| 1. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
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Design for Participation and Inclusion will Follow : Disabled People and the Digital Society
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalization is rapidly taking over all aspects of society, but still there are parts of the population who have to struggle for access to, and to be able to use, the digital resources. Design processes and outcomes in the form of artefacts, that takes accessibility into account, is key to participation. This gives the designer a central role in providing for a more equal participation of all, in the digital society. The work in this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the prerequisites for participation in the digital society, and in the design processes to accomplish this, by presenting research done together with three communities: people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people.The overall question has been How can participation in the digital society be understood? We have investigated the nature of difficulties or enabling factors for people with impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people, when using the internet. We have also investigated possible digital divides within the groups, and how they can be explained.Ontologically, the work is based on an assumption that knowledge is to be found in a dialectic interplay between the material world and how we interpret what is going on in this world. The underlying epistemological assumption is that data has to be empiric, and critically interpreted in dialogue between members of the communities, which are being researched, and other stakeholders. This work draws on the idea of emancipation and that research can be liberating.The work also takes on a pragmatic stance. We have used adapted versions of Emancipatory Participatory Research, and of Participatory and Value Sensitive Design, thus making them accessible to people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues or homeless people. We have tested and adapted methods for sampling of rare populations, to enhance the quality of quantitative studies of how people with impairments and people with mental health issues have access to, and are using, the internet.In our research, we have found fourteen prerequisites, all of which need to be in place to provide for participation. To promote participation, we need a toolbox of methods and accessible tools. Finally, to analyse what is going on we need an analytical model which allows for analysis on multiple levels and from multiple perspectives.As a result, I here propose, define and position a framework for researching and understanding participation in the digital society, based on three parts: Guidelines, Ethics and Statistics. Guidelines can be understood as the theories, the regulations, the standards, etc. that inform our thinking. Ethics guide us in the right direction. Statistics make progress or lack of progress visible.The conclusion is: if we plan for participation - by improved statistic survey sampling methods, a participatory approach to collaborative research and in using research methods in an accessible and emancipatory way – inclusion will follow.
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| 2. |
- Lindblad, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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A life enriching togetherness : meanings of informal support when being a parent of a child with disability
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:2, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of children affected by disability are cared for at home by their parents. It is well documented in research literature that the parents are in need of professional support. In the striving to improve the professional caring, it is also important to deepen our understanding about the meaning of informal support from the perspective of parents' life world. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meanings of lived experience of informal support, when being a parent of a child affected by disability. Thirteen parents, eight mothers and five fathers within eight families, participated in narrative interviews, which were analysed by using a phenomenological-hermeneutic method. The meanings resulted in three themes: 'being gratified by experiences of the child as having a natural place in relation with others', 'being provided a room for sorrow and joy' and 'being enabled to live an eased and spontaneous daily life'. These themes emanated from the experiences of other persons' being and doing in relation to the parents, the child affected by disability and the siblings. According to our interpretation, informal support means a life enriching togetherness, the core of which is natural human caring. The findings also showed that parents highly valued professional support concerning informal supporters
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lindblad, Britt-Marie
(författare)
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Att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning : erfarenheter av stöd och av att vara professionell stödjare.
