explicit feather deuterium isoscape for that country using samples (n=461) that were collected across Mexico. Considerable and useful spatial hydrogen isotopic structure was observed, suggesting that isotopes may be a potential forensic tool for evaluating origins of Mexican derived fauna and flora. The most positive feather delta D values occurred in the northeast and most negative in the south-central part of the country, roughly matching delta D patterns observed in groundwater. A weak negative isotopic relationship was found with altitude in both the Pacific and Atlantic drainage systems. The most parsimonious model describing isotopic spatial variation in feathers between 300 and 3000 m a.s.l. included groundwater delta D (delta D-gw; precipitation proxy), sex, amount of precipitation, and the coefficient of variation in amount of precipitation. Overall, delta D-gw was a poor predictor of sparrow delta D-f values for all of Mexico. However, this relationship was considerably strengthened when we considered sex separately, removed the Baja peninsula from our sample, and considered the Atlantic and Pacific drainage basins separately. The strongest relationship between delta D-gw and delta D-f was found for female sparrows in the Atlantic drainage basin (r(2)=0.464). We recommend that researchers interested in inferring origins of migratory birds and other animals in Mexico create species specific isotopic basemaps that may be guided by the isotopic patterns we have observed for House Sparrows and groundwater. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
- Hobson, Keith A., et al.
(författare)
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Linking Hydrogen (δ2H) Isotopes in Feathers and Precipitation : sources of Variance and Consequences for Assignment to Isoscapes
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tracking small migrant organisms worldwide has been hampered by technological and recovery limitations and sampling bias inherent in exogenous markers. Naturally occurring stable isotopes of H (δ2H) in feathers provide an alternative intrinsic marker of animal origin due to the predictable spatial linkage to underlying hydrologically driven flow of H isotopes into foodwebs. This approach can assess the likelihood that a migrant animal originated from a given location(s) within a continent but requires a robust algorithm linking H isotopes in tissues of interest to an appropriate hydrological isotopic spatio-temporal pattern, such as weighted-annual rainfall. However, a number of factors contribute to or alter expected isotopic patterns in animals. We present results of an extensive investigation into taxonomic and environmental factors influencing feather δ2H patterns across North America. Stable isotope data were measured from 544 feathers from 40 species and 140 known locations. For δ2H, the most parsimonious model explaining 83% of the isotopic variance was found with amount-weighted growing-season precipitation δ2H, foraging substrate and migratory strategy. This extensive H isotopic analysis of known-origin feathers of songbirds in North America and elsewhere reconfirmed the strong coupling between tissue δ2H and global hydrologic δ2H patterns, and accounting for variance associated with foraging substrate and migratory strategy, can be used in conservation and research for the purpose of assigning birds and other species to their approximate origin.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Larson, Keith W., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Inferring the ecology of willow warblers during their winter moult by sequential stable isotope analyses of remiges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 44:6, s. 561-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comparison of feather stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) patterns representing the habitat and diet conditions for two subspecies of willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus that breed in parapatry, but winter in different regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Previous analyses have shown that on average winter moulted innermost primaries (P1) show subspecific differences in δ15N values, although individuals show substantial variation for both δ13C and δ15N within the subspecies. We examined whether corresponding variation in the timing of the winter moult, as reflected by consistent intra-wing correlations for individual's δ13C and δ15N values, could explain some of the previously observed isotopic variation. Further, differential subspecific adaptations to winter precipitation patterns across Africa might result in a variable degree of site fidelity or itinerancy during moult. We found no consistent trend in isotopic values from innermost to outermost primaries, thus inter-individual variation in the timing of moult does not explain the subspecific isotopic variation for P1. Patterns in wing feather δ13C and δ15N values indicated that 41% of the individuals from both subspecies shifted their diet or habitats during winter moult. Importantly, despite well-documented itinerancy in willow warblers during the winter, 59% of the individuals had feather isotope values consistent with stable use of habitats or diets during winter moult. Repeatability analyses suggest that individuals of both subspecies initiate moult in similar habitats from year-to-year while feeding on isotopically similar diets.
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| 7. |
- Lembrechts, Jonas J., et al.
(författare)
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SoilTemp : A global database of near-surface temperature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:11, s. 6616-6629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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| 8. |
- Liedvogel, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Zoology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-9994. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (delta N-15) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results: Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and delta N-15 between social mates. Conclusion: This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide.
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| 9. |
- Wassenaar, Leonard I., et al.
(författare)
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A groundwater isoscape (δD, δ18O) for Mexico
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-6742 .- 1879-1689. ; 102:3, s. 123-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies have shown that precipitation isocapes drive δD and δ18O patterns in surficial waters and in terrestrial food webs. While the GNIP (Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation) dataset provided a key foundation for linking precipitation-terrestrial isoscapes globally, it has insufficient spatial coverage in many countries like Mexico. To overcome this limitation, we hypothesized that shallow phreatic groundwaters in Mexico could be used as an isotopic integrator of long-term seasonally weighted precipitation inputs to the landscape to aid in calibrating spatial H and O isotope datasets for terrestrial, biological and hydrological research. Groundwater was sampled from 234 sites in Mexico at ~ 50 km latitudinal spacing to obtain high spatial resolution and country-wide coverage for the construction of a groundwater isoscape. Our data revealed that shallow groundwater infiltration in Mexico appears largely unaffected by evaporation and reflects seasonally weighted precipitation inputs. These precipitation inputs are primarily biased to summertime when highest rainfall occurs, but a small degree of post-precipitation evaporation revealed a lower d-excess zone that corresponded to the interior semi-arid ecozone. We developed a predictive general linear model (GLM) for hydrogen and oxygen isotopic spatial patterns in Mexican groundwater and then compared the results to a validation subset of our field data, as well external data reported in the literature. The GLM used elevation, latitude, drainage basin (Atlantic vs. Pacific), and rainfall as the most relevant predictive variables. The GLM explained 81% of the overall isotopic variance observed in groundwater, 68% of the variance within our validation subset, and 77% of the variance in the external data set. Our predictive GLM is sufficiently accurate to allow for future ecological, hydrological and forensic isoscape applications in Mexico, and may be an approach that is applicable to other countries and regions where GNIP stations are lacking.
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| 10. |
- Abalaka, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Rock Firefinch Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis in the Mandara Mountains, north-east Nigeria : a new subspecies?
- 2010
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Ingår i: African Bird Club Bulletin. - 1352-481X. ; 17:2, s. 210-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- L’Amarante des rochers Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis dans les Monts Mandara, Nigeria du sud-est: une nouvelle sous-espèce ? Nous fournissons une description d’un mâle et d’une femelle, ainsi que desphotos d’un mâle, d’un amarante capturé dans les Monts Mandara, au nord-est du Nigeria. Le plumage et le cri de cet amarante sont identiques à ceux de l’Amarante des rochers Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis, une espèce précédemment rapportée de la zone, excepté que le mâle n’a pas la couronne grise typique de l’espèce. Des travaux supplémentaires sur le terrain sont nécessaires pour déterminer s’il agit d’un individu aberrant ou d’une population de l’Amarante des rochers morphologiquement distincte.
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