| 1. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Varenicline as compared to bupropion in smoking-cessation therapy-Cost-utility results for Sweden 2003.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 102, s. 699-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To calculate incremental cost-utility ratios (cost per QALY gained) for varenicline (Champix; Pfizer), as compared to bupropion, in smoking-cessation programmes for a lifetime follow-up period. DESIGN: The Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes (BENESCO) simulation model was used for a male and female cohort, respectively, as a point of departure but further extended in order to include the indirect effects of smoking-cessation on production and consumption in the economy. All calculations were performed in 2003 Swedish prices. SETTING: Sweden in 2003. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Model cohort consisting of 25% of all smokers among men and women (168,844 males and 208,737 females), distributed by age, 18 and older, as in the Swedish population of 2003. INTERVENTIONS: Varenicline as compared to bupropion, in smoking-cessation programmes for 20-year, 50-year, and lifetime follow-up periods. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: When the indirect effects on production and consumption were included, the incremental costs per QALY gained were euro2056 (euro14,743) for men and euro1193 (euro14,214) for women, in comparison to bupropion and computed for a time horizon of 20 and 50 years (1euro approximately euroSEK9.12). Excluding the indirect effects on production and consumption, varenicline was cost-saving in comparison to bupropion. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results are robust. Variation of treatment efficiency and intervention costs, respectively, had a larger effect on cost per QALY gained than other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated costs per QALY gained rated smoking-cessation intervention using varenicline among the most cost-effective life-saving medical treatments.
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| 2. |
- Hultman, Christina M, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical Issues in Cancer Register Follow-Up of Hormone Treatment in Adolescence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 2:1, s. 30-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1970s, estrogen have sometimes been used in adolescent girls to reduce very tall adult expected height.Worries about long-term effects have led to a proposal to link treatment data with cancer registers. How shouldone deal with informed consent for such a study?We designed a qualitative study with semi-structured telephoneinterviews. From 1200 women who were to be followed-up in cancer registers, we randomly selected 22 women.Major themes were a wish to be involved and a positive attitude to the proposed register research. The womendid not express worry after reading the study protocol, but did convey considerable frustration that this researchhad not been initiated earlier. Active consent was not seen as crucial. We found strong interest in a high participationrate and a concern over missing data. The selection of information and consent or the decision to goahead without consent in register follow-up is a delicate balancing act. Study participants wish to be contacted,but acknowledge the primary goal of answering important questions. Our study provides support for safeguardingprivacy in epidemiological linkage studies and in follow-up of medical treatment without losing the scientificvalue by requesting for informed consent.
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| 3. |
- Lindgren, Ann Christin
(författare)
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Prader-Willi syndrome : diagnosis and effects of growth hormone treatment
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterised by hypotonia (especially pronounced in the perinatal period) with "failure to thrive", hypogonadism, hypoventilation, dysmorphic features, final short stature and mental retardation. From the age of 2 years hyperphagia develops leading to obesity if the caloric intake is not limited. The genetic background in PWS is the absence of functioning genes on the paternally derived chromosome 15q11-13. PWS is one of the first described human disorders due to genomic imprinting. Thus, the maternally derived genes of this region on chromosome 15 are inactivated. An early diagnosis of PWS is important in order to prevent obesity and its complications. The diagnosis is clinical but an easy and reliable molecular genetic method is needed as a complement. We have validated the molecular genetic DNA methylation test (PW71), based on a difference in methylation pattern, on a well clinically and molecular-genetically defined population with PWS and found a good concordance. Subjects with PWS have a poor linear growth velocity during childhood and a final short stature, in spite of the present hypogonadism. They also have a body composition similar to that in subjects with growth hormone (GH) deficiency; increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass. Twenty-nine children with PWS participated in a controlled randomised GH trial, where one group was treated with GH during two years, while the other group served as controls during the first year and then was treated with GH in a larger dose. The aim with the study was to investigate linear growth, body composition, bone mineral content, lipolysis, and the effects of GH on glucose and insulin homeostasis and breathing in prepubertal children. Before start of GH treatment, the children had very low levels of serum GH and IGF-I. During the treatment, linear growth increased markedly and body composition changed with increased lean body mass and decreased fat mass compared to the group of controls with PWS. During GH treatment, the bone mineral content increased. Both in vitro and in vivo lipolysis increased during GH treatment and decreased slowly when treatment was withdrawn. Fasting insulin levels increased during treatment, but none of the children developed glucose intolerance or type 11 diabetes mellitus. GH treatment increased ventilation drive and chemoreceptor sensitivity to CO2 in children with PWS. In summary, an early diagnosis through DNA methylation testing, makes it possible to institute PWS specific treatment before obesity and its complications have occurred. GH treatment of children with PWS improved linear growth, body composition, bone mineral content and respiratory functions. This supports the conclusion that most children with PWS have a functional GH deficiency. This improvement has been reported by the participating parents to contribute to an increased quality of life.