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att tolka och beskriva innebörder av stöd, utifrån att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning och att vara professionella stödjare. Datainsamling har skett i form av berättande intervjuer med 39 föräldrar (23 mödrar och 16 fäder) och 9 professionella (7 kvinnor, 2 män) från olika verksamheter. Samtliga intervjuer har analyserats med hjälp av fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod. Innebörder av att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning (studie I) har tolkats som en medvetenhet om viktiga värden i livet. Barnet har ett inneboende värde som en unik person och föräldrarna strävar efter att göra sitt bästa för barnet. Denna strävan innebär att konfrontera oro, osäkerhet och rädsla i vården av barnet och andra personers nedvärdering av barnet. I föräldrarnas strävan att tillmötesgå barnets olika behov, ingår också att anpassa egna behov efter barnets. Den fördjupade förståelsen av studiens resultat är, att det handlar om en strävan att möjliggöra för barnet att leva ett gott liv. Innebörder av att få stöd av professionella (studie II) har tolkats som att föräldrar och barn blir bekräftade som värdefulla personer och att föräldrarna uppnår trygghet och kompetens i föräldraskapet och får ett hopp för barnets framtid. Erfarenheter av att inte få stöd, medför en kamp mot de professionella, för att kräva det stöd som föräldrarna anser att de och barnet behöver. Innebörder av att vara professionell stödjare (studie III), består av att ha personlig filosofi, som är integrerat i sättet att vara och handla som stödjare. Det innebär att vara trygg i hoppet om att det alltid går att göra något för att hjälpa, genom att söka unika lösningar i den aktuella situationen. Tillit till föräldrar som partners och att få deras tillit, samt att möjliggöra för föräldrarna att uppnå kompetens och trygghet i vården av sina barn är andra innebörder. Detta har tolkats som en frihet från att vara bunden av byråkrati och prestige och en möjlighet att vara äkta, följa sin filosofi och att vara i samklang med barn och föräldrar. Innebörder av informellt stöd (studie IV) har tolkats som en livsberikande gemenskap, där barnet, innefattas i kärleksfulla relationer med närstående och har en naturlig plats i samhället. Att som föräldrar kunna dela glädje, oro och sorg med andra personer och att få möjlighet att uppleva lättnad och spontanitet i det dagliga livet, är andra innebörder av informellt stöd. Helhetsförståelsen av de fyra studierna är, att stöd av professionella i sin tur är ett stöd i föräldrars etiska förpliktelse i deras strävan att möjliggöra för barnet att leva ett gott liv. Informellt stöd betyder att föräldrar och barn är inneslutna i trofasta och berikande relationer med andra.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindblad, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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On a Method to Resolve the Nuclear Activity in Galaxies as Applied to the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 1358
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 723:1, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear regions of galaxies generally host a mixture of components with different excitations, compositions, and kinematics. Derivation of emission line ratios and kinematics could then be misleading if due correction is not made for the limited spatial and spectral resolutions of the observations. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, with application to a long-slit spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1358, how line intensities and velocities, together with modeling and knowledge of the point-spread function, may be used to resolve the differing structures. In the situation outlined above, the observed kinematics differs for different spectral lines. From the observed intensity and velocity distributions of a number of spectral lines, and with some reasonable assumptions about the structure of different subcomponents to diminish the number of free parameters, the true line ratios and velocity structures may be deduced. A preliminary solution for the nuclear structure of NGC 1358 is obtained, involving a nuclear point source and an emerging outflow of high excitation, ending with shock and postshock cloud as revealed by the velocities, as well as a nuclear emission-line disk rotating in the potential of a stellar bulge and expressing a radial excitation gradient. The method results in a likely scenario for the nuclear structure of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1358. For definitive results, an extrapolation of the method to two dimensions combined with the use of integral field spectroscopy will be necessary.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Ulf, 1954-
(författare)
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Gymnasielärare - perspektiv på lärares arbete och yrkesutveckling vid millennieskiftet
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge about how the work and profession of upper secondary school teachers is understood and shaped by the teachers in the beginning of the 21st century, and to relate that understanding of work and professional development to the strivings of the teachers’ trade unions and the state. With the implementation of an innovation as a starting point, the teachers’ narratives also described their work in a broader sense. Connections and contradictions between those descriptions of everyday work are analysed in relation to central ideas in research and state and trade union policy. The empirical data were mainly generated through interviews and studies of state- and teachers’ trade union policy documents. Twenty-three teachers at four upper secondary schools were interviewed twice, with a one year interval. Five school leaders were also interviewed. A minor questionnaire added data concerning professional development. 102 documents published by the State and the teachers’ trade unions between 1964 and 2004 were analysed using critical discourse analysis.The analysis is eclectic, drawing on perspectives and conceptions from theories on professions, organisations, school development and the frame factor theory. The overall approach of the study is practice related research and includes an intention to draw attention to connections between micro and macro levels.The analyses of the teachers’ narratives on implementation indicate that they were able to do the job despite unsatisfactory conditions thanks to high work morale and extensive experience. The infrastructure provided by the frame factors was weak or working at cross purposes. The school-wide support for development was stronger at one of the four schools.The teachers’ formal freedom of action was substantial. In practice it was restricted by frame factors and the fact that the potential freedom was not fully used. Thus, the actual autonomy was more limited than it appeared to be. The school culture included elements of balkanised and contrived collegiality. Many tasks were