| 1. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 2. |
- Wang, Di, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of Escherichia coli co-harboring conjugative plasmids with colistin- and carbapenem resistance genes in a wastewater treatment plant in China
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health (Print). - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergence and dissemination of resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenem and colistin is a growing, global health concern. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) link human activities and the environment, can act as reservoirs and sources for emerging antibiotic resistance, and likely play a large role in antibiotic resistance transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence and characteristics of colistin-and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CCREC) in wastewater and sludge samples collected over a one-year period from different functional areas of an urban WWTP in Jinan city, Shandong, China. A total of 8 CCREC were isolated from 168 samples with selective agar and PCR, corresponding to high prevalence of 4.8%, co-harboring car-bapenem resistance genes (blaNDM) and colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) and subsequently whole-genome sequenced. Additionally, all isolates were multidrug-resistant by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and car-ried a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. Two isolates carrying virulence genes associated with avian path-ogenic E. coli were identified, one belonging to the high-risk clone O101:H9-ST167. Southern blotting was used to characterize CCREC isolates and plasmids carrying blaNDM-genes or mcr-1 could be transferred to a recipient strain E. coli J53 by in vitro conjugation assays. Resistance to other antibiotic classes were sporadically co-transferred to the transconjugant. Transposition of and mcr-1-carrying element from a transferable IncHI2-plasmid was observed among two CCREC clones isolated within 4 days of each other. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant CCREC capable of transferring their antibiotic resistance genotypes via conjugative plasmids is alarming. WWTPs bring bacteria from different sources together, providing opportunities for horizontal ex-change of DNA among compatible hosts. Further dissemination of the colistin-, carbapenem-, or both colistin-and carbapenem resistant E. coli could lead to a serious threat to public health.
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| 3. |
- Zou, Huiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Dissemination Mechanisms of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Rural Environments in China by Using CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli as an Indicator
- 2019
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Ingår i: Microbial Drug Resistance. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. - 1076-6294 .- 1931-8448. ; 25:7, s. 975-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly recognized that the environment plays an important role both in the emergence and in dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), Mechanisms and factors facilitating this development are, however, not yet well understood. The high detection rate of CTX-M genes in environmental sources provides an opportunity to explore this issue. In this study, 88 CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from 30 pig feces samples from 30 pig farms and 201 environmental samples. CTX-M-producing E. coli was detected with the following frequencies in the different types of samples: pig feces, 73%; river water, 64%; river sediment, 52%; wastewater, 31%; drinking water, 23%; outlet sediment, 21%; soil, 17%; and vegetables, 4.4%. Dissemination of CTX-M-producing E. coli to different environmental matrices was evaluated by analyzing the genetic relatedness of isolates from different environmental sources, and putative transmission routes through bird feces, pig feces, drinking water, river sediment, river water, and wastewater were hypothesized. Dissemination through these routes is likely facilitated by anthropogenic activities and environmental factors. Wild birds as potential vectors for dissemination of CTX-M-producing E. coli have the capacity to spread ARB across long distances. Regional dissemination between different environmental matrices of CTX-M-producing E. coli increases the exposure risk of humans and animals in the area.
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| 4. |
- Zou, Huiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent transmission of carbapenem-resistant, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae between a hospital and urban aquatic environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing prevalence of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (CR-hvKP) prompts the question of whether these strains also circulate outside of clinical settings. However, the environmental occurrence and dissemination of CR-hvKP are poorly studied. In the current study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics, and dissemination dynamics of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from a hospital, an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and adjacent rivers in Eastern China during one year of monitoring. A total of 101 CRKP were isolated, 54 were determined to be CR-hvKP harboring pLVPK-like virulence plasmids, which were isolated from the hospital (29 out of 51), WWTP (23 out of 46), and rivers (2 out of 4), respectively. The period with lowest detection rate of CR-hvKP in the WWTP, August, corresponded with the lowest detection rate at the hospital. Comparing the inlet and outlet of the WWTP, no significant reduction of the detection of CR-hvKP and relative abundance of carbapenem resistance genes was observed. The detection rate of CR-hvKP and the relative abundance of carbapenemase genes were significantly higher in the WWTP in colder months compared to warmer months. Clonal dissemination of CR-hvKP clones of ST11-KL64 between the hospital and the aquatic environment, as well as the horizontal spread of IncFII-IncR and IncC plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes, was observed. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that the ST11-KL64 CR-hvKP strain has spread nationally by interregional transmission. These results indicated transmission of CR-hvKP clones between hospital and urban aquatic environments, prompting the need for improved wastewater disinfection and epidemiological models to predict the public health hazard from prevalence data of CR-hvKP.
