| 1. |
- Jablonska, B, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnicity, socio-economic status and self-harm in Swedish youth : a national cohort study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 39:1, s. 87-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an elevated risk for self-harm in adolescents from ethnic minorities. However, potential contributions to this risk from socio-economic factors have rarely been addressed. The main aim of this article was to investigate any such effects. METHOD: A national cohort of 1009 157 children born during 1973-1982 was followed prospectively from 1991 to 2002 in Swedish national registers. Multivariate Cox analyses of proportional hazards were used to estimate the relative risk of hospital admission for self-harm. Parental country/region of birth was used as proxy for ethnicity. RESULTS: Youth with two parents born outside Sweden (except those from Southern Europe) had higher age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of self-harm than the majority population (HR 1.6-2.3). The HRs decreased for all immigrant groups when socio-economic factors were accounted for but remained significantly higher for immigrants from Finland and Western countries and for youth with one Swedish-born and one foreign-born parent. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic factors explain much of the variation by parental country of birth of hospital admissions for self-harm in youth in Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Bayat, J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Daily life impact of malocclusion in Swedish adolescents: A grounded theory study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 71:3-4, s. 792-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To explore how malocclusions affect daily life in adolescents and how adolescents cope with malocclusion-related distress. Materials and methods. Twelve strategically selected teenagers, seven girls and five boys aged 13-14 years, participated in this study. Open, tape-recorded in-depth interviews based on Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were performed using a theme guide and analyzed according to the qualitative method of classic grounded theory (GT). Results. A core category was identified and named 'Repeatedly reminded of the malocclusion'. Associated to the core category, five categories were generated and labeled 'Being directed by the media's ideal image', 'Monitoring others' teeth', 'Struggling with low self-esteem', 'Hiding one's teeth' and 'Striving for cure'. Low self-esteem appeared to be frequently reinforced through the concerns for the malocclusion and handled via different coping strategies, such as hiding the teeth and striving to receive orthodontic treatment. Such processes were further enforced through the influence of media. Low self-esteem could be associated to a visible malposition of teeth, according to the informants. Having to wait for orthodontic treatment was frustrating the adolescents. Conclusions. Adolescents with malocclusion are often reminded of their condition, which can lead to avoiding strategies to minimize the negative feelings associated with the teeth and low self-esteem. Clinicians may therefore need to be aware of potential irrational behaviors when interacting with adolescents with malocclusions. The findings also suggest that there might be a discrepancy of attitudes between professionals focusing on oral health aspects of malocclusions and the adolescents focusing on esthetic aspects.
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| 3. |
- Boman, Krister K., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcomes of childhood cancer survivors in Sweden : a population-based study of education, employment, and income
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 116:5, s. 1385-1391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies of different national populations were indispensable for estimating the impact of illness-related disability on social outcomes in adult childhood cancer survivors. The effects of childhood cancer on educational attainment, employment, and income in adulthood in a Swedish setting were studied. METHODS: The study population was a national cohort of 1.46 million Swedish residents, including 1716 survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed before their 16th birthday, followed up in 2002 in registries at >25 years of age. Main outcomes were educational attainment, employment, and net income. Markers of persistent disability were considered, and outcomes were analyzed with multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic indicators of the childhood households. RESULTS: Non-central nervous system (CNS) cancer survivors had similar education, employment, and income as the general population in adjusted models, whereas survivors of CNS tumors more often had no more than basic (< or =9 years) education (relative risk [RR], 1.80 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.45-2.23]), less often attained education beyond secondary school (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.58-0.81]), and less often were employed (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.77-0.94]). Predicted net income from work was lower in CNS tumor survivors (P <.001) than in the general population, even after the exclusion of individuals who received economic disability compensation. CONCLUSIONS : CNS tumor survivors had poorer social outcomes compared with the general population, whereas outcomes for survivors of other childhood cancers were similar to the general population. Established late effects highlighted the importance of improved, safer pediatric CNS tumor treatment protocols and surveillance that identified individual needs for preventive and remedial measures.
