| 1. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Den deflaterade kvotens dilemma
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nordiske historiske nasjonalregnskaper. - Bergen : Fagbokforlaget. - 8276745237 ; , s. 177-191
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and structural change in Sweden and a story of convergence Finland, 1870–1990 : a story of convergence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 51:1, s. 46-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies convergence between Finland and Sweden during the 1870-1990 period. Convergence is defined primarily as convergence in income levels and Growth rates, but the article also examines divergence and convergence in economic structure. It studies both the performance of the total economy and the manufacturing industry sector, the latter with special attention to multifactor productivity as an indicator of technical progress. The results suggest that Finnish manufacturing industry was not obviously backward in comparison with its Swedish counterpart, and that convergence, particularly during the post-war period, was influenced by falling profit shares in Swedish manufacturing industry. It is hypothesized that certain Swedish institutions may account for this.
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| 3. |
- Abdul Kader, Hale, et al.
(författare)
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The determinants of reinsurance in the Swedish property fire insurance market during the interwar years, 1919–39
- 2010
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 52:2, s. 268-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing a framework from agency theory, we use a panel data design to examine the factors motivating the level of demand for reinsurance in the rapidly developing Swedish property fire insurance market during the interwar period 1919–39. We find that as hypothesised, reinsurance enabled Swedish fire insurers to mitigate underwriting and solvency risks and thus increased their capacity to underwrite new business in uncertain economic times. This in turn helped to increase the supply of indemnity coverage for property (buildings) fire risks in the Swedish insurance market. We also find that as expected, investment earnings are inversely related to reinsurance purchases. However, contrary to what was hypothesised, reinsurance appears to be positively related to liquidity levels, suggesting that over our period of analysis, fire insurers could have been reinsuring to ‘protect’ earnings and accumulated cash reserves therefore enabling investment opportunities to be realised. Analysis of the sub-period 1919–28 further supports this contention, while our results for the economic depression years after 1929 show that reinsurance helped mitigate underwriting and insolvency risks, suggesting that the reinsurance decision of fire insurance companies could be motivated by macroeconomic factors.
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| 4. |
- Acar, Sevil, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of CO2 emissions and economic growth in the OECD countries : did the type of fuel matter?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1556-7249 .- 1556-7257. ; 12:7, s. 618-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes convergence in CO2 emissions in the OECD countries with respect to the source of emissions (oil versus coal). The investigated period 1973-2010 is divided into two sub-periods, 1973-1991 and 1992-2010. The first period covers the OPEC oil price shocks, where the OECD oil policy was to a high extent governed by energy security concerns and cold war strategic considerations. The second period corresponds to the end of the cold war and the rise of climate policy in several OECD countries. Due to such contextual differences, oil and coal behave differently in the two sub-periods. The generally stronger convergence with respect to oil-related emissions until 1991 conditional on GDP per capita is compatible with a situation where the rising oil prices led to a strong transformation in the countries of interest. Besides, we evidence decoupling of economic growth from oil-related emissions in the post-cold war period.
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| 5. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Periods of converging carbon dioxide emissions from oil combustion : Evidence from a global sample and OECD countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disability, Community & Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier. - 1054-853X .- 2405-5352. ; 23:6, s. 685-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines convergence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by oil combustion for a panel of 86 countries considering the importance of analyzing sub-periods separately. The investigation also points at the necessity of choosing a restricted global sample, which takes into account, for instance, that Eastern Bloc countries reacted differently to increasing world crude oil prices than the rest of the world. The analysis builds on examining the β-convergence hypothesis in a neoclassical growth model setting with additional control variables such as emissions from combustion of solid fuels. The results reveal evidence in support of unconditional β-convergence of CO2 emissions intensity due to oil combustion in the restricted sample for the sub-periods 1973–1979 and 1979–1991, while no evidence for convergence was found for the post-1991, pre-Kyoto period. We could not find support for coal substituting for oil, which suggests that the two types of fuels were related to different basic technologies.