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| 5. |
- Chi, Xiaohui, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Clinically Relevant Strains of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Occurring in Environmental Sources in a Rural Area of China by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, and a common cause of healthcare-associated infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to survey the occurrence of and characterize K. pneumoniae in different environmental sources in a rural area of Shandong province, China. Two hundred and thirty-one samples from different environmental sources in 12 villages were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, and 14 (6%) samples were positive. All isolates were multidrug-resistant and a few of them belonged to clinically relevant strains which are known to cause hospital outbreaks worldwide. Serotypes, virulence genes, serum survival, and phagocytosis survival were analyzed and the results showed the presence of virulence factors associated with highly virulent clones and a high degree of phagocytosis survivability, indicating the potential virulence of these isolates. These results emphasize the need for further studies designed to elucidate the role of the environment in transmission and dissemination of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and the potential risk posed to human and environmental health.
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| 6. |
- Chi, Xiaohui, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Clinically Relevant Strains of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Occurring in Environmental Sources in a Rural Area of China by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, and a common cause of healthcare-associated infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to survey the occurrence of and characterize K. pneumoniae in different environmental sources in a rural area of Shandong province, China. Two hundred and thirty-one samples from different environmental sources in 12 villages were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, and 14 (6%) samples were positive. All isolates were multidrug-resistant and a few of them belonged to clinically relevant strains which are known to cause hospital outbreaks worldwide. Serotypes, virulence genes, serum survival, and phagocytosis survival were analyzed and the results showed the presence of virulence factors associated with highly virulent clones and a high degree of phagocytosis survivability, indicating the potential virulence of these isolates. These results emphasize the need for further studies designed to elucidate the role of the environment in transmission and dissemination of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and the potential risk posed to human and environmental health.
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| 7. |
- Gu, Congcong, et al.
(författare)
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Clonal and plasmid-mediated dissemination of environmental carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in large animal breeding areas in northern China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) constitute a major global health problem. The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of CRE, but large-scale studies on CRE in groundwater environments in animal breeding areas are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate CRE occurrence and environmental transmission of carbapenem resistance genes in large animal breeding areas in northern China. In total, 280 well water and 102 animal feces samples in large animal breeding areas in six counties from the two provinces Inner Mongolia and Shandong in China, were screened for CRE. A total of 39 CRE were isolated and characterized with next-generation sequencing. 5.3% of well water samples were contaminated with CRE. The well water in chicken farms had the highest number of detections of CRE (15.9%). More than half of the isolates carried closely related, conjugative IncX3 plasmids with blaNDM-genes from multiple geographic areas, indicating that this kind of plasmid plays an important role in dissemination of carbapenem resistance determinants. The clonal expansion of various CRE isolates in well water and animal feces were demonstrated; clonally related CRE were isolated from different wells within the same county, from different counties in the same province, and even from different provinces. In addition to harboring various ARGs, two closely related K. pneumoniae belonging to ST11 isolated from well water carried genetic hypervirulence determinants on a virulence plasmid, highlighting the potential health risk posed by further dissemination of this strain. These findings suggest that groundwater may be an underappreciated reservoir and source of dissemination of CRE, from which resistance genes may disseminate among different bacterial strains and over large geographic distances. Further research and multi-sectorial monitoring, with a "One health" perspective, is urgently needed to investigate the need for interventions aimed at preventing CRE dissemination.