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| 4. |
- Broeckx, Bart J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Improved canine exome designs, featuring ncRNAs and increased coverage of protein coding genes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By limiting sequencing to those sequences transcribed as mRNA, whole exome sequencing is a cost-efficient technique often used in disease-association studies. We developed two target enrichment designs based on the recently released annotation of the canine genome: the exome-plus design and the exome-CDS design. The exome-plus design combines the exons of the CanFam 3.1 Ensembl annotation, more recently discovered protein-coding exons and a variety of non-coding RNA regions (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and antisense transcripts), leading to a total size of approximate to 152 Mb. The exome-CDS was designed as a subset of the exome-plus by omitting all 3' and 5' untranslated regions. This reduced the size of the exome-CDS to approximate to 71 Mb. To test the capturing performance, four exome-plus captures were sequenced on a NextSeq 500 with each capture containing four pre-capture pooled, barcoded samples. At an average sequencing depth of 68.3x, 80% of the regions and well over 90% of the targeted base pairs were completely covered at least 5 times with high reproducibility. Based on the performance of the exome-plus, we estimated the performance of the exome-CDS. Overall, these designs provide flexible solutions for a variety of research questions and are likely to be reliable tools in disease studies.
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| 5. |
- Carneiro, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basis for phenotypic change during domestication
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 345:6200, s. 1074-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic changes underlying the initial steps of animal domestication are still poorly understood. We generated a high-quality reference genome for the rabbit and compared it to resequencing data from populations of wild and domestic rabbits. We identified more than 100 selective sweeps specific to domestic rabbits but only a relatively small number of fixed (or nearly fixed) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for derived alleles. SNPs with marked allele frequency differences between wild and domestic rabbits were enriched for conserved noncoding sites. Enrichment analyses suggest that genes affecting brain and neuronal development have often been targeted during domestication. We propose that because of a truly complex genetic background, tame behavior in rabbits and other domestic animals evolved by shifts in allele frequencies at many loci, rather than by critical changes at only a few domestication loci.
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| 6. |
- Dalen, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Educational attainment and cognitive competence in adopted men : A study of international and national adoptees, siblings and a general Swedish population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 30:10, s. 1211-1219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally and nationally adopted young men were recently reported to have lower than average scores on intelligence tests at military conscription, compared with non-adopted conscripts in Sweden. In this study we used the Swedish national registers to analyse how this lower cognitive competence influences the educational attainment of adoptees. Intelligence test scores at conscription were analysed in relation to educational attainment at follow-up at 25-34 years in male international (n = 2.314) and national (n = 1.153) adoptees, compared with the general population in the same birth cohorts.Korean adoptees more often had obtained a post-secondary education compared with the general population while Non-Korean and national adoptees less often had such an education at follow-up. The international adoptees had a better chance than the general population to complete a post-secondary level and a lower risk to remain at a basic level when their cognitive competence, as measured by intelligence test scores, had been accounted for. This effect was quite similar in biological children in families of international adoptees who had the best test scores, in the Korean adoptees who had slightly better test scores than the general population, and in the Non-Korean adoptees who had considerably lower test scores. National adoptees had similar outcomes in these respects as the general population when test scores had been accounted for. Higher age at adoption was associated with a lower educational attainment in the Non-Korean but not in the Korean adoptees, an effect that was attenuated when test scores were accounted for.We conclude that a lower than average cognitive competence did influence the educational attainment of the Non-Korean international and the Swedish-born adoptees in this study. international but not national adoptees had attained a higher educational level than predicted from their scores on intelligence tests. This education promoting effect was similar in the Korean adoptees, who had high test scores in comparison with the general population, and the Non-Korean adoptees who had comparatively low test scores.
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| 7. |
- Drögemüller, Cord, et al.