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| 6. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Periods of converging carbon dioxide emissions from oil combustion in a pre-Kyoto context
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Development. - : Elsevier. - 2211-4645. ; 19, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines convergence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by oil combustion for a panel of 86 countries considering the importance of analyzing sub-periods separately. The investigation also points at the necessity of choosing a restricted global sample, which takes into account, for instance, that Eastern Bloc countries reacted differently to increasing world crude oil prices than the rest of the world. The analysis builds on examining the β-convergence hypothesis in a neoclassical growth model setting with additional control variables such as emissions from combustion of solid fuels. The results reveal evidence in support of unconditional β-convergence of CO2 emissions intensity due to oil combustion in the restricted sample for the sub-periods 1973–1979 and 1979–1991, while no evidence for convergence was found for the post-1991, pre-Kyoto period. We could not find support for coal substituting technologies.
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| 7. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial banking, insurance and economic growth in Sweden between 1830 and 1998
- 2009
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Ingår i: Accounting Business and Financial History. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0958-5206 .- 1466-4275. ; 19:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine empirically the dynamic historical relation between commercial bank lending, insurance and economic (income) growth in Sweden using time-series data from 1830 to 1998 and performing tests for Granger causality. Because of the non-stationary nature of the time series examined the procedure of Toda andYamamoto (1995) is used. Our results, which have accounted for possible regime changes due to different exchange rate mechanisms over time, indicate that insurance has Granger-caused economic growth and bank lending. Therefore, we conclude that insurance is an important prerequisite for stimulating economic growth and that this could have important implications for contemporary developing economies.
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| 8. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Managing policy lapse risk in Sweden's life insurance market between 1915 and 1947
- 2020
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 62:2, s. 222-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the challenges that Swedish life insurers faced in managing the lapse risk of policies written on the lives of the industrial urban working class between 1915 and 1947. We observe that with the threat of State socialisation of insurance in the 1930s, industrial life insurers modified their business practices to better control policy lapses. Using firm-level data, we also analyse the effect of socio-economic changes, such as rising real wages, interest rate fluctuations and unemployment on life insurance policy lapses. Our results support contemporary tests of the emergency fund and interest rate explanations for the voluntary premature termination of life insurance policies.
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| 9. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Mutuality as a control for information asymmetry : a historical analysis of the claims experience of mutual and stock fire insur ance companies in Sweden, 1889 to 1939
- 2011
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Ingår i: Business History. - Ilford, Essex : Cass. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 53:7, s. 1074-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We test two competing arguments regarding the influence of organisational form onunderwritingperformance usingdatafromtheSwedish fireinsuranceindustry for the years 1889 to 1939 – a period of both economic growth and stagnation. Since mutuality is a response to information asymmetry problems, mutual insurers are expected to report lower annual claims relative to premiums than stock insurance companies. However, an alternative view is that stock insurers seek to reduce information asymmetry problems by issuing non-participatory rights insurance contracts with high deductibles that induce risk-sharing between the insurer’s shareholders and policyholders. This implies that stock insurers are likely to report lower annual claims than mutual insurers. Our results show that organisational form is an important determinant of the claims experience of Swedish fire insurers, suggesting that mutuality acts as an effective control for information asymmetries in the market.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Unintentional climate policy : Swedish experiences of carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth 1950-2005
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the development of carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden, especially with a focus on the absolute reductions during the post-war period, during the 1970s and 1980s. The paper shows that the largest reductions were achieved before the introduction of an active climate policy in 1991. This was in turn the result of significant improvements in energy efficiency and energy conversion, while structural changes were considerably less important. One reason behind this decoupling process may be that the active energy policy put pressure on households and industries to conserve energy and to substitute from oil to electricity and biofuels. The process was substantially reinforced by the development of world oil prices in combination with the development of domestic electricity prices, where nuclear power seems to have played an important role.
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