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| 4. |
- Lindås, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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A unique cell division machinery in the Archaea
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:48, s. 18942-18946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to the cell division machineries of bacteria, euryarchaea, and eukaryotes, no division components have been identified in the second main archaeal phylum, Crenarchaeota. Here, we demonstrate that a three-gene operon, cdv, in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, forms part of a unique cell division machinery. The operon is induced at the onset of genome segregation and division, and the Cdv proteins then polymerize between segregating nucleoids and persist throughout cell division, forming a successively smaller structure during constriction. The cdv operon is dramatically down-regulated after UV irradiation, indicating division inhibition in response to DNA damage, reminiscent of eukaryotic checkpoint systems. The cdv genes exhibit a complementary phylogenetic range relative to FtsZ-based archaeal division systems such that, in most archaeal lineages, either one or the other system is present. Two of the Cdv proteins, CdvB and CdvC, display homology to components of the eukaryotic ESCRT-III sorting complex involved in budding of luminal vesicles and HIV-1 virion release, suggesting mechanistic similarities and a common evolutionary origin.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Stenund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bruk och missbruk av EEG : De flesta av remisserna från barnkliniken vid ett svenskt länssjukhus under ett år var adekvata
- 2017
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 114:9-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use and misuse of EEG Electroencephalography (EEG) has an important role in the investigation of patients with different neurological disorders, especially epilepsy. Knowledge about the method, correct indications, its strength/weakness and the actual diagnosis is crucial to get the best out of EEG. The study of EEG requests at a Swedish hospital during one year showed that 78% were consistent with guidelines and 86% of the acute requests were medically motivated or justifiable.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sturk, Erika, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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På väg mot en allsidig skrivundervisning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svenskläraren. - Stockholm. - 0346-2412. ; :1, s. 16-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Färdighetsträning, genrepedagogik och processinriktad skrivundervisning dominerar undervisningen i de svenska klassrummen. Men en allsidig skrivundervisning som också tar skolans demokratiska uppdrag på allvar kräver mer. Ett verktyg för att nå dit är att reflektera över de sju diskurser om skrivandets mål och mening som literacyforskaren Roz Ivanic har definierat.
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| 9. |
- Sturk, Erika, 1971-
(författare)
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Writing across the Curriculum in Compulsory School in Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We live in a mass writing society (Brandt, 2015) with high demands on the citizens’ abilities to write for full participation, and effective teaching of writing is important. This thesis explores how writing is taught in Swedish compulsory school across the curriculum, investigating both how teachers talk about and teach writing. The aim of the doctoral project is to explore how writing is taught across the curriculum in Swedish compulsory school. Two main questions are raised: What discourses of writing can be identified among teachers across the curriculum? How do teachers use writing for pedagogical purposes across the curriculum? These questions are investigated in three studies based on different empirical data. In the first, 60 teachers in Swedish as L1 in school years 1–9 described their teaching of writing in a questionnaire. In the second study, teachers’ interactions about the teaching of writing were explored in an extended staffroom on Facebook for teachers in both Swedish as L1 and as L2 in school years 1–9. In the third study, the teaching of writing in school practice across the curriculum was observed in school years 4–6.Ivanič’s (2004, 2017) framework for discourses of writing and learning to write was employed as an analytical tool. This framework builds on theories of language use in layers, accomplishing a comprehensive understanding of the teaching of writing. The framework consists of seven discourses of writing: a skills discourse, a creativity discourse, a discourse for thinking and learning, a process discourse, a genre discourse, a social practices discourse, and a sociopolitical discourse.The findings reveal that writing across the curriculum was undertaught but writing as a tool for learning – enacted in a discourse for thinking and learning – had a strong position. In language subjects, text-focused writing discourses dominated (a skills and a genre discourse) and a creativity and a process discourse were identified, often combined with a genre discourse. Contextfocused writing (a social practices and a socio-political discourse) was rare, as has been shown by other studies (cf. McCarthey et al., 2014). Language teachers seemed responsible for the teaching of writing, and models for writing were common, e.g., a practical process model and a model for genre writing. The pupils wrote for learning outcomes, and for their teacher, and there was a lack of participatory writing or a critical view on writing. Finally, a comprehensive teaching of writing is argued to develop pupils’ writing proficiency. How such teaching can be achieved is discussed in relation to teachers’ beliefs, the curriculum, subject conventions, school material (cf. Smidt, 2010), and colleagues and key persons on social media – and in relation to what literacy skills that are necessary in the 21st century.
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