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| 8. |
- Hanna, Nada, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of antibiotic residues in various environmental compartments of Shandong province in eastern China: Its potential for resistance development and ecological and human risk
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 114, s. 131-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues in different types of environmental samples including water samples in rural Shandong province, China. Further, to characterize the potential ecological risk for development of antibiotic resistance in the environment, and the potential direct human health risk of exposure to antibiotics via drinking water and vegetables. Methods: Environmental samples (n = 214) (river water, waste water, drinking water, sediments, manure, soil and edible parts of vegetables) were collected in twelve villages in Shandong province in eastern China. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of antibiotic residues. The ratio of the measured environmental concentrations (MEC) to the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) was used to evaluate the ecological risk (risk quotient, RQ) for development of antibiotic resistance. The potential risks to human health through exposure to antibiotics in drinking water were assessed by comparing measured environmental concentrations (MEC) and predicted no-effect concentration in drinking water (PNECDW), and in vegetables by comparing estimated daily intake (EDI) to ADI. Results: Sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, doxycycline, and metronidazole were detected at concentrations ranging between 0.3 and 3.9 ng/L in river water, 1.3 and 12.5 ng/L in waste water, 0.5 and 21.4 ng/L in drinking water, 0.31 and 1.21 mu g/kg in river sediment, 0.82 and 1.91 mu g/kg in pig manure, 0.1 and 11.68 mu g/kg in outlet sediment, 0.5 and 2.5 mu g/kg in soil, and 6.3 and 27.2 mu g/kg in vegetables. The RQs for resistance development were amp;gt; 1 for enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ranged between 0.1 and 1 for ciprofloxacin. MECs/PNECDW ratios were amp;lt; 1 from exposure to antibiotics through drinking water for both adults and children. EDI/ADI ratios were amp;lt; 0.1 from exposure to antibiotics by vegetable consumption. Conclusions: Antibiotic pollutants were ubiquitous in various environmental compartments of Shandong province of China. Risk estimates indicated a potential for the measured levels of enrofloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in waste water to pose an ecological risk for resistance selection, and further studies are needed to validate this finding. The investigated antibiotics did not appear to pose an appreciable direct human health risk from environmental exposure through drinking water or vegetables consumption. However, they might still pose a risk for resistance development.
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| 9. |
- Ji, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 among multiple environmental sources in rural China and associated risk to human health
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 251, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria is increasingly becoming a problem of global concern. Particularly problematic is the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems and colistin. The increasing number of reports on the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in isolates worldwide is raising concerns for the future usefulness of this class of antibiotics. Dissemination of mcr-1 is believed to have originated mainly from animal breeding, however, the role of the environment as a transmission source is not yet fully understood. In the current study, 89 extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from 231 samples from different environmental sources in 12 villages in a rural area of Shandong, China, were screened for mcr-1.17 (19.1%) mcr-1-positive isolates were found from different environmental sources, aggregated in 6 villages. Plasmids of three different Inc-groups carrying mcr-1 were confirmed, indicating that the widespread geographical distribution of mcr-1 in the local area is due to a number of different plasmids. Additionally, almost a third (29.4%) of the isolates carried virulence factors associated to intestinal pathogenic E. coli. These results illustrate the high complexity of the transmission patterns of mcr-1 among different environmental matrices on a local scale and the potential for the environment to facilitate dissemination and emergence of antibiotic-resistant and virulent strains of bacteria. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Yang, Chengxia, et al.
(författare)
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Dissemination of bla(NDM-5) and mcr-8.1 in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae in an animal breeding area in Eastern China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal farms have become one of the most important reservoirs of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp. (CRK) owing to the wide usage of veterinary antibiotics. "One Health"-studies observing animals, the environment, and humans are necessary to understand the dissemination of CRK in animal breeding areas. Based on the concept of "One-Health," 263 samples of animal feces, wastewater, well water, and human feces from 60 livestock and poultry farms in Shandong province, China were screened for CRK. Five carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and three carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (CRKQ) strains were isolated from animal feces, human feces, and well water. The eight strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. All strains carried the carbapenemase-encoding gene bla(NDM-5), which was flanked by the same core genetic structure (IS5-bla(NDM-5)-ble(MBL)-trpF-dsbD-IS26-ISKox3) and was located on highly related conjugative IncX3 plasmids. The colistin resistance gene mcr-8.1 was carried by three CRKP and located on self-transmissible IncFII(K)/IncFIA(HI1) and IncFII(pKP91)/IncFIA(HI1) plasmids. The genetic context of mcr-8.1 consisted of IS903-orf-mcr-8.1-copR-baeS-dgkA-orf-IS903 in three strains. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis confirmed the clonal spread of CRKP carrying-bla(NDM-5) and mcr-8.1 between two human workers in the same chicken farm. Additionally, the SNP analysis showed clonal expansion of CRKP and CRKQ strains from well water in different farms, and the clonal CRKP was clonally related to isolates from animal farms and a wastewater treatment plant collected in other studies in the same province. These findings suggest that CRKP and CRKQ are capable of disseminating via horizontal gene transfer and clonal expansion and may pose a significant threat to public health unless preventative measures are taken.
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