delegated to the interdisciplinary work teams, but the teams did not seem to live up to expectations. Primarily, they lacked time and an appropriate group composition. There was a clash between the interdisciplinary work teams and the teachers’ need to co-operate within subject work teams. The teachers did not regard interdisciplinary work teams as useful for school or professional development.Supportive conditions for long-term, shared learning and dialogue between researchers and practitioners were largely lacking. Visions such as learning organisations were far removed from the everyday life in the schools. Changes in organisational structures at the schools have partly been counterproductive.The far-reaching restructuring of the Swedish upper secondary schools implemented from the end of the 1980s and during the 1990s was in line with international reform trends. It also had specific national characteristics. The concept professional teachers was introduced in some Government bills around 1990. The teachers’ trade unions adopted the concept and it became increasingly significant in trade union policy during the 1990s. At the turn of the millennium it was a dominant idea in their documents.During the 1990s several influential discourses became established as shared views between the State, trade unions and some researchers, e.g. what I have called change and professional discourses. They were rarely problematized in state and teachers’ trade union policy documents. The two agreements between the teachers’ trade unions and the employers, in 1995 and 2000, constituted another component of what has been termed a system-shift in the Swedish school system. They influenced the teachers’ working conditions and implied new strategies for the trade unions. The professional, change and management discourses salient in the documents were brought into schools with insufficient opportunities for the teachers to develop a deep meaning of the discourses.The study emphasizes the importance of practice oriented studies, related to wider contexts, in order to provide insights into teachers’ work and professional development. It also brings nuances to, and problematizes theoretical conceptions and discourses in the field.Key-words: teaching profession, upper secondary teachers, change, school reform, professional development, school development, frame factors, school governance, school policy, trade union
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| 8. |
- Merlo, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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Association of outpatient utilisation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hospitalised heart failure in the entire Swedish population
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1041 .- 0031-6970. ; 57:1, s. 71-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Individual-based studies on restricted geographical settings have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may precipitate congestive heart failure. As NSAID use is very extensive, it might increase the occurrence of symptomatic heart failure in the general population. Therefore, in order to study the impact of NSAID utilisation (prescribed and over the counter) on hospitalised heart failure in an entire country (Sweden), we performed an ecological analysis, a design appropriate for studying large geographical areas. Methods: We employed weighted (population size) ecological linear regression to study the association between outpatient utilisation of NSAIDs during 1989-1993 and hospitalised heart failure in 1993 in 283 of Sweden's 288 municipalities. Data were adjusted for age and ender proportions, socio-economic factors, latitude and utilisation of cardiovascular drugs, aspirin, low-dose aspirin and paracetamol. Results: The unadjusted relative risk of hospitalised heart failure for each increase of one standard deviation of NSAID utilisation (5.8 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day) was 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.27]. After adjustments, the relative risk was 1.08 (95% CI 1.04, 1.12); the corresponding values if aspirin (non-low-dose) was included as an NSAID were 1.26 (95% CI 1.23, 1.28) and 1.07 (95% CI 1.04, 1.10). There was no such adjusted association with the utilisation of paracetamol - 0.95 (95% CI 0.92, 0.98). Conclusion: The NSAID-heart failure association already established by individual-based studies on restricted geographical settings was corroborated in the present ecological study based on the whole population of an entire country (Sweden). Efforts should be made to promote a rational use of NSAIDs in the general population.
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| 9. |
- Pinol-Ferrer, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
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Analytic gas orbits in an arbitrary rotating galactic potential using the linear epicyclic approximation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 421:2, s. 1089-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A code, EPIC5, has been developed which computes, in the two-dimensional case, the initially circular orbits of guiding centra in an arbitrary axisymmetric potential with an arbitrary, weak perturbing potential in solid body rotation. This perturbing potential is given by its Fourier expansion. The analytic solution solves the linear epicyclic approximation of the equations of motion. To simulate the motion of interstellar matter and to damp the Lindblad resonances, in these equations we have introduced a friction which is proportional to the deviation from circular velocity. The corotation resonance is also damped by a special parameter. The program produces, in just a few seconds, orbital and density maps, as well as line-of-sight velocity maps for a chosen orientation of the galaxy. We test EPIC5 by comparing its results with previous simulations and observations from the literature, which gives satisfactory agreement. The aim is that this program should be a useful complement to elaborate numerical simulations. Particularly so are its abilities to quickly explore the parameter space, to construct artificial galaxies and to isolate various single agents important for developing the structure of interstellar matter in disc galaxies. The EPIC5 code can be obtained from npi@astro.su.se.
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| 10. |
- Rampazzo, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Extragalactic Astronomy : From Pioneers to Big Science
- 2016
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Ingår i: From the Realm of the Nebulae to Populations of Galaxies. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319310046 - 9783319310060 ; , s. 1-92
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the beginning of the nineteenth century one of the scientific issues driving the research of astronomers, like the Herschels, was to test if all the nebulæ can be resolved into stars.
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