(författare)
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A missense mutation in the SERPINH1 gene in Dachshunds with osteogenesis imperfecta
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:7, s. e1000579-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disease occurring in humans and dogs. It is characterized by extremely fragile bones and teeth. Most human and some canine OI cases are caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes encoding the subunits of collagen I. Recently, mutations in the CRTAP and LEPRE1 genes were found to cause some rare forms of human OI. Many OI cases exist where the causative mutation has not yet been found. We investigated Dachshunds with an autosomal recessive form of OI. Genotyping only five affected dogs on the 50 k canine SNP chip allowed us to localize the causative mutation to a 5.82 Mb interval on chromosome 21 by homozygosity mapping. Haplotype analysis of five additional carriers narrowed the interval further down to 4.74 Mb. The SERPINH1 gene is located within this interval and encodes an essential chaperone involved in the correct folding of the collagen triple helix. Therefore, we considered SERPINH1 a positional and functional candidate gene and performed mutation analysis in affected and control Dachshunds. A missense mutation (c.977C>T, p.L326P) located in an evolutionary conserved domain was perfectly associated with the OI phenotype. We thus have identified a candidate causative mutation for OI in Dachshunds and identified a fifth OI gene.
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| 8. |
- Ekeus, C., et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth, social disadvantage, and cognitive competence in Swedish 18- to 19-year-old men
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 125:1, s. e67-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the impact of a range of gestationalages (GAs) on cognitive competence in late adolescence and howthis effect is modified by contextual social adversity in childhood. METHODS: This was a register study based on a national cohortof 119664 men born in Sweden from 1973 to 1976. Data on GA andother perinatal factors were obtained from the Medical BirthRegister, and information on cognitive test scores was extractedfrom military conscription at the ages of 18 to 19 years. Testscores were analyzed as z scores on a 9-point stanine scale,whereby each unit is equivalent to 0.5 SD. Socioeconomic indicatorsof the childhood household were obtained from the Populationand Housing Census of 1990. The data were analyzed by multivariatelinear regression. RESULTS: The mean cognitive test scores decreased in a stepwisemanner with GA. In unadjusted analysis, the test scores were0.63 stanine unit lower in men who were born after 24 to 32gestational weeks than in those who were born at term. The differencein global scores between the lowest and highest category ofsocioeconomic status was 1.57. Adjusting the analysis for thechildhood socioeconomic indicators decreased the effect of GAon cognitive test scores by 26% to 33%. There was also a multiplicativeinteraction effect of social adversity and moderately pretermbirth on cognitive test scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous claims of an incrementalassociation of cognitive competence with GA. Socioeconomic indicatorsin childhood modified this effect at all levels of preterm birth.
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| 9. |
- Ekéus, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Short stature, smoking habits and birth outcome in international adoptees in Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 87:12, s. 1309-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short stature, smoking habits and birth outcome in international adoptees in Sweden.Ekéus C, Lindblad F, Hjern A.Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.ekeus@ki.seOBJECTIVE: To investigate short stature and smoking habits as risk factors for birth outcome in international adoptees in comparison with non-adopted mothers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Nationwide study in Sweden. POPULATION: Two study groups were identified from mothers who were born 1968-1979 and gave birth during 1982-2001-3,610 mother-child dyads with a mother adopted from a non-European country and 336,992 mother-child dyads with a mother born in Sweden. METHOD: Register study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre-eclampsia, instrumental delivery, preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score, cephalhematoma and perinatal mortality and birth weight. RESULTS: Short stature and smoking were more common in international adoptees compared with non-adopted, odds ratios (ORs) 29.07 (95% C.I.: 25.29-33.42) and 1.39 (1.27-1.52), respectively. International adoptees had a slightly increased risk for instrumental delivery (OR: 1.42; 1.32-1.54) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks) (OR: 1.39; 1.24-1.56) and there was a slightly increased risk for SGA (OR: 1.24; 1.01-1.52) in their offspring. However, when we adjusted for maternal height, preterm delivery was the only outcome that remained statistically significant. Adjustment for smoking habits had marginal effects on all outcomes. CONCLUSION: The short stature of international adoptees increased their risk for delivery and birth complications in a predictable manner, but otherwise outcomes were very similar to the general population. No special obstetric monitoring is indicated by adoption status in itself.
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